bone of the town. In 1799 twenty heads of lies and two single men who had been living Fairfield County, Ct., journeyed to Stamford, Y. Lafayette, N. Y., was founded in 1804 by sachusetts people from Berkshire and Hamp

OM the close of the Revolutionary War on into the middle of the ineteenth century various streams of New Englanders were pouring e Empire State. The arrows show the route pursued by different : (1) Nantucket, Mass., to Hudson, N. Y., (2) Brimfield, Mass., ymouth, Ct., to Kirkland, N. Y., (3) Fairfield, Ct., to Stamford, (4) Windsor, Vt., to Marcy, N. Y.

Counties. Eleven years later, seven Connectione New Hampshire, one Vermont and several achusetts towns had contributed of their popua to the founding of Binghamton. From Wol

cott, N. H., in 1803, thirty-eight persons went to Genesee, N. Y. They filled seven wagons and were twenty-one days on the road. Lowville in Lewis County was originally a compound of settlers from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island and Vermont. Marcellus, on the hilltop, was a blend of emigrants from Massachusetts, Vermont and Connecticut.

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The man who gave his name to Kirkland has a place of distinction among the early pioneers. Samuel Kirkland was born in Norwich, Ct., and in 1766 was ordained in the same state as a missionary to the Oneida Indians. His excellent pioneer work among them was largely obliterated by the war of the Revolution. To it, however, he returned undiscouraged in 1784, and in due time succeeded in inducing Congress to appropriate fifteen thousand dollars yearly for instructing the Indians in agriculture and the useful arts. Then he turned his attention to the needs of the white settlers, and the academy at what is now Clinton, which he started with the hope of helping to civilize the Oneidas, before long was transformed into an institution exclusively for the children of the white emigrants. Alexander Hamilton, whose assistance was greatly prized by Kirkland, was honored in the name which the academy took, and in 1812 Hamilton Oneida

Academy became Hamilton College-the first college of the New England type to be planted by New England men on their march westward. Today it is one of the important institutions of the state.

Kirkland himself possessed other qualities than those which made him a successful missionary and institution builder. He had an instinct for horticulture and brought with him on his journey from Connecticut the seeds of the apple trees for which the region is noted. The "Kirkland apple" has become a standard product. Kirkland is one of the earliest illustrations of that blending of idealism with shrewd common sense that has distinguished many New Englanders in their migrations westward.

The section around Kirkland and Clinton gives many evidences of its early relationship to Connecticut. From Middletown in the latter state, before the Revolutionary War had hardly closed, came Hugh White, who quickly purchased fifteen acres at what is now Whitestone, not far from where Utica now stands. Several other families followed him in 1785.

The community at Canandaigua was largely recruited from people who had come from New England. Its beautiful colonial church edifice, erected in 1812, is an evidence of this fact. In the organizing of a church, at first on a union basis, the influence of a

New England missionary, Rev. Samuel Williston, was marked.

At Albany, New England influence expresses itself in both town and church. Its first Congregational pastor was a New Englander of sainted memory, Rev. Ray Palmer, D.D., author of "My Faith Looks Up to Thee," and other Christian hymns. In its first building the Albany Convention, the first held by the Congregational churches of America since the colonial period, was in session Oct. 5-8, 1852. That convention imparted to the Congregational churches the sense of their national mission.

Such instances might be multiplied, but these are enough to show the molding influence of New England upon what has come to be the Empire State. When the Great Turnpike from Albany to Buffalo was completed the tide of travel naturally set more strongly from New England to New York. It is true that other streams of immigrants had their sources in lower New York, in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but New England from 1783 onward kept sending its sons and daughters to spy out the land and to locate themselves at many advantageous points. No wonder that as Timothy Dwight, early in the nineteenth century, traveled from point to point, the "pretty steeples," the houses built in "New England manner," the "sprightliness, thrift and beauty" of the

SAMUEL KIRKLAND

Born in Norwich, Conn., Dec. 1, 1741

HE laid the foundations of Hamilton College, New

York, one of the oldest educational institutions west of the Hudson. He gave his name to a town and left the influence of his fine and self-denying personality alike upon Indians and white settlers.