distinct and lasting impressions. Apparatus makes instruction pleasing to all. Learning from books, without the aid of illustrations, is frequently irksome. Apparatus makes schools pleasant places of resort. If children find nothing in schools, but a few books, to afford them interest, they frequently resort to them with reluctance.

Froin these and numerous other considerations, it is confidently believed, that money can in no way be more judiciously appropriated for the purposes of education, than by furnishing every town, and every school, with the apparatus appropriate for lyceum and primary instruction. For sale by

CARTER AND HENDEE,

Corner of Washington and School Streets. ELEMENTARY SPECIMENS OF GEOLOGY, properly labelled, with a small manual to explain their ingredients and properties, will be ready on the first of June.

SPECIMENS OF Forest TREES—or of the varieties of wood used in the arts, with appropriate descriptions, are preparing, and will be ready for use the present season.

IMPROVED

ADDITION

A NEW DICTIONARY FOR SCHOOLS.
CARTER AND HENDEE,

HAVE JUST PUBLISHED,
JOHNSON'S DICTIONARY,

BY TODD, ABRIDGED FOR THE USE OF Schools; with the OF WALKER'S PRONUNCIATION; AN ABSTRACT OF His PrinciplES OF English PRONUNCIATION, with QuesTIONS; A VOCABULARY OF GREEK, Latin, AND SCRIPTURE Proper NAMES; AND AN APPENDIX OF AMERICANISMS.

It is almost universally acknowledged, among learned men, that the definitions in Johnson's Dictionary are superior to all others; and it is also conceded, that Walker's pronunciation is, with few exceptions, the proper standard. A Dictionary, in which the excellences of these two authors are combined, must, therefore, be the best adapted to the present state of the English language.

• A very valuable work has been executed on this plan, and lately published in Boston. It is entitled “ Johnson's and Walker's English Dictionaries combined,” and contains all the words which have been added to Johnson's Dictionary by Dr Todd. The present is an Abridgment of this work.

• The Appendix of Americanisms will assist the scholar in detecting the words in common use, which are not well authorized, and will show him the difference between English and American usage.'

EXTRACTS FROM AN ADDRESS, DELIVERED BY THE PASTOR OF THE

CHARLES STREET BAPTIST SOCIETY, JULY 4, 1829.

We rejoice that Religious Celebrations of our national independence increase among us, and hope they will become general throughout our Republic. We were so well pleased in listening to the following Address last year, that we have succeeded with the author, in obtaining the liberty of making extracts from his manuscript, and trust they will be thought by our readers, to be seasonable on the eve of the approaching Fourth of July.

ADDRESS.

In his farewell address, the Hebrew lawgiver charged his people to remember all the way which the Lord their God had led them. This duty, enjoined under such affecting circumstances, is equally incumbent on us. Unless we review the dealings of the Almighty to our nation, we cannot know the extent of our obligations, nor the amount of that gratitude which we owe him.

It is also due to the benefactors of our country, that we should acquaint ourselves with their principles, their deeds of courage, and their voluntary privations and sufferings in the cause of independence and freedom, that we may embalm their memories in our hearts and emulate their examples.

A recollection of our past history, as connected with our present condition and future prospects, is a duty we owe to ourselves. If we would stand fast in the liberty wherewith the Lord has made us free, and not be entangled again with the yoke of bondage, we should sometimes, at least, look around us and consider attentively our civil and political blessings. We should reflect how they were obtained, and what their influence is on our social relations. We should compare our institutions of government with those of other nations; and should seriously inquire how they may be most effectually improved and perpetuated. Without such reflections we July, 1830.

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shall not sufficiently value our privileges, nor shall we guard them from encroachments with that unceasing vigilance which is our duty.

And what seasor. can be so suitable for such contemplations, as when our nation's joy is echoing from hill to dale, and from the valleys to the mountain tops? We participate in this patriotic feeling, and the pleasures of memory shall be ours, while we think of a few of those events which have most largely contributed to our present national prosperity.

We should be both unjust and ungrateful to the first settlers of New England, were we not to mention them as principal instruments in laying the broad and solid foundation, on which our literary, civil and political institutions rest. They labored, and we their posterity are enjoying the fruit of their labors.

The character of the early colonists, and the circumstances under which they established themselves here, were peculiarly favorable to the morals, religion and liberties of the people. They were not a company of needy adventurers, who came for the sole purpose of acquiring wealth, and then returned to waste it on their pleasures. They were not bankrupts in reputation, who had fled from the hands of justice, and who sought to hide themselves from the scorn of a virtuous community, in the dark and secluded forests of America. No!

“They came, not as the flying come,
In silence and in fear:-
They shook the depths of the desert gloom
With their Hymns of lofty cheer.
“ Amidst the storm they sang,
And the stars hcard and the sea !
And the sounding aisles of the dim woods rang

To the Anthem of the free.”
They feared God. They were men of upright principles and
virtuous lives. No one pretended to allege any crime against
them, except touching the matter of their worshipping the Lord
their God. They were not only pious-many of them were dis-
tinguished for their great learning and talents; and had been
burning and shining lights in their own country.

But having suffered for years all the indignities that a persecuting hierarchy could inflict; having been exposed to fines, imprisonment and buffettings, for conscience sake, they at last resolved to seek an asylum, far away from all their oppressors. Their last act before they left the old world, was to commend themselves in solemn prayer to God; and among their first acts when they arrived here, was the offering of thanks to their Almighty Protector, and the humble request for divine guidance and protection.

Such were their views of the importance of social order, that before they came on shore, they met in solemn deliberation, organized themselves as a body politic, agreed to a code of laws, and appointed their first Governor for one year. And such was their

attachment to the ordinances of religion, that within twelve days of their first landing, they assembled together for public worship on shore. As soon as possible, they erected a house of worship; and with the views which we could wish might pervade all our new settlements, they immediately established schools for their children. When the colony became populous, other settlements were attempted, and we see the same enlightened, moral and religious principles in their arrangements. They never thought of changing their abode and forming a new village or town, without being accompanied by a religious teacher, and providing for the education of their children. Such was their conviction of the great importance of learning, both to the church and to the state, that at a very early period, and when their means were extremely limited, they founded the College at Cambridge, and solemnly dedicated it to Christ and his church.

The first settlers were plain and simple in their manners ; industrious, frugal, and temperate in their habits, virtuous in their lives, and pious and orthodox in their principles. It was impossible for such a community to exist, without preparing the way for civil and religious blessings to descend on their posterity. And it is with great pleasure we acknowledge, on this joyful occasion, that for much that is valuable and ennobling in our social institutions, we are greatly indebted to the influence of their principles, and to their private and public example.

But good and worthy as they were, they had not, it is believed, scriptural views of the boundary lines, within which human legislation should be confined. They seemed to forget, that the kingdom of Christ is not of this world, and that its polity is very different from that of the former dispensation. In relation to religious freedom, they had imbibed the spirit, and adopted the errors of the age. They did not come here as strangers and pilgrims, because they disapproved of the establishment of religion by law, but because their religion was not the one established, and because they suffered the evils consequent on dissent. The legal establishment of religion was considered by them essential to the best interests of the community. Hence they were no sooner at rest in their new home, than they required that persons holding the humblest civil offices should be members of a church; and enforced uniformity of faith and practice, by those pains and penalties which had been previously so insupportable to themselves.

But the Lord, who has ever been mindful of us and blessed us as a people, raised up an important instrument, to counteract these erroneous sentiments, in the person of Roger Williams.

This eminent man was regularly admitted to orders in the Church of England, and preached for some time as a minister of that Church. But he embraced the doctrine of the Puritans, and thereby rendered himself obnoxious to the government. To avoid persecution, he embarked for America. But he only escaped from persecution there, to experience it here. Although he maintained the character, “ of a godly man, and a pious minister,” yet he was considered a dangerous schismatic for insisting that the Magistrate

had no right to punish for breaches of the first table; or in other words, to deal in matters of conscience and religion. After some ineffectual endeavors to convince or to quiet him, the General Court passed against him the cruel sentence of banishment. He had permission to stay within the jurisdiction until spring, on condition that he would be silent on these subjects. But he felt it his duty to bear testimony, that civil rulers, as such, had no authority from God, to regulate or control the affairs of religion. He was therefore compelled in the depth of winter to seek refuge among savages; and he received that kindness from them, which professed Christians had refused. During a long and tedious winter, his sustenance consisted of such roots as he could find, and a little Indian corn which was obtained from the natives. His preservation was so remarkable, through a severe winter, that he called the place of his retreat, Providence, which name as you all know it bears at the present day.

“ The true grounds of liberty of conscience were not understood in America, until Williams publicly avowed, that Christ alone is king in his own kingdom, and that no others had authority over his subjects, in the affairs of conscience and eternal salvation." As many persons of different religious sentiments, afterwards resorted to the vicinity of Williams as an asylum of freedom, a system of civil government was established.

Their petition to Charles I. for a charter, " that they might be permitted to hold forth a lively experiment, that a most flourishing civil State may stand and be best maintained, with a full liberty in religious concernments," was granted. It is the glory of that State, that none of her annals are stained with acts to regulate those important concerns which lie wholly between man and his Maker. Hence it was early said of this Colony, “They are much like their neighbors, only they have one vice less, and one virtue more than they ; for they never persecuted any, but have ever maintained a perfect liberty of conscience.”

Roger Williams, then, justly claims the honor of being the first legislator in the world, that fully and effectually provided for, and established a free, full, and absolute liberty of conscience. The first Governor of Rhode Island, and his fellow citizens, having drank deep of the bitter cup of persecution for conscience' sake, founded, to their lasting honor, a government, which left every man at liberty to embrace or not to embrace Christianity, to worship or not to worship God, without subjecting himself to civil disabilities, or to fines and imprisonments. These sentiments of Williams, and the practical illustration given of them in his government, operated gradually but powerfully on the public mind, and finally, though alas too slowly, produced a revolution in public opinion, as to the expediency of taking religion under the protection of the law.

Others emboldened by his example, and by the royal assent for the establishment of a colony which would afford them an asylum in time of danger, ventured to declare their sentiments publicly, and to observe the ordinances of Christ as their consciences dic