to India, 306; adopt the religion of Mohamed, ib.; choose
Togrul Bey for their king, who is succeeded by his nephew
Alp Arslan, 306; their successes against the Christians of
the east under Alp Arslan and his successor Malek Shah, 307;
their conquests divided into four kingdoms, 308; their holy
war against the Christians, ib.; menace Constantinople, 310;
their character, ib.; endanger Christianity, ib.; besiege Vienna
in 1683, 312; Christianity delivered from their assaults by the
crusades, 313; under the command of Solyman, defeat the first
crusaders under Walter the Pennyless, 327; defeated by the
crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon with the loss of Nice, 335;
their destructive use of the bow, 336, note; defeated again at
the battle of Doryldun, 337; lose Antioch, 339; and Jerusalem,
with great slaughter, 342; their fortunes begin to revive, 346;
take Jerusalem from the crusaders, 349; their prosperity under
Zinghis Khan and Timour, 353; [their defeat by gen. Die-
bitsch in 1829, 354;] deprived of the city of Tyre by the cru-
saders, 370; besieged in Acre, and lose the city, 374; defeated
by Richard the First under Saladin, near Jaffa, 382; defeated
a second time by Richard, 390; progress of the Turkish power
ii. 41.
Turpin's History of Charlemagne, an early romance, iv. 243;
probably written by Pope Calixtus the Second, 251.
Tuscany, its republics, ii. 39, note.

Tyler, Wat, heads an insurrection in Kent, ii. 255; marches to
London, 256; killed in Smithfield, 259.

Tyre, taken from Saladin by Conrad of Montserrat, i. 371.
Tyrrell, Walter, supposed to have shot William Rufus, i. 166;
escapes to France, ib.

Sir James, one of the murderers of Edward the Fifth and
the Duke of York in the Tower, iii. 456; his confessions re-
specting the murder, iv. 69; executed for treason, 90.

U & V

Umfreville, Sir Gilbert, his humane and noble conduct towards
some French prisoners, ii. 366.

Unprovided class of society, v. 93..

Upsal, in Sweden, the shocking idolatry practised there, i. 32,
and note.

Urban, Pope, his cause supported in England by Anselm, i. 155;
acknowleged pope by William Rufus, 157.

II. pope, recommends the crusades, i. 314, note, 320.
Utrecht, the see of, founded, i. 47, note.

Vacarius, Roger, abbot of Bec, teaches the Roman law in Eng-
land in the twelfth century, i. 222, note.

Valencia, the Mohamedan king of, seeks the friendship of Henry II.
by rich presents, i. 299, note.

Vandals, the, invade Spain, i. 5:

Vaudois. See Waldenses.

Vaughan, Sir Thomas, chamberlain to prince Edward at Lud-
low, iii. 351; arrested by Gloucester and Buckingham, 383;
beheaded, 428.

Venetians, the, obtain settlements at Constantinople, ii. 38.
Venice, its early commercial celebrity, ii. 26; its progress, 45.
Vernueil, the battle of, ii. 491.

Vesey, La dame de, punished for abusing the favor of Edward
the Second, ii. 137.

Victor III. pope, endeavors to arrest the progress of the Moha-
medans in Africa, i. 319.

Vienna besieged by the Turks in 1683, i. 312.

Vikingr, the Scandinavian sea kings, invade Russia, and settle at
Novogorod and Kiow, i. 38, and note.

Virgin Mary, devotion to her, v. 45-8.

Vladimir, the Great, introduces Grecian architects into Russia in
the eleventh century, ii. 13, note; increases the influence of the
clergy, ib.; introduces Christianity into Russia from Greece,
i. 39, note.

Voladimir, made a capital of Russia, ii. 15.

W.

Wace, his historical poems, early specimens of Anglo-Norman
vernacular poetry, i. 60; iv. 185. 215; translates Jeffry's
British History, 222.

Wagri, a branch of the Slavi tribe, i. 34, note.
Wakefield, the battle of, iii. 217.

Waldemar, king of Denmark, takes Jomsberg, the city of the
Slavi, i. 36.

II. extends the kingdom of Denmark, but afterwards loses
his conquests thro his personal misconduct, ii. 5.

III. increases the importance of Denmark, ii. 6.

Waldenses, their derivation from the Paulicians, v. 128; their
religious opinions, 131; their persecution, 135.

Wales, its conquest by Edward the First, ii. 58; advantages of
its union with England, 64.

Wallace, William, rouses the Scotch to arms against Edward the
First, ii. 83; his character and origin, 84; kills the sheriff of
Lanark, 86; obtains a signal victory over the English troops
under the earl of Warenne, 88; assumes the title of governor
of Scotland, 89; his troops defeated in a disastrous battle at
Falkirk, by Edward I. in person, 92; causes of his failure, 94;
refuses to submit to Edward, but is betrayed into his hands,
96; executed in London for high treason, his head exposed on
London Bridge, and his límbs sent to Scotland, 97.
Walter Sans-avoir, leads the first body of crusaders, i. 324;
killed in an engagement with the Turks, 327.

Waltheof, the Anglo-Saxon, unites with the Danes in their inva-
sion of England, i. 101; submits to the government of William,
103; obtains the county of Northampton, 112; joins the con-
spiracy of the Norman barons against William, 114; betrayed
by his wife, and beheaded, 116, and note; miracles ascribed
to his tomb, ib. note.

Walworth, mayor of London, kills Wat Tyler in Smithfield, ii.
260.

Warbeck, Perkin, his pretensions to the English crown, iv. 67;
hanged at Tyburn, 75.

Warenne, earl of, defeats the Scottish army at the battle of Dun-
bar, ii. 80; appointed governor of Scotland, 81; sent to oppose
William Wallace, 87; defeated by Wallace at Stirling, ii. 88.
Warwick, Earl of, appointed the tutor of Henry the Sixth, ii. 506;
empowered to chastise the king, 507; his unfeeling conduct
towards Joan of Arc, 595; supersedes the Duke of York in the
command of Normandy, iii. 25; created duke of Warwick, 42;
espouses the cause of the duke of York against Somerset, 200;
made captain of Calais, 189; gains a splendid naval victory,
197; retreats to Calais after the dispersion of the Yorkists at
Ludlow, 204; lands an army in Kent, and marches to London,
206; defeats the king's forces at Northampton, 210; defeated
by the queen's forces at St. Albans, 220; takes umbrage at
the proceedings of Edward the Fourth after his marriage, 245;
marries his daughter to the duke of Clarence, against Edward's
wishes, 248; conspires to dethrone him, 249; takes him pri-
soner, but releases him, 257; is reconciled to Edward, ib.;
resumes hostilities against him, 259; retreats to France, and
joins the party of Queen Margaret, 261; lands in England,
and leads a large army against Edward, 269; releases Henry
from the Tower, 272; defeated and slain at the battle of
Barnet, 296.

Earl of, son of the duke of Clarence, placed in the Tower
by Henry the Seventh, iv. 50; beheaded, 76.

Wat Tyler, heads the insurrection against Richard the Second,
ii. 255: killed by Walworth, 260.

Waterloo, the battle of, its consequences, i. 22.

Welsh, their condition and character in the thirteenth century,
ii. 58; their subjugation by Edward the First, ib.; under
Owen Gwynedd, surprise and defeat the English forces under
Henry the Second, i. 231.

Wenlock, Lord, killed by the duke of Somerset at the battle of
Tewkesbury, iii. 335.

Wentworth, Sir Thomas, commands a fleet to watch the move-
ments of the earl of Richmond in Bretagne, iii. 489.
Westminster Abbey, begun by Henry the Third, i. 440.
Westmorland, Earl of, killed at the battle of Towton, iii. 228.
White companies of France, their origin and character, ii. 224.

Wicliffe patronised by John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, ii. 263;
effects of his proceedings, 272; his followers persecuted by
Henry the Fourth, 364; appointed by Edward the Third am-
bassador to the pope, iii. 106; writings against his doctrine,
138; his remarks on the Fryars, v. 167; history of his writings
and opinions, 174; his Trialogus, 181; analysis of, 185; per-
secuted for his opinions, 194; translates the scriptures into
English, 195; supported by the duke of Lancaster, ib.; his
death, 198; his opinions spread in Bohemia, 200; adopted by
John Huss and Jerome of Prague, ib.; specimens of his
English style, 447.

Wicliffites, their books burnt, ii. 470.

Willebrod, preaches Christianity at Utrecht, i. 47, note.
William the Conqueror, his motives for invading England, i. 75;
defeats Harold at the battle of Hastings, 77; asserts a legal
claim to the English crown, 78; his cautious measures after
his victory, 79; his progress facilitated by the dissensions of
the English, 80; receives the fealty of the people of Kent, 83;
encamps at Wallingford, 84; his negotiations to conciliate the
English nobles, ib.; invited to ascend the throne, 85; his sus-
picious temper, 87; his coronation, and the outrage attending
it, ib.; whether he obtained the throne by conquest or election?
ib. note; evil consequences of the conduct of his followers at
his coronation, 88; his liberalities, 89; conciliates the English
people, ib.; builds fortifications to overawe his subjects, ib.;
founds the abbey of Battle on the site of his victory, go, note;
returns to Normandy, 91; evils and discontents occasioned by
his absence, 92; conspiracies formed against him, 93; returns
to London, 94; takes vigorous measures to put down the rebel-
lion of the English chiefs, 95; William of Malmsbury's apology
for his excesses in suppressing the rebellion of his English
subjects, 97, note; desolates Northumbria in revenge of the
encouragement given to the Danish invasion, 102; the severe
sufferings of his army in their march to the south, 103, and
note; introduces important changes in the English clergy, 104;
applies to the study of the English language, ib.; his perfidious
conduct towards Edwin and Morcar, 105; employs a witch to
endeavour to vanquish Hereward le Wake, 109; receives
Hereward into favour, and grants him his patrimonial inheri
tance, 110; invades Scotland, and obtains the submission of
Malcolm, 111; his liberal treatment of Edgar Atheling, ib.;
his distribution of the English territories amongst his followers,
112; his depression of the natives after his complete subjugation
of the country, 113; conspiracy formed against him in England
by the Norman barons, 114; the rebellion of his son Robert in
Normandy, 117; wounded in a personal rencontre with him,
120; menaced with an attack from St. Canute, king of Den-
mark, 121; averts the danger by bribery, 122; provoked by a

.

jest of Philip the First of France to burn the town of Mante, 123;
receives a severe and fatal injury during the conflagration, 124;
his remorse on his death bed for the cruelties he had com-
mitted in England, 125; confers the dukedom of Normandy
on his son Robert, ib.; despatches his son William to take
possession of the English crown, ib.; bequeaths his son Henry
5,000 pounds of silver, ib.; issues orders for the release of all
state prisoners, 126; his death, ib.; his body deserted by his
attendants, 127; interruption of, and disgusting circumstances
attending his funeral, ib. and note; his person and character, 218;
his game laws, ib. note; his conduct towards the pope and
clergy, 130; his feudal donations, 132; encourages the build-
ing of castles, 133; in his settlement of England, retains
the chief of the ancient laws and customs of the country, 134;
humanely provides for the diminution of slavery, ib.; his con-
quest of England not unfavourable to liberty, 137; improve-
ments produced by it, 138; whether he appointed the cur-
few? 139; his survey of England, as recorded in the Domesday
Book, 140.

William, II. wounded in an engagement against the forces of his
brother Robert in Normandy, i. 120, note; his filial attachment
rewarded, 121; sent by his father, while on his death bed, to
take possession of the kingdom of England, 125; obtains the
crown of England, 141; successfully repels the invasion of
Robert his brother, 144; makes peace with him, 145; his
character, 146; his romantic voyage to Normandy, ib.; curious
instances of his chivalrous spirit, 147; his arbitrary measures
after the death of Lanfranc, 150; appoints Anselm to the see
of Canterbury, 151; his difference with him, 152; his gross
impiety, 155, note; sequesters Anselm's lands and property,
157; his designs upon Normandy, 158; successes over the
Welsh, ib.; makes peace with Malcolm, king of Scotland, 159;
his temper, ib.; his extravagance, ib.; attempt to compel a
Jew who had embraced Christianity to return to Judaism, 163;
his death, 165; doubts of its author, 166.

son of Robert duke of Normandy, made earl of Flanders,
i. 182; endeavours to gain Normandy, 184; his death, 182, note.
son of Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, and of the
daughter of Henry the Second of England, the founder of the
house of Brunswick, ii. 10, note.

de Pratelles saves Richard the First from being taken by
the Turks, i. 385, note.

count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine, the earliest trouba-
dour, and ancestor of Eleanor, queen of Henry I. i. 217, note.
de Conchis, studies natural philosophy from the Arabians,
iv. 382:

2

of Warenne, appointed governor of Norwich castle, i. 115,

note.