milites cohortandi, signum dandum: quarum rerum magnam partem temporis brevitas et successus et incursus hostium impediebat. His difficultatibus duæ res erant subsidio, scientia atque usus militum, quod, superioribus præliis exercitati, quid fieri oporteret, non minus commode ipsi sibi præscribere, quam ab aliis doceri poterant: et quod ab opere singulisque legionibus singulos legatos Cæsar discedere, nisi munitis castris, vetuerat. Hi, propter propinquitatem et celeritatem hostium, nihil jam Cæsaris imperium spectabant, sed per se, quæ videbantur, administrabant.

Nepos.

Adspergebatur etiam infamia, quod in domo sua facere mysteria dicebatur; quod nefas erat more Atheniensium: idque non ad religionem, sed ad coniurationem pertinere existimabatur. Hoc crimine in concione ab inimicis compellabatur. Sed instabat tempus ad bellum proficiscendi. Id ille intuens, neque ignorans civium suorum consuetudinem, postulabat, si quid de se agi vellent, potius de præsente quæstio haberetur, quam absens invidiæ crimine accusaretur. Inimici vero eius quiescendum in præsenti, quia noceri non posse intelligebant, et illud tempus exspectandum decreverunt, quo exisset, ut sic absentem aggrederentur: itaque fecerunt. Nam postquam in Siciliam eum pervenisse crediderunt, absentem, quod sacra violasset, reum fecerunt.

Virgil.

Pars stupet innuptæ donum exitiale Minervæ,
Et molem mirantur equi. Primusque Thymates
Duci intra muros hortatur et arce locari,

Sive dolo, seu jam Trojæ sic fata ferebant.

At Capys, et quorum melior sententia menti,
Aut pelago Danaûm insidias suspectaque dona
Præcipitare jubent subjectisque urere flammis,
Aut terebrare cavas uteri et tentare latebras.
Scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus.
Primus ibi ante omnes, magna comitante caterva,
Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce,

Et procul: O miseri, quæ tanta insania, cives?
Creditis avectos hostes, aut ulla putatis
Dona carere dolis Danaûm? sic notus Ulixes?

Horace.

Nequicquam deus abscidit

Prudens Oceano dissociabili
Terras, si tamen impiæ

Non tangenda rates transiliunt vada.
Audax omnia perpeti

Gens humana ruit per vetitum nefas.
Audax Jäpeti genus

Ignem fraude mala gentibus intulit.

Post ignem ætheria domo

Subductum macies et nova febrium

Terris incubuit cohors,

Semotique prius tarda necessitas

Leti corripuit gradum.

Expertus vacuum Dædalus aëra

Pennis non homini datis;

Perrupit Acheronta Herculeus labor.

Translate into Latin Prose:

Assuredly, if I thought the whole army wished my death, I would die this moment before your eyes; for, if my life were hateful to my fellowcitizens and fellow-soldiers, I myself should have

no pleasure in it. But a multitude is always like the sea, which does not move of itself, but is stirred by winds and gales. So with you, 'tis either calm or tempest; and, while the fount and origin of all your fury is with your advisers, you yourselves are maddened by contagion. But even now it does not seem to me that you are aware, to what a pitch of insanity you have proceeded, or what a depth of crime you have adventured on, against your country, against the Gods, against the majesty of the Supreme Power.

Translate into Latin verse

Though the torrents from their fountains
Roar down many a craggy steep,
Yet they find among the mountains
Resting places calm and deep.
Clouds that love through air to hasten,
Ere the storm its fury stills,
Helmet-like themselves will fasten
On the heads of towering hills;
And the sea-horse, though the ocean
Yield him no domestic cave,
Slumbers without sense of motion,
Couched upon the waking wave.
Day and night my toils redouble,
Never nearer to the goal;
Night and day, I feel the trouble
Of the wanderer in my soul.

GREEK.

REV. G. RAWLINSON, M.A.

Grammatical Questions.

1. Which of the Greek letters are called "dentals," which "palatals," and which "linguals”? Which letters are "aspirates," and which "double letters"? Show by examples how each double letter is composed.

2. Decline, through all three numbers, εἶδος, σοφός, and σύ.

3. What is the genitive case singular of ἀγορά, δῶμα, Ζεύς, ναῦς, and οδούς—the vocative singular of γυνή, πατήρ, θεός—and the dative plural of θήρ, γίγας, ποιμήν, and κύων ?

4. Which is right, σοφώτατος οι σοφότατος, ἐντιμώτατος οι ἐντιμότατος, τάχιστος οι ταχύτατος, μακίων οι μακρότερος, ῥᾳδιώτατος or ῥᾷστος? Give the comparatives and superlatives of μάλα, εὖ, ὀψέ, πολύς, and ὠκύς.

5. Write down the whole of the following tenses1 aorist imperative active of φυλάσσω : 1 future indicative middle of ὄμνυμι : 1 aorist indicative middle of κτάομαι.

6. Give the first person singular of each of the following tenses: the first future indicative active of καίω, τρέχω τρίβω, φέρω—the perfect indicative active of ἀποστέλλω, ἐντυγχάνω, καταγιγνώσκω, and τείνω and the second aorist indicative active of αἱρέω, τρέφω, τρώγω, and χανδάνω.

7. Parse ἔδωκας, οἶσθα, στῆναι, ἐτίμα, φάς, τετύ ψομαι.

B

8. Translate the following:—παρὰ βασιλέως παρὰ βασιλεῖπαρὰ βασιλέα—μετὰ Σόλωνος —μετὰ Σόλωνα-κατὰ Κτησιφῶντος—κατὰ Κτησιφῶντα πρὸς θεῶν πρὸς θεούς.

9. What is the difference between the negatives οὐ, μή, οὐ μή, and μὴ οὐ ? Show by examples when each of them ought to be used.

10. Explain what is meant by "Elision," "Crasis," "Hiatus," and "Mixed Construction"? Give one or more examples of each.

Passages for Translation.

[N.B.-Candidates are recommended to attempt some of the short passages in (1), before proceeding to the longer passages from authors. Not more than two of the longer passages are to be attempted.]

Εἶπεν ὁ Σωκράτης, Νή Δί', ὦ Καλλία, τελέως ἡμᾶς ἑστιᾷς. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον δεῖπνον ἄμεμπτον παρέθηκας, ἀλλὰ θεάματα καὶ ἀκροάματα ἥδιστα παρέχεις. Καὶ ὃς ἔφη, Τί οὖν; εἰ καὶ μύρον τις ἡμῖν ἐνέγκαι, ἵνα καὶ εὐωδίᾳ ἑστιώμεθα; Μηδαμῶς, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης.

Ταῦτα ὡς ἐξηγγέλθη Ἀλεξάνδρῳ πρὸς τῶν κατασκόπων τῶν Περσῶν, ὅσοι ἑάλωσαν, ἔμεινεν αὐτοῦ, ἵνα ἐξηγγέλθη, ἡμέρας τέσσερας· καὶ τήν τε στρατίαν ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ ἀνέπαυσε, τό τε στρατόπεδον τάφρῳ τε καὶ χάρακι ἐτείχισεν.

Περίανδρος ὁ Κυψέλου υἱὸς, ἐκώλυε τοὺς πολίτας δούλους κτᾶσθαι, καὶ σχολὴν ἄγειν, ἀεί τινα αὐτοῖς ἔργα ἐξευρίσκων. Εἰ δέ τις ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς καθέζοιτο, ἐζημίου, δεδιὼς μή τι βουλεύοιντο κατ ̓ αὐτοῦ.

Οὐ χρή ποτ' εὖ πράσσοντος ὀλβίσαι τύχας
ἀνδρὸς, πρὶν αὐτῷ παντελῶς ἤδη βίος
διεκπερανθῇ, καὶ τελευτήσῃ βίον.
ἐν γὰρ βραχεῖ καθεῖλε κὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ
πάμπλουτον ὄλβον δαίμονος κακοῦ δόσις,
ὅταν μεταστῇ, καὶ θεοῖς δοκῇ τάδε.