The ART of RHETORIC. The Four proper TROPES.. A Metaphor, in place of proper words, Thinks otherwise than what the words declare. EXAMPLES.. 13 2 3 T. A Tide (Excefs) of Pafsion. Breath on (favour) my Enterprizes. The golden (pure, untainted) Age. 2. The Inventer is taken for the Invented; as, Mars (War) rages.. The Author, for his Works; as, read Horace, í e. his Writings. The Inftrument, for the Caule; as, his Tongue (Eloquence) defends him. The Matter, for the Thing made; as, the Steel (Sword) conquers. The Effect, for the Caufe; as, cold Death, i. e. Death, which makes cold: The Subject containing, for the Thing contained; as, the Mace (Magiftrate) comes. 3. Ten Summers, i. e. Years, have I lived under this Roof, i. e. House. Now the Year, i. e. Spring, is the most beautiful. 4. Fairly done, i. e.. fcandaloufly done. Good Boy, i. e. Bad Boy. TERMS Englished. 1. Translation. 2. Changing of Names. 3. Comprehenfion. 4. Difsimulation. Affections of Tropes.. A Catachrefis words too far doth strain Tropes improperly accounted fo. Antonomafia proper names imparts, EXAMPLES. 5. The Man, i. e. Chief, of the Flock. He threatens, i. e. promifes, a Favour. 6, He runs fwifter than the Wind, .e. very fwiftly. 7. Euphrates, (i. e. Mefopotamia, i. e. its Inhabitants) moves War. 8. Venus grows cold without Ceres and Bacchus, i. e. Love grows cold without Bread and Wine. 9. There goes Irus, i. e. a poor Man. acides, i. e. Achilles, conquered. The Carthaginian, i. e. Hannibal, won the Field. Cytherea, i. e, Venus, worshipped in the ifland fo called. The Philofopher, i. c. Ariftotle, afferted fo. The Poet, i. e. Virgil, fings Eneas. 10. I neither praife your Gifts, nor defpife them; i. e. I difpraife your Gifts, yet I accept them. 11. Flies buzz, i. c. make a humming Noife. Tantaras, i, e. Noife of Trumpets, fill the Round. TERMS Englished. 5. Abufe. 6. Excefs. 7. Participation. S. Speaking otherwife. 9. For a Name. 10. Leffening. 11. Feigning a Name. Antiphrafis makes words to disagree 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 A fhort, inftructing, and a nervous speech. Antanaclafis in one found contains 19 More meanings; which the various fenfe explains. By Place we a proper name repeat; Yet as a common noun the latter treat. EXAMPLES, 20 12. Lucus, from Lux Light, fignifies a dark thady Grove. 13. Be not fo angry; Heaven fend better News. 14. Who hates not Bavius' Verfes, let him love Mævius's; and he that loves either, let him milk He-goats. 15. You gaggle like a Goofe among the tuneful Swans. 16. Now, Cyrus, glut yourself with Blood. 17. You wath the Black-moor white, i, e. you labour in vain. 18. Niletis's Quill brought forth the Daughters of Cadmus; i. e. a Pen, made of a Reed growing by the Side of the River Nile, wrote the Latin and Greek Letters invented by Cadmus. 19. Care for thofe Things, which may discharge you of Care. 20. In that Victory Cæfar was Cæfar, i. e. a moft ferene Conqueror TERMS Englithed. 12. Contrary Word. 13. Softening. 14. Civility. 15. Detraction. 16. Bitter Taunt. 17. A Proverb. 18. A Riddle. 19. A Reciprocation. 20. Continuation. Anaphora gives more sentences one head; As readily appears to those that read. Epiftrophe more fentences doth clofe 21 22 23 24 25 With the fame words, whether in verse or profe. The fame at the beginning and the end. With what the next does for its first defign. 26 27 28 -29 21. Peace crowns our Life; Peace does our Plenty breed. 22. We are born in Sorrow, pafs our time in Sorrow, end our Days in Sorrow. 23. Juftice came down from Heaven to view the Earth; Juftice climbed back to Heaven, and left the Earth. 24. Sins ftain thy beautions Soul; forfake thy Sins. 25. Prize Wisdom; Wisdom is a precious Jewel. 26. Whether the worst? the Child accurft, or elfe the cruel Mother? The Mother worft, the Child accurft; as bad the one as the other. 27. Ah! poor, poor Swain! 28. Folly breeds Laughter; Laughter, Difdain; Difdain makes Shame her Daughter. 29. Foot to Foot; Hand to Hand; Face to Face. TERMS Englished. 21. Rehearsal. 22. A turning to. 23. A complication. 24. Repetition. 25. Reduplication. 26. A Regression. 27. Ajoin ing together. 28. A Ladder, Stair, 29. Variation of Cafe. Figures of words of like found. Paregmenon deriv'd from one recites More words, and in one fentence them unites. Paronomafia to the fenfe alludes, 31 When words but little vary'd it includes. Homoioteleuton makes the measure chime, 32 With like founds, in the end of fetter'd thyme. A Parachefis fyllables fets twice; 33 But this, except to poets, is a vice. 34 35 36 37 38 Hypotypofis to the eye contracts Things, places, perfons, times, affections, acts. Things in an opposite and diff'rent light. And words and fenfe as into balance brings. Two contraries, and fuller fense supplies. EXAMPLES. 30. I write friendly of friendship to a Friend. 31. Friends are turned Friends. 32. Chime and Rhime; as above. 33. Liberty begets Mifchief chiefly. 34. The Head is fick; the Heart is faint; from the Sole of the Foot, even unto the Head, there is no Soundnefs; but Wounds, Bruifes, and putrifying Sores. 35. Virtue may be overshadowed, but not overwhelmed. 36. A Poem is a fpeaking Picture; a Picture is a mute Poem.. 37. Truth brings Foes, Flattery brings Friends. 38. He is dead, even while he liveth. TERMS Englifhed. 30. Derived from the fame. 31. Likenefs of Words. 32. A like Ending. 33. Allufion. 34, A Representation. 35. Diferimination. 35. Changing by Contraries. 37. A Contrariety. 38. A Reconciling. B |