is held up to the wheel. A small stream of water is kept continually running on the glass, to prevent its getting too hot. Friction, or the rubbing of one thing against another, produces heat. 26. "The process of making glass is very curious, and the articles made are very beautiful. One of these days you shall go with me to a glass manufactory. 27.Salt is formed from sea water, which has, as you know, a salt taste. It is pumped into shallow pans, or reservoirs, and evaporated by the heat of the Water is said to be evaporated when it is dried up, or taken away, by the air. The water in time passes off, and leaves the salt at the bottom. This is afterwards boiled, skimmed, purified, and dried. sun. 28. "In many parts of our country there are springs of salt water, a great way off from the sea. Salt is made from the water of these springs in the same way as from that of the sea. Salt is also dug out of the earth, in a solid form, in many parts of the world. This is called rock salt. 29. "Thus, my dear Lucy, I have told you all about the breakfast table, and the various objects upon it. I hope you will remember it." 66 30. "I will try to, mother." 31. "And now, I want to make one or two remarks upon what we have been talking about. I wish you to form the habit of reflecting, as well as of observing; that is, I want you to think about what you see, and hear, and read. You will notice that the articles of which we have spoken have come from all parts of the world. The tea is from China, the coffee from Java. the sugar from the West Indies, the mahogany from Honduras, the table-cloth from Europe. 32. "And you will also notice that a great number of persons have helped to prepare our breakfast, and our breakfast-table furniture, for us. The iron of which the knives are made, for instance, was first dug out of the earth by miners; then it was melted in a furnace by firemen; then it was converted into steel by another set of workmen; then the steel was made. into blades, and fitted into the handles by cutlers. 3 33. "And so of the table-cloth. First we have the farmer to raise the flax, the workmen to prepare it to be manufactured, the men and the machines to spin and weave it, and the ship and the sailors to bring it to this country. Indeed, if all the people who have directly and indirectly helped to get our breakfast for us were brought together, they would form a small village. 34. "This is one of the advantages of living in what is called a state of civilization; that is, a state in which we have laws, and books, and trades, and arts, and sciences, and agriculture, commerce and manufactures. In such a state each works for all, and all work for each. Had you been a little Indian girl, your breakfast would have been a bit of broiled fish, a handful of parched corn, and some water out of a gourd." 35. "Mother, I am very glad I am not a little Indian girl." 36. "That is just what I was coming to, my dear child. I want you to be not only glad, but grateful to God, who has caused you to be born in a situation where you enjoy so many blessings; where you can have convenient and comfortable clothing, and abun dance of healthy food, and schools to go to, and books to read." 37. "And a dear good mother, who tells me every thing I want to know," said Lucy. 1. WE were crowded in the cabin; staggered ăn chored 6 2. 'Tis a fearful thing in winter 3. So we shuddered there in silence, 4. And as thus we sat in darkness, A 5. But his little daughter whispered, Just the same as on the land?" 6. Then we kissed the little maiden, 1 SHATTERED. Broken into many pieces, shivered, rent. 2 BREAKERS. Waves of the sea which are broken violently by rocks, a sand-bank, or the shore. 3 CHEER. State or temper of mind. XLVI.-INDIANS AND WHITES IN NEW ENGLAND. vil'laģe 1 chim'ney tom'a-hâwks 3 ca-nôeş' 44 de-spătched' S dâugh'ters 1. THE country in which we now live was not always inhabited' by white men and women. We are descended from people who came over from Europe in vessels, and took possession of the country, and built houses, and founded towns and villages. They are called our ancestors. 2. They had to do a good deal of work, and suffer many hardships, coming as they did into a rough wilderness, where they were obliged to cut down trees, and clear away the ground, before they could have any gardens and fields to cultivate. Our life is a very easy one, compared with theirs. 3. Virginia and Massachusetts are the first two states B that were settled by white men from Europe. The first town founded in Virginia was Jamestown, in 1608. Jamestown is now deserted.3 4. The first settlement in Massachusetts was made at Plymouth, in 1620. The men who then came to Plymouth are styled the Pilgrim Fathers; they landed on a rock which is called Plymouth Rock. Many persons go down to Plymouth to see this rock, and the places where these good men lived. 5. When our ancestors came to this country, they found it occupied by a race of people called Indians, having a reddish or copper-colored complexion, and straight, black hair. They lived in huts called wigwams, dressed in the skins of animals, and supported themselves principally by hunting and fishing. 6. The history of New England, for the first hundred years after its settlement, is full of accounts of fightings with Indians, and of white men, women, and children, who were taken by them and led away into captivity. Every boy and girl in those days grew pale when the name of the Indians was mentioned; and if, in the woods or fields, any strange noise was heard, it was supposed to be the footstep of an approaching savage. 7. Our young readers can hardly imagine how dif ferent New England was at that time from the New England of to-day. The settlements, or villages, were few in number, and mostly on the sea coast; and in the interior, in going from one to another, the people were obliged to travel through the woods by a bridlepath, or find their way by marks cut upon trees. Many families lived in solitary houses, where their nearest neighbor was many miles distant. 8. Every man went armed. The farmer carried his |