St. Andrews, bishop of, invites Edward the First to interfere in
the affairs of Scotland, ii. 70.

St. Bernard, the opponent of Abelard, iv. 460, 465.

St. Canute (see Canute IV.) projects the invasion of England, i.
121; sedition of his armament, 122; his death, 123, and note.
St. Columba, founds a monastery in Ireland, in the sixth century,
i. 281.

St. Dominic, or Domingo, one of the first ministers of the inqui-
sition, i. 444, note.

St. Francis, founds an order of preaching friars, v. 105,

St. Jago, in Gallicia, number of pilgrimages to, from England,
in 1434 and 1445, iii. 138.

St. Leger, Sir Thomas, married to duchess of Exeter, sister of
Richard the Third, iii. 481; revolts against Richard; is taken
and executed, ib.

St. Patrick introduces Christianity, and the use of letters, into
Ireland, i. 278; his birth place, ib. note.

St. Severe, marshal, a French commander under Joan of Arc at
the siege of Orleans, ii. 557.

Saintrailles, Poton de, a French commander under Joan of Arc
at the siege of Orleans, ii. 557.

Saints, lives of, early written in verse, iv. 306.

invocation of, in the Catholic church, v. 51.

Saladin, captures Jerusalem, takes the cross from the temple, and
treats it with indignity, i. 298, and note; made governor of
Alexandria, and soldan of Egypt, 347; raised to the dignity of
caliph, 348; possesses himself of the kingdom of Syria, and
takes Jerusalem from the Christians, 349; receives the first
check to his conquests at Tyre, from which he is expelled by
Conrad of Montserrat, 371; his character, ib.; his hatred of
Christianity, 373; his cruelty, 374; assists the besieged gar-
rison of Acre, ib.; receives knighthood from Enfridus de Turo,
ib. note; defeated by Richard I. near Jaffa, 382; again de-
feated by Richard, and makes peace with him, 390; his death,
391.

Salisbury, Earl of, sent by Richard the Second from Ireland to
oppose the projects of Henry of Lancaster, ii. 323: plots against
Henry, and is put to death, 349.

Earl of, appointed warden of the west marches, &c. iii. 182;
espouses the cause of the duke of York against Somerset, 184;
defeats the royal army at Bloreheath, 200; retires to Calais,
after the dispersion of the Yorkists at Ludlow, 204; marches
to London with Edward, son of the duke of York, and the earl
of Warwick, 209; beheaded after the battle of Wakefield, 219.

Earl of, defeats the French army at the battle of Crevant,
ii. 490; commands the siege of Orleans, 512; his death, 515.
John of, attacks the scholastic philosophy, iv. 474.
Sancho, king of Navarre, submits his dispute with Alphonso, king
of Castile, to the arbitration of Henry the Second, i. 299, note.

Sanforde, Sir Brian, joins the earl of Richmond, iii. 518.
Sanguin, the Turkish chieftain, his character, i. 346.

Sanson de Nanteul's proverbs, early specimens of Anglo-Norman
vernacular poetry, iv. 213.

Santre, William, burnt for heresy in the reign of Henry the
Fourth, ii. 353.

Sarkiom, the ancient Norwegian name of the Moors, ii. 4, note.
Savage, Sir John, his assistance promised to the Earl of Rich-
mond, iii. 510; joins him before the battle of Bosworth Field,
518; killed in Bretagne, iv. 67, note.

Saxons of Germany, subdued and civilized by Charlemagne, i. 11;
their distress in consequence of the invasion of the Hungarians,
i. 20, note.

the, invade England, i. 5.

Saxony, reduced into a province, and divided into eight bishop-
ricks, by Charlemagne, i. 11, note.

Say, Lord, beheaded by the insurgents under John Cade, iii. 84.
Lord, slain at the battle of Barnet, iii. 299.

Scales, Lord, collects a navy to assist Somerset to obtain posses-
sion of Calais, iii. 204; attempts to defend London against the
Yorkists, under the earl of Warwick, 208; beheaded by the
Yorkists, 212; prevents an invasion by Queen Margaret, 252.
Scholastic logic, defects of, iv. 483.

philosophy, the history of, iv. 445.

Scone, the celebrated stone of, sent to Westminster by Edward
the First, ii. 81.

Schools for teaching Latin, &c. established throughout England,
iv. 156.

Scot, Michael, his acquaintance with the Arabic mathematical
sciences, iv. 382.

Scotch, their character in the eleventh century, i. 96, note; their
character in the twelfth century, i. 199, note; their ruinous de-
feat at the battle of the Standard, 204.

Scotland, its deficiency in trees accounted for, ii. 295.

the king of, refuses to do homage to Stephen for his Eng-
lish demesnes, i. 200; invades England against Henry II. de-
feated, and becomes a feudatory of the English sovereign, 296;
attends the coronation of Edward the First, ii. 57.

its union with England projected by Edward the First, ii.
67; the parliament of, assemble at Norham at his desire, 70;
Baliol made king of, 74; submits to Edward I. after the defeat
and capture of Baliol, 81; liberated by William Wallace, 89;
falls again under the dominion of Edward, 98; Robert Bruce
causes himself to be crowned king of, 101.

-Scrop, Henry le, conspires against Henry the Fifth, ii. 394.
Scythians, their customs, i. 19, note.

Seaton, Sir Christopher, taken prisoner and beheaded, ii. 111.
Seiffeddin, succeeds his father Sanguin as king of Moussoul, i. 346.
Sentmort, Lord, attainted by Richard the Third, iii. 493, note. ́.

history and character, 353; imprisoned in the Tower by the
duke of Gloucester, 416; released, and promoted by him, 433;
his hesitating and ambiguous conduct towards Richard the
Third, 516; joins the earl of Richmond in the battle of Bos-
worth Field, 525; created earl of Derby, iv. 53.
Stephen, Earl of Blois, proceeds for the crusades, i. 335.

son of the earl of Blois, on the death of Henry I. obtains
the crown of England, i. 197; his popularity, 199; pacifies
Geoffry of Anjou, the husband of Matilda, ib.; hostilities of
his subjects against him, 200; attempts to seize the count of
Gloucester, 203; grants Matilda a safe conduct to Bristol, 205;
taken prisoner by the earl of Gloucester, and confined in Bristol
castle, 207; exchanged for the count of Gloucester, and restored
to the crown, 209; is attacked by Henry, the son of Matilda,
with whom he enters into an amicable compromise, ib.; his
death, 210; effects of his reign, ib.

Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, supports the pretensions of
Edgar Atheling to the English throne, after the death of
Harold, i. 82; makes his submission to William the Conqueror,
85; deposed by William, 104.

Stirling, besieged and taken by Edward the First, ii. 95.
Stoke, battle of, between Henry VII. and the partizans of Simnel,
iv. 65.

Stoke, R. rector of Braybroke, preaches against the popish doc-
trines, iii. 127.

Strange, Lord, son of lord Stanley, deputed to command his father's
forces against the earl of Richmond, iii. 516; confesses his
father's secret designs against Richard the Third, 517; nar.
rowly escapes being beheaded, 521.

Straw, Jack, one of the leaders of the insurrections in the time of
Richard the Second, ii. 256, note.

Strongbow, Richard earl, enters into a treaty with Dermod king
of Leinster to invade Ireland, i. 290; marries Dermod's daugh-
ter, 294, note.

Suavi, the, of Suabia, their contests with the Franks, i. 8.
Sveno Tiuffveskeg, king of Denmark, his labours to promote the
improvement of his kingdom, i. 31; Adam of Bremen's cha-
racter of, ib. note; his history, 100 and note; encourages the
cultivation of literature and the spread of Christianity in his
dominions, 103.

the Danish prince, surprized with his comrades by the
Turks, and destroyed, i. 340, note.

Svetovid, the god of the sun and war, an idol of the Slavi, i. 36,

note.

Suffolk, the young earl of, killed at the battle of Agincourt, ii, 456.
Earl of, appointed to command the siege of Orleans on the
death of the earl of Salisbury, ii. 516; forced to raise the siege
by Joan of Arc, 572; defeated by her at Jargeau, 578; be-

comes the favorite of Henry the Sixth, iii. 34; procures the
king's marriage with Margaret, daughter of the duke of Anjou,
35; created Marquis of Suffolk, 37; raised to the dukedom, 4.1;
his unpopularity, 47; causes the arrest of the duke of Glou-
cester, 48; suspected to be the author of his death, 50; and
also of an attempt on the life of the lord Cromwell, 59; charac-
ter of his administration, 60; defends himself before parliament,
63; is impeached, 65; exiled, 69; his letter to his son, 70,
note; killed on his passage to France, 72; his character, 73.
Supernatural fictions of Europe, iv. 292.

Surrey, Earl of, commands with his father, the duke of Norfolk,
in the battle of Bosworth Field, iii. 519.

Suspension in the air, a habit to be learnt, v. 110.

Swart, Martin, heads a body of Germans to support the claims of
Simnel to the English throne, iv. 65; defeated and slain at the
battle of Stoke, 67.

Sweating sickness, its first appearance in England, iv. 54, note.
Sweden, its progress in civilization in the eleventh century, i. 32;
state of, from the eleventh to the fourteenth century, ii. 6.
Swedes, their character, i. 33.

Sylvester II. pope, studies the sciences under the Arabians in
Spain, and teaches them in other countries, iv. 376.

Symeon, patriarch of Jerusalem, solicits aid from the European
Christians against the Turks, i. 319.

Syria, conquered by the Mohamedans, i. 302, note.

T.

Taileur, William, a priest, preaches against the popish doctrines
and customs, iii. 127.

Talbot, Lord, joins the duke of Suffolk at the siege of Orleans,
ii. 516; forced to retreat by Joan of Arc, 573; defeated and
taken prisoner by her at the battle of Patay, 581; liberated by
the French king, 582; killed in Gascony, iii. 172.

son of lord Talbot, killed at the battle of Northampton,
iii. 211.

Sir Gilbert, joins the earl of Richmond with the forces of the
earl of Shrewsbury, iii. 514; commands at the battle of Bos-
worth Field, 522.

Tancred, King of Sicily, embarks for the crusades in the train of
Bohemund, i. 334; adjusts his disputes with Richard the First,
367.

Tartar tribes, invade Europe, i. 5.

Tartars, their custom when defeated, i. 40, note.

Templars, Knights, abolition of the order, and the alleged reasons,
ii. 163, note.

Tenchebray, the battle of, between Robert duke of Normandy and
his brother Henry I. i. 179.

Tewkesbury, the battle of, iii. 310.

Thabet ben Corah, the Arabian philosopher, his celebrity, iv. 392.
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, his death, i. 232.

an early writer of Anglo-Norman vernacular poetry, iv. 207.
Theodoric, the Ostro-Gothic king of Italy, a favourer of letters,
iv. 121.

Themoria, or Teagh Mor, an ancient Irish city, i. 280, and note.
Tin, first found in Germany, i. 439, note.

Tocot, Sir Roger, attainted by Richard the Third, iii. 495, note.
Togrul Bey, chosen king of the Turks, i. 306.

Tokig, son of Wiggod, slain in assisting William the Conqueror,
in a personal rencontre with his son Robert, i. 120, note.
Tosti's (the brother of Harold,) two sons, Skuli and Ketill, retire
to Norway after their father's death, i. 82.
Tournaments, their origin and use, i. 469.

Towton, the battle of, iii. 228.

Tracy, William de, conspires to kill Thomas à Becket, i. 266.
Transubstantiation, the doctrine of, introduced into the Catholic
creed, v. 65.

Tresham, once speaker of the house of commons, murdered, iii. 165.
Tretelgia, (wood cutter,) the name given to a Swedish king on
account of the forests he felled to promote agriculture, i. 33,

note.

Trevisa, Nich. specimen of his English style, v. 449.

Trial at battle, between Henry of Lancaster and the duke of
Norfolk, preparations for, ii. 315.

Triglaff, the idol of the Slavi at Jomsberg, i. 36, note.
Trinity, the doctrine of, early disputes respecting, v. 23.
Tripolis, taken by the crusaders, i. 344.

Tristrem, Sir, account of the romance of, v. 240.

Trivium and quadrivium, the terms which comprised the sciences
of the middle ages, iv. 173.

Trollope, Sir Andrew, joins the Yorkists at Calais, iii. 201; goes
over to the Lancastrians, 203; killed at the battle of Towton,
230.

Troubadours, the provençal poets, pervade the southern pro
vinces of France in the twelfth century, i. 216; distinguished
from the Trouveurs, ib. note; patronised by Henry II. ib.;
celebrate Eleanor his queen, 217; one of their moral lays,

v. 140.

v. 255; spirit and subjects of their poetry, 256; favored by
queen Eleanor, 262; their courts of love, 263; two kinds of
troubadours, 269.

Trouveurs, the minstrels so called, distinguished from the trou-
badours, i. 216, note; advantages derived from their writings,
iv. 311.

Troyes, treaty of, ii. 466.

Turks, their singular custom when defeated, i. 40; their
rise in Siberia, 305; conquer Tartary, and enter Hungary, ib.;
establish the kingdom of Gazna, in Persia, and extend it