OPTICS. 16. State the laws which govern the reflection, and the ordinary refraction of light. 17. Explain how images are formed at plane surfaces by reflected light. 18. How many kinds of lenses are there? Reduce them to two classes. QUESTIONS FOR CANDIDATES FOR EXHIBITIONS. 1. Let f and 'f be the numbers expressing the magnitudes of two forces and the angle contained by their directions. Give the expression for their resultant; and for the cosine of the angle which it makes with f. 2. When three forces are in equilibrio at a point, what conditions must they fulfil? How may the relation between them be very simply exhibited? 3. Show that every body, however irregular, must have a centre of inertia. Why is this usually called the centre of gravity? 4. Give the theorem by which the position of the centre of gravity can be determined. 5. Three levers, whose effective arms are respectively a and b, a' and b', a" and b", are combined, and sustain in equilibrio the forces R, acting at the arm a of the first and P acting at the alternate arm b" of the last: express the ratio of these forces in terms of the arms. 6. When the parts of the string which supports a running pulley are not parallel, what is the ratio of the power to the resistance? 7. What is the relation between the spaces moved over by bodies, in equal successive periods of time, under the influence of uniform forces; reckoning from the commencement of the motion? 8. What is the strict definition of the length of the pendulum? Define the centre of oscillation of a pendulum. 9. What law connects the time of oscillation of pendulums with their lengths? 10. What determines the stability, instability, or neutral equilibrium of floating bodies? 11. How do the wings of a bird at the same time support its weight in the air and propel it? 12. Prove that the air presses with a force of 14.7147lbs. on each square inch when the barometer stands at 30 inches and the thermometer at 60°, the specific gravity of mercury at that temperature being supposed 13.6. 13. State some of the experiments by which it is proved that silence will result from interfering pulses. 14. Give the formula for the focal length of a lens. NATURAL HISTORY, DR. ALLMAN. BOTANY. 1. Describe the most characteristic action of the leaves of plants on the atmosphere. 2. Define the term spongiole, and describe the office fulfilled by this part of the vegetable structure in the economy of the plant. 3. Explain, by reference to the laws of vegetable physiology, the importance of the practice of rotation of crops. 4. Enumerate the conservative and reproductive organs of plants, distinguishing the two groups from one another. QUESTIONS FOR CANDIDATES FOR EXHIBITIONS. 5. Mention the different parts found in an albuminous seed. 6. Describe the usual appearance of starch when viewed under the microscope. 7. Describe phenomena of germination, mentioning the chemical changes which take place during that process in the seed. ZOOLOGY. 1. What are the primary divisions of the animal kingdom according to the classification of Cuvier ? 2. State the leading characters of the vertebrata. 3. State the leading external and internal characters of the Ruminantia, and give examples of this order, taken from animals domesticated in the British Isles, and from such as have not yet yielded to domestication. 4. Enumerate the phases through which a lepidopterous insect passes from the egg to the completely developed condition. 5. To what order of insects do you refer the Haltica nemorum (turnip-fly), and in what phase of its developement are its ravages to be most dreaded? QUESTIONS FOR CANDIDATES FOR EXHIBITIONS. 6. Mention some examples of metamorphosis occurring in the animal kingdom besides those which have been observed in insects. 7. State the leading diagnostic characters of the following orders of birds, and give an example of each order. Raptores. Rasores. Grallatores. Natatores. 8. Mention the genus to which the true wire-worms belong, and state the period in the life of these animals when they prove destructive to the crops of the agriculturist. MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY, JAMES NICOL, F.R.S.E. 1. Explain the special objects of Mineralogy and Geology, and point out the distinction between these sciences ? 2. Name and describe some of the more important minerals forming essential constituents of rocks. 3. Give an account of the general characters of the igneous, the stratified, and the metamorphic classes of rocks, and of the peculiarities by which they are distinguished from each other. 4. What are the facts which show that the stratified rocks have been produced by the action of water? 6. Explain the mode in which soils are formed and preserved, with the manner in which the causes producing them act on rocks. 6. In what geological formations does phosphate of lime principally occur? Mention some English deposits in which it is so abundant as to be collected for agricultural purposes. 7. Give an account of the mineral composition and structure of granite; name the localities where it is found in Ireland, and describe the kind of soil formed by its decomposition. QUESTIONS FOR CANDIDATES FOR EXHIBITIONS. 1. Name the principal stratified formations found in Ireland, in ascending order; mentioning some of their characteristic fossils, the localities where they occur, and any useful substances obtained from them. 2. What are the most important post-tertiary formations in Ireland, and what influence have they had on the physical and agricultural character of the country. 3. What are the principal rocks composing the coal formation, and to what economic uses are they applied? Mention some of the more important deposits of coal in the United Kingdom. ANNO DECIMO QUARTO ET DECIMO QUINTO VICTORIÆ REGINE. CAP. LXXXVIII. An Act for Amending the several Acts for the Regulation of Attornies and Solicitors. [7th August, 1851. WE ́HEREAS, by an Act passed in the Session of Parliament held in the first and second years of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Fourth, intituled "An Act to amend the several Acts for the Regulation of Attornies and Solicitors," and which was afterwards amended by an Act passed in the third year of the reign of His said late Majesty King George the Fourth, intitutled "An Act to amend an Act made in the last Session of Parliament for amending the several Acts for the Regulation of Attornies and Solicitors," provision was made for facilitating the admission of graduates of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, and the pupils of practising barristers and of certificated special pleaders, as attornies and solicitors of the courts of law and equity, in manner and upon the conditions in the said Acts mentioned: And whereas, by an Act of the sixth and seventh years of Her present Majesty's reign, chapter seventy-three, the said recited Acts have been repealed, except so far as the attornies and solicitors of Ireland are affected thereby, but the same are still in force as regards Ireland and the attornies and solicitors of Ireland: And whereas, since the passing of the said recited Acts the Queen's Colleges of Belfast, Cork, and Galway have been founded by Letters Patent of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, under the Great Seal of Ireland, under the authority of an Act passed in a Session of Parliament held in the eighth and ninth years of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled " An Act to enable Her Majesty to endow new Colleges for the Advancement of Learning in Ireland: And whereas, by the said Letters Patent a Faculty of Law has been established in each of the said Queen's Colleges: And whereas, since the passing of the last-mentioned Act a body politic and corporate has been constituted by the Royal Charter of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, under and by the name of the "Queen's University in Ireland:" And whereas, it is expedient that certain of the provisions now in force of the said two first-recited Acts should be extended to students who have obtained or shall hereafter obtain the degree of Bachelor of Arts or the degree of Bachelor of Laws in the said Queen's University in Ireland, and to students of the University of Dublin, or of the said Queen's Colleges, who have attended and who shall attend the lectures of the Professors of the Faculty of Law, in the said University of Dublin, or any of the said Queen's Colleges: Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same. I. That from and after the passing of this Act all the provisions, regulations, conditions, and restrictions of the said two first-recited Acts now in force (as regards that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the attornies or solicitors of Ireland), for or relating to the admission and enrolment as attornies and solicitors of persons who have taken or shall hereafter take the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Laws in the University of Dublin, shall extend and be applicable to the admission and enrolment as attornies and solicitors of all persons who have taken or shall hereafter take the degree of Bachelor of Arts or the Degree of Bachelor of Laws in the said Queen's University in Ireland, as fully and effectually as if the said body politic and corporate called “ the Queen's University in Ireland" had been constituted and founded at the time of the passing of the said Acts, and had been therein named together with the said University of Dublin, and as if the degree of Bachelor of Arts and the degree of Bachelor of Laws of the said Queen's University had been in the said Acts named together with the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws of the said University of Dublin. II. That every person who, as a matriculated or as a nonmatriculated student of the University of Dublin or of any of the e |