* Flowers inferior, monopetalous, irregular, with naked seeds. 12. SALVIA. Corolla ringent; stamens with a lateral stalk. (Stem flowers in whorled spikes.)

square;

**** Flowers superior (racemose.)

7. CIRCEA. Corolla of 2 petals; calyx in 2 segments; capsule of 2 cells; seeds solitary.

* Flowers apetalous.

11. LEMNA. Corolla none; calyx of 1 leaf; capsule with 1 seed. (A simple frond floating on water, with a central root of one or more fibres, each tipped with a cylindrical cap.).

II. DIGYNIA.

13. ANTHOXANTHUM. Calyx glume of 2 valves, one-flowered; corolla glume of 2 valves, awned; seed 1. (A grass.)

1. L. vulgare, leaves elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, with a small point; flowers in dense panicles, white; berries black. Privet. Hab. Hedges occasionally, and, according to Mr WINCH, indigenous on the magnesian limestone in the county of Durham. July.

Makes a neat hedge in gardens, for which this shrub is peculiarly well fitted; since, as RAY observes, "inter omnes frutices, arbores et herbas nihil est quod in tot figuras et elegantias, effingi, flecti, aut formari tondendo queat ac Ligustrum."

6. FRAXINUS.

1. F. excelsior, leaves pinnate, leaflets serrated; flowers without calyx or corolla. Common Ash.

Hab. Woods and hedges. May.

A fine tree "far stretching his umbrageous arm," and remarkable for the manner in which the lower branches curve up at their extremities. When growing near water, it sometimes hangs down its boughs like the weeping-willow. No tree is so often met with in ruins and upon ancient

walls, probably on account of the readiness with which its winged seeds (the culverkeys of our pastoral poets) are borne by the wind. It insinuates its roots far into the crevices of these old buildings, and thereby becomes an instrument of the destruction of what affords it support. In like manner it fastens upon loose slaty rocks, and decorates them with its verdure. It is one of the latest trees in coming into leaf, and loses its leaves early in autumn. These are greedily eaten by cattle; and it ought not to be planted in parks or lawns intended for the pasture of milch cows, for they communicate a disagreeable taste to the butter. The wood is tough and valuable, being applicable to a great variety of purposes; and it possesses the very singular property of being in perfection even in infancy,-a pole three inches in diameter being as valuable and durable, for any purpose to which it can be applied, as the timber of the largest tree.

7. CIRCEA.

1. C. lutetiana, stem erect; leaves ovate, slightly toothed, opaque and downy; clusters one or more, of many small white or reddish flowers. Common Enchanter's-nightshade.

Hab. Moist shady woods or hedges. Near the Carding-mill at Wooler, Dr J. Thompson. Wooded banks below Langleyford. July.

8. VERONICA.

* Spikes terminal. Root perennial.

1. V. serpyllifolia, cluster terminal, somewhat spiked; flowers pale blue or white, with dark streaks; leaves ovate, slightly crenate, three-ribbed, smooth; capsule inversely heart-shaped, shorter than the style. Smooth Speedwell.

Hab. Pastures and road sides, particularly on a clay soil, common. May, June.

** Clusters or spikes lateral. Root perennial,

2. V. Beccabunga, leaves elliptical, flat, obtuse; stem creeping, smooth; flowers blue. Brooklime.

Hab. Ditches and water-courses, common. June July.

3. V. Anagallis, clusters opposite, flowers light blue; leaves lanceolate, serrated, acute; stem erect, smooth. Water Speed

well.

Hab. Ditches, frequent. July.

We have gathered specimens upwards of two feet in height, with leaves five inches long and an inch in breadth; while others do not exceed two inches, and have leaves proportionally short and narrow.

4. V. scutellata, clusters alternate, flowers pale flesh-colour, streaked; fruit-stalks reflexed; leaves linear, slightly indented; stem slender. Marsh Speedwell.

Hab. Bogs and sides of ditches, rare. "Below Calf-hill plentiful," Thomp. Near Mains, Berwickshire, Rev. A. Baird. July, August.

5. V. officinalis, flowers light blue, streaked, their stalks shorter than the bracteas; stigma capitate; leaves elliptical, serrated; stem procumbent; plant rough with short hairs. Common Speedwell.

Hab. Dry banks, heaths and pastures, common. May, June. In Sweden, an infusion of the leaves is much used in place of tea; but it is a sorry substitute, notwithstanding that an old Danish botanist has contended for its being the identical tea of China.

6. V. Chamædrys, stem diffuse, with a hairy line at each side; leaves ovate, sessile, rugged, deeply serrated; calyx four-cleft, lanceolate; flowers large, bright blue, very beautiful. Germander Speedwell.

Hab. Meadows, pastures and hedges, common. May, June.

* Flowers axillary, solitary. Root annual.

7. V. agrestis, stem spreading, branched; leaves ovate, deeply serrated, shorter than the flower-stalks; segments of the calyx ovate; flowers small, bright blue; seeds cupped. Field Speed

well.

Hab. Cultivated fields, very common. May-Sept.

8. V. arvensis, stem erect; leaves ovate, deeply serrated, the floral ones sessile, lanceolate, entire, longer than the flowerstalks; flowers small, light blue; seeds flat. Wall Speedwell,

Hab. On dikes capped with earth, and in dry fields, common. May.

9. V. hederifolia, stem procumbent; leaves heart-shaped, flat, five-lobed; segments of the calyx heart-shaped, acute; flowers

pale blue, streaked; seeds cupped, wrinkled. Ivy-leaved Speed

well.

Hab. Cultivated fields, very common. May.

The "Mother-of-Wheat" of our husbandmen, a name expressive of a prevalent opinion that this weed will grow freely only on soils well fitted for the cultivation of that grain.

9. PINGUICULA.

1. P. vulgaris, nectary cylindrical, acute, as long as the very irregular petal; segments of the calyx oblong; capsule ovate. (Leaves ovate, with involute margins; flowers drooping, purple, palate hairy.) Butterwort.

Hab. Marshy places, particularly on moors, common.
June.

"The husbandmen's wives of Yorkshire," saith GERARDE,
"do vse to anoint the dugs of their kine with the fat and
oilous iuyce of the herbe Butterwort, when they are bit-
ten with any venomous worme, or chapped, rifted, and
hurt by any other meanes." The Laplanders use the
leaves to make their Tætmioelk, a preparation of milk in
common use amongst them. Some fresh leaves are laid
upon a filter, and milk, yet warm from the rein-deer, is
poured over them. After passing quickly through the
filter, this is allowed to rest for one or two days, until it
becomes ascescent, when it is found not to have separated
from the whey, and yet to have attained much greater
tenacity and consistence than otherwise it would have
done.

10. UTRICULARIA.

1. U. vulgaris, spur conical, upper lip of the corolla the length of the palate, reflexed at the sides; flowers somewhat corymbose, 6 or 8, large, yellow. Greater Bladderwort.

Hab. Ditches; in the pond-field above Spindlestone. June,
July.

A very curious and interesting plant. The stems, about a foot long, lie prostrate in the water, and are beset, at regular intervals, with divided capillary leaves of a vascular structure, and armed with distant minute spines. Attached to the leaves are numerous crested vesicles of a green purple or pink colour, with an aperture closed by a valve, and having its margin armed with a few long spines. These vesicles are filled with water till it is necessary the

plant should rise to the surface, and expand its blossoms in the air. They are then found to contain only air, which again gives place to water when the plant descends to ripen its seeds at the bottom.

11. LEMNA.

1. L. trisulca, fronds stalked, proliferous, elliptic-lanceolate, thin, serrate towards the point; roots solitary. Ivy-leaved Duckweed.

Hab. Clear still waters, as in the pond at the Grieve's House.
June. O

2. L. minor, fronds obovate, flattish above and beneath; roots solitary. Lesser Duckweed.

Hab. Ponds and ditches, common. June. O

12. SALVIA.

1. S. verbenaca, leaves serrated, sinuated, rugose, the lower ones stalked; bracteas heart-shaped; corrolla narrower than the calyx, violet blue.

Wild Clary.

Hab. Grassy banks. Castle-banks, plentiful, Thomp. The same species, and not S. pratensis, as stated by WALLIS, grows sparingly near the ruin of the Abbey in Holy Island, and at Norham Castle. June. O

It is remarkable that when the ripe seeds are immersed in water, they speedily swell out to the size of peas or frogspawn.

II. DIGYNIA.

13. ANTHOXANTHUM.

1. A. odoratum, panicle spiked, ovate-oblong, (yellow in age); flowers longer than their awns, on short partial stalks. Sweet Vernal Grass.

Hab. Meadows and pastures, very common. May, June. In drying, this grass exhales the odour of Woodruff, and is one of the chief causes of the fragrance of new mead o w. hay.