exhibition on earth, and patriotism beyond the power of gold to tempt from duty, wrought deliverance for the czar and ruin to the invader. The retreat from Russia fills an awful page in history, compared with which the accounts of the most bloody battles are as idle romances. Weakened and rendered desperately powerless by this tremendous recoil of destruction upon the destroyer's head, nothing remained for Napoleon as the allied forces of three kingdoms were traversing France and investing Paris, but abdication and exile. With a demeanor which bespoke him unconquered by adversity, Napoleon departed to Elba, only to pause a moment preparatory to his last, his closing struggle. His departure from the island-his enthusiastic reception by the armies and people of France-the retreat of the Bourbons from a throne on which they had scarcely been seated-the Hundred Days of Napoleon's renovated power,-and his exertions to regain the balance of empire in the battle of Waterloo, pass before the mind with the rapidity of the closing scenes in the development of a thrilling tragedy.

After his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon made an unsuccessful appeal to the chambers assembled at Paris to put once more the strength of the nation in his hands that he might retrieve his fortunes. Lafayette was one of the committee who bore to this warrior monarch the refusal of the chambers, and the indications that France no longer acknowledged his authority. This intelligence was received without emotion. A throne gained or lost could not move the proud repose of a spirit like Napoleon's.

We pass rapidly over succeeding events, and visit the terror of world' on the lone rock at St. Helena. Here, he appears to have borne his reverse and downfall with a philosophy which did not fail him until sickness subdued his spirit. He received distinguished strangers who sometimes made the pilgrimage of the southern ocean to witness worldly grandeur in eclipse, wiih affability and serenity. Byron has thus sung his admiration of perhaps a soul kindred to his own, unbending under the wreck of every earthly hope :

-Well thy soul hath brooked the turning tide,

With that untaught, innate philosophy,
Which, be it wisdom, coldness, or deep pride,
Is gall and wormwood to an enemy.

When the whole host of hatred stood hard by,
To watch and mock thee shrinking, thou hast smiled
With a sedate and all enduring eye;

When fortune fled her spoiled and favorite child,
He stood unbowed beneath the ills upon him piled.

Captain Basil Hall, one of these visiters, describes Napoleon's appearance as noble and prepossessing in the extreme. This was the last year of his life and at a time when common report in Europe represented him as pining away in sickness. But as his end approached he felt and expressed that he was no longer the Napoleon of other years. His sister Pauline sent him a physician and two priests of the Roman church from Italy. He died on the 5th of May, 1821—the day after a tremendous storm of rain and wind on the island which had not ceased at the moment when the conqueror of a world was engaged in his last delirious struggle with a mightier conqueror than himself.

GENERAL RICHARD MONTGOMERY,

THE American revolution developed characters of such sterling merit that the grave and the forgetfulness of death should not be permitted to conceal them from a posterity which have the most substantial reasons for remembering ancestral virtue with emotions of gratitude. The calm equanimity of peace would never have called into view the stern, yet magnanimous qualities of the patriot soldier ;-war only, as horrible and dreadful s it is, has power to reveal the energy of the brave in full glory. The field, therefore, in every age when taken in the sacred cause of human right, and in the spirit of freedom, has been the pathway to an enviable distinction-and many a warrior whose duty has led him to an untimely grave has gathered a fresher and more enduring garland of reputation than a long life of civic virtue and labor might have gained him. Yet, it cannot be denied that a fictitious and seductive splendor has been associated with deeds of chivalrous daring irrespective of the principles which may have prompted to action.

But Richard Montgomery was a man whose whole soul was put into his action, after a full and warm-hearted persuasion that what he purposed was morally right-and, on the whole, conducive to the largest amount of beneficence. Happy for young America in her cloudy morning and in the fierce struggle for national existence. that her cause presented so much of the aspect of suffering and oppressed innocence as to attract to her tearful standard a spirit so brave and generous as was Montgomery's!

Born in Ireland, and blessed with the lofty and patriotic education of the most favored class, he entered the army at an early age and learned the art of war under the accomplished generals of those times. He was sent to America some years before the commencement of the revolution in the capacity of a captain of the British Grenadiers; but, in 1772, three years before the war, he quitted the service of his king, and became a beloved citizen of a nation that was then pluming its wings for an eagle flight. Shall it be said that love, the gentlest yet strongest of passions, rather than the impulses of republicanism, swayed him in this crisis of his life? Be it so it was an honor even to Montgomery to love the beautiful and sweetly accomplished being to whom he surrendered his noble heart and received one in return tenderly sensible to his manly graces and devoted to his welfare. He married the daughter of Judge Livingston of the state of New-York-and thus, as a member of one of our most respectable and patriotic families, he became a favorite son of America, too soon, alas, to write the certificate of his citizenship in his own blood!

The successful attempt of Colonels Arnold and Allen on the British post at Ticonderoga indicated the future plan of procedure in relation to the Canadas. It was determined to put down all English authority throughout the continent. The brave Montgomery and Schuyler were appointed to this service, and Colonel Waterbury's regiment of the Connecticut line and two regiments of New-York militia were reviewed in the city of New-York and destined for the northern campaign. One corps of

this small army was commanded by the late veteran Col. Marinus Willet. The entire force consisted of about three thousand men.

On the arrival of the troops at Albany, the sole command devolved on Montgomery, as Schuyler was detained in an important Indian negotiation. The army reached Ticonderoga August 21, 1775-were overtaken by General Schuyler at the Isle La Motte, who assumed his allotted share in the command and made a successful landing at Isle aux Noix. From this post every onward step in their progress was doomed to be a contested one. St Johns, a fortified post in the British Canadas, was the first spot where Montgomery began to redeem his farewell pledge to his amiable and affectionate wife. The last words she heard him utter were-you shall never blush for your Montgomery.

A column of one thousand men was detached in boats from the Isle aux Noix, and, landing opposite St. Johns, marched to storm the formidable redoubts. They were received with a destructive cannonade from the fort, and encountered a numerous body of Indians in ambush. Finding their enterprize nearly hopeless, instead of attempting to storm the fortress they threw up a breastwork as if to commence a long drawn system of reduction, and immediately retreated to the Isle aux Noix. Such was the state of General Schuyler's health that he was compelled to leave the army, and once more the entire command of this important expedition reverted to Montgomery. On the 17th September the American force left the island and opened a battery against St. Johns—