father: whence they were adored in the Myfterics under fymbols, by which, not only genuine religion, but even common decency, was most scandaloufly outraged d.

d De origine fuperftitionis phallicæ, a famofo quodam libello, non minus impio quod ad fidem Chriftianam, quam fpurco et impudico quod ad bonos mores attinet, prorfus diffentio. In hoc fcilicet libello, phalli myfteria ad univerfæ naturæ vim genialem paffim referuntur: mihi vero contra ad diluvium omnino pertinere videntur; ficut enim Arcæ vulva, ita Noaci phallus erat fymbolum. Inter Tyrrhenos igitur five Lydos, Pelafgorum focios, necnon inter Indos, Hierapolitanos, atque Corybanticos, invaluere quædam fabulæ, unde apertè liquet myfteria phallica eadem effe quæ myfteria Cabirica five archica.

"Apud Timotheum non ignobilem theologorum virum," verba funt Arnobii, " necnon apud alios æque doctos, fuper magna deorum matre, fuperque facris ejus, origo hæc fita "eft, ex reconditis antiquitatum libris et ex intimis eruta, "quemadmodum ipfe fcribit, infinuatque myfteriis. In Phrygiæ finibus inauditæ per omnia vaftitatis petra, inquit, eft quædam, cui nomen eft Agdus, regionis ejus ab indigenis fic "vocata: ex ea lapides fumptos, ficut Themis mandaverat præcinens, in orbem mortalibus vacuum Deucalion jactavit "et Pyrrha ex quibus cum cæteris et hæc, Magna quæ di"citur, informata eft Mater, atque animata divinitus."-Reliqua pars fabulæ minimè patet, donec infortunium Agdeftidis narrat Arnobius. "Fit, ut infolita re (nempe vino) victus,

Agdeftis foporem in altiffimum deprimatur. Adeft ad infi"dias Liber, ex fetis fcientiffimè complicatis unum plantæ in"jicit laqueum, parte altera proles cum ipfis genitalibus occu"pat: exhalata ille vi meri corripit fe impetu, et adducente. nexus planta, fuis ipfe fe viribus, eo, quo fuerat, privat sexu." (Arnob. adv. Gent. lib. v. p. 157.) In hac fabula quanquam

The Pelafgi are faid by Herodotus to have

intereffe quoddam Agdeftidi Liber videtur, nihilominus Agdeftis ifte deviratus procul dubio eft Attis five Bacchus. Hinc redte Clemens: Τον Διονυσον τινες Αττιν προσαγορευεσθαι θελουσιν, AIAOINN EXTEPHMENON. (Cohort. ad Gent p. 16.) Hinc etiam Ovidius:

Deque viro fias nec fœmina, nec vir, ut Attys,

Et quatias molli tympana rauca manu.
Ibis, ver. 455.

Hinc idem Clemens : Ταυτα οἱ Φρυγες τελεσκέσιν Ατλιδι, και Κυ Ceλy, xaι KopoCaon. (Cohort. p. 13) Sicut igitur Agdeftis five Attis Noacus, ita Cybelè magna mater five Arca. Vocula autem Agdeftis vel Agdus eft Ag-Dus, deus Oceani; lapifque Agdus, nihil aliud quam cubus archæi Mercurii.

Valent etiam apud Indos eadem myfteria phallico-archica. Inter diluvium fcilicet To Yoni, five vulva, formam navis Arghæ, (hoc eft Arcæ Noëticæ,) fertur induiffe, Lingam interea five Phallo mali officium fibi vindicante. (Afiat. Ref. vol. vi. p. 523.) Notandum eft Phallum Maha-Devæ, qui Ofiris vel Noacus folaris procul dubio eft, facrum in primis haberi; (Maur. Ind. Ant. vol. ii. p. 158, 166.) unde in facello fpeluncæ Elephanticæ apud Bombaiam fymbolum hoc impurum adhuc videre licet. (Ibid. p. 156.) Hinc evenit, ut Maha-Deva Noëticus, in tabellis Indicis, media nave Argha haud raro fefe erigat, vicefque mali aut ithyphalli ipfe gerat. (Afiat. Ref. vol. vi. p. 523.)

Eadem necnon myfteria apud Hierapolitanos invaluere; famaque crebra pervulgata fuit, quod quidem animadverfione eft præcipuè dignum, a Baccho feu Noaco fuiffe inftituta in perpetuam Deucalionis diluvii memoriam. Τα δε προπυλαία του ίρου, ες ανέμον Βορέην αποκεκρίνται, μέγεθος όσον τε έκατον οργυιέων. Εν τούτοισι τοις προπυλοισι και οι φαλλοι ἔτασι, τες Διονυσος ετήσαίο, ηλικίην και οίδε τριηκοσίων οργονεων. -Ες τουτέων τον ένα φαλλον ανηρ έκασου ετεις δις ανέρχεται, οίκεει τε εν ακρῳ τῳ φαλλῳ χρονον ἑπτα ἡμετ ρίων. Tot nempe dies inter fingulos ex arca columbæ volatus

inter

formerly occupied Samothrace, and to have

interfuerunt. - Αλλοισι δε δοκέει και ταδε Δευκαλίωνος είνεκα ποιεί παι, εκείνης ξυμφορης μνήματα, έκοτε οἱ άνθρωποι ες τα ερέα και ες τα περιμήκεα των δενδρέων ῄεισαν, το πολλον ύδωρ ορρωδέοντες. (Luc. de Dea Syra, fect. 28.) In Hierapoli ædes fuit celeberrima Dea Syræ, a Lydo Attide Rheæ dicata; Attis fcilicet orgia Phrygibus, Lydis, et Samothracibus, tradidit: alii vero fe perfuafos habuerunt a Semiramide conditum fuiffe templum, matrique Derceto dicatum. (Ibid. fect. 14, 15.) Hæc autem Derceto five Rhea, ficuti jam antea monftravimus, Venus eft marina, id eft Arca Noëtica; Semiramifque, columba. Bene ergo docet Hefychius ; Σεμίραμις, περιτερα ορειος.

Quoniam igitur phallica fuperftitio a diluvio originem duxit, apud myfias veneratione habita eft maxima arca quædam, veretrum Bacchi continens, haud aliter quam navis Argha phallum Maha-Devæ. Hanc nefandam idololatriam fecum in Hetruriam tulerunt facerdotes Corybantici. Καβείρους δε τους Κορυβαντας καλούντες, και τελευτην Καβειρικην καταγγέλλεσιν αυτώ γαρ δη τετω τω αδελφοκτονω, την κιςην ανελομένω, εν ή το το Δια ονυσον αιδοιον απεκειτο, εις Τυρρηνίαν κατηγαγον, ευκλεούς εμποροι φορ τις κανταύθα διετρίβετην, φυγαδε οντε, την πολυτίμητον ευσέβειας δια δασκαλίας, αιδοία και κίσην, θρησκεύειν παραθεμένω Τυρξηνοις. (Clem. Alex. Cohort. ad Gent. p. 16.)

Hæc Phalli myfteria, tefte Herodoto, primum apud Graios inftituit Melampus, Bacchi five Noaci honoris caufa: ipfo nempe Melampo a Cadmo, Phoenicibufque, initiato. Orgia autem phallico-Cabirica prius nota erant Pelafgis, quam in Græciam fefe contulerunt Egyptiaci Hellenes. Έλλησι γαρ म Μελάμπους ετιν ὁ εξηγησάμενος το Διονύσου τούνομα, και την θυσίην, και την πομπην του φαλλού.- πυθεσθαι δε μοι δοκεει μάλιςα Μελαμ πως τα περι τον Διονύσον παρα Καδμου τε του Τυρίου, και των συν αυτ τω εκ Φοινικής απικομένων ες την νυν Βοιωτίαν καλεομένην χωραν. Του δε Ερμεω τα αγαλματα ορθα έχειν τα αιδοία ποιεύντες, ουκ απ' Αι γυπτίων μεμαθήκασι, αλλα απο Πελασγών, πρωτοι μεν Ελληνων ἁπαντων Αθηναίοι παραλαβοντες, παρα δε τετων άλλοι. Αθηναίοισι γας δη

την

there established the myfteries, which they

μεω,

τηνικαύτα ες Ελληνας τελεουσι Πελασγοι συνοικοι εγενοντο εν τη χώρη ὅθεν περ και Έλληνες ήρξαντο νομισθηναι· όσις δε τα Καβείρων όργια μετ μύηται, τα Σαμοθρηϊκες επιτέλεσσι λαβοντες παρα Πελασγών, έτος ώνηρ οι δε τα λεγω. Την γαρ Σαμοθρηϊκην οίκεον πρότερον Πελασγοι ὗτοι, τον περ Αθηναίοισι συνοικοί εγένοντο, και παρα τούτων Σαμοθρηϊκες τα όργια παραλαμβανεσι. Ορθα ων έχειν τα αιδοια ταγαλματα του Ερα Αθηναίοι πρωτοι Ελληνων παρα Πελασγών μαθόντες, εποιησαντο. Οἱ δὲ Πελασγοι ὗρον τινα λόγον περί αυτού έλεξαν, τα εν τοισι εν Σαμο Θρηϊκη μυτηρίοισι δεδηλωται. (Herod. lib. ii. cap. 49, 51.) Mercurius ifte ithyphallicus, ab Herodoto memoratus, idem eft qui Maha-deva, Ofiris, Bacchus, Attis, Priapus, Baal-Peor, et BaalBerith; unde τe Baal-Berith, five domini federis, (fcilicet No tici,) non minus quam aliorum numinum Cabiræorum, fymbolum fuit phallus. (Talm. Hier. fol. xi. col. 4.)

In ipfa etiam Anglia adhuc fuperfunt quædam phallicæ Hyperboreorum fuperftitionis veftigia. Primo fcilicet die Maii, per vicos Britanniæ haud paucos, circa perticam terræ infixam, quam Græci φαλλον nuncupant, tripudiare folent puella, juvenefque ruftici, vulgi interim hilari circumftante corona. Ab Indis autem, Ægyptiis, et Druidibus, hic ipfe dies myfteriis phalli helio-archicis æque fuit dicatus: tunc enim temporis Sol conftellationem fubit Tauri, qui divo Arcæ magno, five Yupiter, five Maba-Deva, five Bacchus, five Ofiris fit nuncupatus, ubique facer habitus eft; veterefque mythologi, qui aftro. nomiam idololatriæ nunquam non mifcebant, in medio cœlo taurum archæum lucentemque Solem una conjunctos viderunt (Maur. Ind. Ant. vol. vi. p. 87. et infra.)

Denique, quoniam Cabiri funt dii architæ, quoniamque myfteria phallica myfteriis Cabiricis per omnem terrarum orbem funt conjuncta; quoniam infuper Bacchi, Ofiridis, five Noaci, honoris caufa inftituta fuit phallophoria; quoniamque tandem, cum apud Phrygas, Corybantas, et Tyrrhenos, tum præcipuè apud Indos, et Hierapolitanos, ad Noacum atque Arcam Phallum et vulvam pertinere omnino liquet myfteria

certè

afterwards, in conjunction with the Tyrrheni, carried into Italy. Hence the term Cafmilus, the Samothracian title of Mercury, was well known to the ancient Etrurians; hence alfo we have every reafon to fuppofe, that the names of those, who conducted the expedition of the Pelafgi and the Lydians into Italy, would be fragments of the old facred dialect of Samothrace; and hence we shall have no reafon to be furprized, if we find the whole country replete with appellations allufive to the united worship of the Sun and the Ark. Accordingly Tyrfenus is Tor-San-Nus, the helio-tauric Noah'; Tarchon is Tor-Chon, the priest of the bull; Attis is At-Es, the burning Sun ; Telephus is Tel-Oph, the folar ferpent; Augè is Auga, the oceanic Ark; and her imaginary mother Neëra, who was defcended from Arcas, is Nera, the marine Arkh. In a fimilar manner, the Etrurian city Perufia is P'Eres

certè antiqua phallica five Bacchi, five Ofiridis, five Attidis, five Maha-Devæ, five Cabirorum, ad diluvium, ut videtur, jure funt referenda.

e Herod. lib. ii. cap. 51.

f Hence Jupiter or the Sun is called Zan; Zar, Zevs. Hefych. Our own word Sun is the fame ancient term. Zan or San appears to be a contraction of As-On, the folar orb.

g Apollod. Bibl. lib. iii. cap. 9.

b From the fame radical Ner we may alfo deduce Nereus. i Strab. Geog. lib. v. p. 226.