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INSTRUCTIONS TO PROMOTE LEGIBILITY.

33

The learner may sometimes find it convenient, in the writing of proper names and words not in common use, to be more explicit in relation to vowels, diphthongal sounds, and doubtful consonants; for which purpose the following instructions are given. They will, however, be found less necessary, as the writing and reading become more familiar, and should only be used to prevent obscurity.

RULES.

1st. As a, I, 0, are the only vowels ever used alone, they may be easily distinguished as follows,

a

i; that is, a above, I in the centre, and O below, the line of writing. 2d. At the beginning and end of words make use

of the same distinctions,

• a or e

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i or y

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3d. To show certain omitted vowels in the middle of words, place a comma over the word as follows, thus:

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4th. For diphthongal sounds place the comma under the word, as follows, for ou; and for oy.

5th. In doubtful cases, let

be made heavi- f

q er than (g)

k

Arbitrary Characters.

Enough has been already said in relation to Arbitrary Characters, and therefore a single remark must suffice. The Compiler of this work, after having learned, at great expense of memory, some hundreds of arbitrary signs, has at length abandoned the whole, except the following, The world

+Jesus Christ

× Christianity

Christian Religion

These are so very appropriate as not to be soon forgotten.

The preceding system is complete in itself, and has no dependance on the following instruction. It is, therefore, carnestly recommended that beginners have nothing to do with short hand shortened, till they are quite familiar with short hand. They may then increase their facility of writing, by adding other links to the chain of abbreviation, without weakening those which precede.

The learner will here discover no characters with which he is not already familiar; although, from the manner in which they are made and located, they receive additional powers. And, notwithstanding the instruction here given is considered quite sufficient, still, the learner may, upon the same plan, go much farther by the use of other stenographic letters above or below the line-and all this, without material encroachment upon the fundamental principles of the system; but it is no more necessary for the common stenographer, than conick sections or fluxions to the humble arithmetician.

Instructions.

1st. Make an inverted ma for him, am, most.

pfpeculiar, people, practical.
"hand, heart, how.

66 but, because, believe.

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h

66

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b

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"law, live, large.

th 1 "them, then, this.

ious" virtuous, righteous, religious.

2d. Make a horizontal touch - above the line of writing for and the, or by the; and the same touch - below

the line for in the, or of the.

3d. Make two dots above the line of writing, for for the, or from the; and the same below the line, for with the, or was the.

Remark.—When signs are placed above or below the line, to represent a word or words, they should not stand near the preceding or following words, lest they should be taken for parts thereof.

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1ST CHAP. OF Genesis.-See Plate 17.

1. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

2. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of he waters.

3. And God said, Let there be light: and here was light.

4. And God saw the light, that it was good. nd God divided the light from the darkness. 5. And God called the light Day, and the larkness he called Night. And the evening and he morning were the first day.

6. And God said, Let there be a firmament in he midst of the waters, and let it divide the vaters from the waters.

7. And God made the firmament, and diided the waters which were under the firmanent, from the waters which were above the irmament: and it was so.

8. And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the seond day.

9. And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and et the dry land appear: and it was so.

10. And God called the dry land Earth; and he gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.

11. And God said, Let the earth bring forth rass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit-tree fielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in tself, upon the earth: and it was so.

12. And the earth brought forth grass, and

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