A. A word ufed to connect fentences, or parts of fentences, to fhew the manner of their dependence one on another; as, John rode to town, and brought home the books.

Q. Give a lift of the principal conjunctions.

A. And, with, alfo, for, by, or, nor, neither, if, but, though, yet, therefore, wherefore, nevertheless, notwithBanding, except, &c. (27)

SECT. IX. INTERJECTION.

Q. What is an INTERJECTION?

A. A word that expreffes fome fudden affection or paffion; as, Obrave! fhew! alas! hush! hark! foho! bolloa! &c. (28)

CHAP.

III.

RULES to diftinguish the feveral PARTS of SPEECH one from another.

BEFORE the hear his enemory

amifs to furnish his memory with the following eafy Rules for diftinguishing the parts of fpecch one from another,

The ARTICLES are but two, a (or an) and the.

COMMON NOUNS admit articles and adjectives to precede them; as, a good man, a bad pen, &c.

PROPER NOUNS are known to be the name of fome

(27) Words which are fometimes ufed as conjunctions, are at other times used as other words; as for example, the word now is both a conjunction and an adverb of time.--That is fometimes a conjunction, at others a relative, and at others a definitive pronominal adje&tive.

Whence, whether, whenever, wherever, &c. may be called adverbial conjunctions; as they perform the offices of hoth adverbs and conjunctions; as adverbs, they denote the attributes of time or place, and as conjunctions, they conjoin fentences. H.

(28) Interjections may be divided into claffes of admiration, mirth, sorrow, surprize, &c.

individual

individual person, animal, place, or thing; as, John, Tray, London, The Royal George, &c.

ADJECTIVES are known by their admitting articles to precede and the word thing to follow; as, a good thing; a round thing, &c.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS are, I, thou, you, he, she, it, we, ye, they.

VERES admit of fome perfonal pronoun to precede them, as, I write, they fing, &c.

ADVERBS do generally answer to fome one of the following queftions: How how often? how much? when? where? (29)

PREPOSITIONS admit fome noun or pronoun to follow them in the objective cafe; as, he rode to town, from him, for me, &c. (30)

CONJUNCTIONS are best known by their definition and examples, at Sect. viii. p. 106.

INTERJECTIONS are known by being accompanied by the note of admiration.

(29) Sume nouns and adjectives anfwer to the fame questions; but the foregoing rules will diftinguish them from adverbs.

(30) The ubjective cafe of nouns is not at all times fo distinguishable as we could with, for the purpose; but yet this is the best help we can give the learner to diftinguih prepofitions from other forts of words,

CHAP.

CHA P. IV.

SYNT

A X.

QW. The placing of the words of a fentunee

in due form.

Q. How many kinds of fentences are there ?

A. Two fimple and compound. (30)

Q. Which are the principal parts of a simple sentence? A. The Agent, the Attribute, and the Object.

Q. What is the AGENT?

A. The noun which reprefents the perfon or thing that performs any action; as, Samuel loves.-Samuel is the Agent. (31)

Q. What is the ATTRIBUTE?

A. The verb which represents the action performed by fome agent; as in the above example, loves is the Attribute.

Q. What is the OBJECT?

A. The noun which reprefents the perfon or thing acted on, by the agent; as, Thomas loves his book.---Book is the object.

Q. What is a COMPOUND SENTENCE?

(3) Both thefe ki ez of fentences may be either declarative, interrogative, or imperative, --Declarative fentences are fuch as declare athing to be or not to he, in a direct manner.-- Imperative and interrogative fentences are known by their names: Imperative being fuch as command having the principal verb in the imperative mode, and placed before the agent ---Interrogative are fuch as atk fome question; and which have the principal verb placed before the agent, yet in the indicative mode.

(31) Sometimes the verb in the infinitive mode, or a whole fentence becomes the agent ; as, to teach is the master's duty to live without envy is felf-command,

K

A, Such

A. Such as bath more than one agent and attribute; or, several simple sentences united together. (32)

Q. On what does the CONSTRUCTION of SENTENCES principally depend?

A. The concord and government of words.

Q. What is the CONCORD of words?

A. The agreement of perfon and number between the Agent and Attribute. (33)

Q. What is the GOVERNMENT of words?

A. That power whereby one word caufes another to be in fome particular cafe or mode.

Q. Where is the place of the ARTICLES in fentences? A. The place of the indefinite is before fingular nouns; and that of the definite before fingular or plural nouns. (34)

Q. Where is the place of the Noun which is the AGENT?

(32) United together, by relative pronominal adjectives; comparative adverbs, or conjunctions.

(33) This is the grand part of concord; tho' it may be here noted, that one noun agrees with another, and relatives with their antecedents. Thefe things will be explained.

(34) When adjectives are used to denote the quality, &c. of a noun, and when adverbs are used to denote the degrees of such adjectives, the articles do generally precede them likewife.

The indefinite article points out things in a general way only: thus, a house, means fome house or other, but does not define which: the definite article points out what particular houfe is meant; thus the boufà means fome particular house which has been fpoken of before, or which particularized immediately after, by fome circumftance belonging to it. When the indefinite article precedes the words, few or many (the latter Shiey with the word great before it) ft may be used with plural nouns; as, a few men, a great many men, &c. The reafon is here manifeft, from he effect which the article has in these phrafes; for it means a small or great number collectively taken, and therefore gives the idea of a who hat is, of unity. Likewife, a bundred, afcere, a dozen, &c. is each one whole number, an aggregate of many, collectively taken.

The definite articie is fometimes ufed to add particular emphafis to proper nouns ; as, The two Scipio's, The Howards. In a few instances, the indefinite article is used in the fame manner; as, an Alexander, a Nero, &c, &c.

A. Before

A. Before the Attribute; as, a good Boy loves his book. (35)

Q. What cafe muft the agent be in?

A. The nominative: and the object always in the objective.

Q. Where is the place of the OBJECT?

A. Following the Attribute; as, in the laft example, Book is the object, placed after the attribute loves. Q. Give examples of the agreement between, the Agent and Attribute.

A.

Agreement of Number
He loves play; fingular number:
They love play; plural number: (36)
Agreement of Perfon:

Sing. Numb.

I write,

Thou writeft,

He or she writes, (37)

Plural Numb.

we write ;

ye write;

they write.

Q What Government have Nouns ? (38)

A. One governs another in the poffeffive cafe.
Q. Where is the place of the ADJECTIVE?

(35) What is here faid of the Noun which is the agent, muft alfo be anderflood of the agent in general, whether it be a fingle noun, pronoun, the infinitive mode, or wholesentence.

(36) When two or more nouns of the fingular number are united by a copulative conjunction, the verb must be of the plural number; as, Soerates and Plato were the most eminent Philosophers of Greece.-Iftwo nouns of different numbers be united, the verb must agree with that which is nearest to it,--- Many collective nouns may have either a fingular or plural verb.

(37) Tb. generally terminates the verb of the third perfon fingular, when in the folemu, ands, when in the gay and familiar ftyle.-The most common fault that youth fall into, is the falfe conftruction of verbs, especially in the first perfon; ufing, I loves, we fings, we learns, &c.for I love, we fing, &c.

(38) There is an agreement of nouns neceffary; i, e. of cafe, when two reprefent the fame thing: as, George the King, &c.-This is called appofition. Alfo onouns, one of which is before and the other after a neuter verb, are both of the famecafe,—This is likewife called agres

ment.

K 2

A. Before