courage. He was a double traitor. He had quarrelled with Miantinimo, chief sachem of the Narragansetts, to whom he was tributary, and had placed himself under the colonial government for protection. When the war began, he joined Philip, and became, next to him, the most dreaded of the Indian warriors. He was slain by a party of Dedham and Medfield people, July 25, 1676. Fifty of his band were made prisoners, but he, refusing to be taken alive, was slain raging like a wild beast. The death of Philip, eighteen days after, soon brought this destructive war to a close.

The last of the aborigines in Dedham were Alexander Quabish and Sarah his wife. Sarah died in 1774, at the house of Mr. Joseph Wight. She was interred in the old Indian burial-place, about half a mile from Mr. Wight's house, at the foot of Wigwam hill-the last person there deposited. The funeral was attended by Rev. Mr. Haven. Alexander died at Natick, or Needham, in 1776.

A large oak tree now stands in East street, in front of Mr. Avery's dwelling, which is 16 feet in circumference, near the bottom of the trunk, and is doubtless much older than the town. By it we are forcibly reminded how strong and stately stood his old companions of the forest. This tree is carefully and deservedly cherished by its owner. It is stated that $70 was offered for it for timber, to have been used in the construction of the United States ship Constitution; but the proposals were rejected. It is of noble growth; and long may it stand the monarch-tree of Dedham! The drawing for the above engraving was taken in the month of April, and of course was seen without its foliage.

The present village of Dedham is well built, and, including Connecticut Corner, contains upwards of 125 houses. Nearly all of them are two stories in height, and mostly painted white. Dedham is the shire town of Norfolk county. The court-house is situated on a beautiful green of more than two acres, and sur

rounded with a railing. This edifice contains an area of 98 feet by 48, and has at each end a projection of 10 feet from the main body of the building, with a pediment resting on 4 doric pillars of granite, which are nearly 21 feet high, and 3 feet 10 inches in diameter at the base. The material of the building is hewn, white granite, from a quarry 8 miles west of it. This is probably the best imitation of the models of antiquity in the country; in which strength, durability, and just proportions are happily united. The architect was Mr. Samuel Willard, of Boston. Near the court-house are two Congregational churches, (one of them Unitarian,) and 4 near the south-west part of the town, (2 of which are Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Baptist.) The Dedham Bank has a capital of $150,000. Here are 12 stores, 2 hotels, a fire insurance company, and 3 newspaper presses. There are in this town 2 cotton factories, 3 paper-mills, a woollen mill, with 7 sets of machinery, which in 1837 manufactured 91,102 yards of cloth, valued at $204,000; males employed, 75; females, 75; and 1 establishment for making lead pipe and pumps. A number of these are situated on "Mother's Brook," which is an artificial canal, of 3 miles in length, which conducts about one third of the waters of Charles river into the Neponset river. This canal, as appears by the records of the town, was excavated in 1639, (only about four years from the commencement of the settlement,) for the purpose of forming good mill-sites. This is, undoubtedly, the first canal ever made in the country, and is no inconsiderable proof of the energy and wisdom of the early planters. In 1837, there were manufactured 7,175 pairs of boots, and 18,722 pairs of shoes, valued at $32,483; the value of chairs and cabinet ware manufactured, $21,250; the value of silk goods manufactured, $10,000; value of straw bonnets, $20,000; value of marble paper and cards, $18,000. Population, 3,532. Distance, 26 miles from Taunton, 35 from Worcester, 35 from Plymouth, 30 from Providence, R. I., and 10 from Boston.

On the north-west corner of the court-house square, on the Boston road from Dedham, is a granite pillar, about five feet in height, which was once the pedestal to a column erected in honor of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, and surmounted with his bust. The column and bust are now gone, but on two sides of the pedestal is the following inscription:

ON THE NORTH SIDE.

The pillar of Liberty erected by the sons of Liberty in this vicinity.

Laus Deo. Regii et Immunitat m autoribusq. maxime Patronus Pitt qui Rempub. rursum evulsit faucibus Orci.

ON THE WEST SIDE.

The Pillar of LIBERTY to the honor of William Pitt, Esqr. and other patriots who saved AMERICA from impending slavery, and confirmed our most loyal affection to King George III. by procuring a repeal of the Stamp Act, 18th March, 1766.

Erected here July 22d, 1766, by Dr. Nathaniel Ames, 2d, Col. Ebenezer Battle, Major Abijah Draper, and other patriots friendly to the Rights of the Colonies at that day.

Replaced by the Citizens July 4, 1828.

In all the wars in which the country has been engaged, Dedham has furnished its full proportion of money and soldiers. In King Philip's war (as already mentioned) and the two French wars, the town lost a good number of men, who died of sickness in the camp or fell in battle. A number from the town engaged in the expedition against Havana, none of whom returned, and a considerable number served at the long and memorable siege of Louisburg, Cape Breton. At the commencement of the Revolution the inhabitants were unanimously opposed to the oppressive measures of the British ministry. Town meetings were frequently held, and many patriotic resolutions are found on the records. In Jan. 1774, the town voted," that they heard, with infinite pleasure the determination of other colonies to prevent tea from being used to enlarge the British revenue in the colonies; and as so many political evils are brought about by the unreasonable liking to tea, and it is also so baneful to the human constitution, that if any shall continue to use it, while the act creating a duty thereon is in force, we shall consider it as a flagrant proof of their hostility to the liberties of the country and of their own stupidity." At the reception of the news of the Lexington massacre, all the militia of the town forthwith repaired to the scene of action. In the war which succeeded, the town furnished upwards of 100 men, who served either in the regular continental army, or who in the state service performed military duty in one or more distant campaigns.

Of the many eminent men who have lived in Dedham, are the following: Major Eleazer Lusher, came into the town with Mr. Allin, and maintained an eminent rank among the founders of the town, directing and taking the lead in all the most impor tant affairs of the plantation. He was a representative to the general court, and a number of years, from 1662, an assistant. The following couplet was frequently repeated by the generation which immediately succeeded him.

"When Lusher was in office, all things went well,

But how they go since, it shames us to tell."

Capt. Daniel Fisher, one of the first settlers, was much employed in public business, in the several offices of deputy to the general court, speaker of that assembly, and assistant, in which office he died. He was a hater of tyranny, and was one of the four members of the general court against whom Randolph, the agent of James II. in the colony, exhibited articles of high misdemeanor to the lords in council. Capt. Daniel Fisher, 2d, inherited the spirit of his father, and was also much employed in the various affairs of the town. When Sir Edmund Andross was seized by the Bostonians on Fort Hill, he surrendered and went unarmed to Mr. Usher's house, where he remained under guard for some hours. When the news of this event reached Dedham, Capt. Fisher instantly set out for Boston, and came rushing in with the country people, who were in such a rage and heat as to make all tremble. Nothing would satisfy the country party but binding the governor with cords, and carrying him to a more safe place. Soon was Capt. Fisher seen among the crowd, leading the pale and trembling Sir Edmund by the collar of his coat back to Fort Hill. History has informed us of this incident in that revolution, but never told who took the lead of the country people, and who had the honor of leading the proud representative of a Stuart prince, the oppressor of the colony, through the angry crowd, and placing him in safe custody at the fort.

The Hon. Fisher Ames, LL. D., was a native of this town. This civilian, eminent for his talents and oratory, graduated at Harvard college, in 1774. He not long afterwards studied law in

Boston. The affairs of the Revolution drew his attention to politics, and he became conspicuous by his speeches in the convention of his native state, on the adoption of the federal constitution. He was chosen a member of the first congress, after the organization of the general government in 1789, and for eight successive years was one of the most distinguished members of that body. He held the first rank among his countrymen and contemporaries, in strength and splendor of endowments, lofty eloquence, a profound acquaintance with the science of government, and an enlightened and ardent patriotism. His health then failed, and he withdrew from public life. The lustre of his character, however, continued undiminished. His retirement was adorned by uncommon amiability, modesty, and simplicity of manners, and the virtues of an enlightened and exemplary Christian. He died July 4th, 1808. His writings, prefaced by a memoir of his life, were published in one volume 8vo. 1809.-Lord's Lempriere's Dict.

DORCHESTER.

THIS town was one of the oldest in the old Massachusetts colony, it being settled and incorporated in 1630. Its original limits were very extensive, comprehending the present towns of Dorchester, Milton, Stoughton, Sharon, Canton and Foxborough. In the beginning of 1630, a Congregational church was gathered at Plymouth, England, of persons who intended to come to North America, in order to enjoy civil and religious privileges. After a day of fasting and prayer, they chose Rev. John Warham, a celebrated preacher at Exeter, and Rev. John Maverick, to accompany them as their ministers. They set sail on March 20th, and arrived in the Mary and John at Nantasket on May 30th, where Captain Squeb, the master of the vessel, put them on shore, notwithstanding his engagement was to bring them up Charles river. Here they were left in a forlorn wilderness, destitute of any habitation, and most other necessaries of life." Several of the company having procured a boat, they proceeded to Charlestown, where they found several wigwams, a few English people, and one house with an old planter, who could speak the Indian language. Ascending Charles river, until it became narrow and shallow, they landed their goods "at a well watered place," with much labor," the bank being steep." This place, according to tradition, was in Watertown, near where the U. S. Arsenal now stands. At night they had notice that 300 Indians were encamped near them; being alarmed, they sent their interpreter to inform the Indians of their pacific intentions, and to request that they would not molest them. The whole number of the English did not exceed ten. The next morning some of the natives appeared at a distance; and one of them holding out a bass, a man was sent with a biscuit, which the Indian received in exchange for it. After

this introduction, the natives were very friendly, and furnished the English with fish, giving a bass for a biscuit. The company that were left at Nantasket during the absence of those who went to Watertown, finding out a neck of land joining to a place called Mattapan by the Indians, that was a fit place to turn their cattle upon, with less danger of straying, sent for their friends to return. They all accordingly repaired to this place, and commenced a settlement about the first of June. They named the place Dorchester, "because several of the settlers came from a town of that name in England, and also in honor of Rev. Mr. White of Dorchester."

"The first inhabitants of Dorchester came chiefly from the counties of Devon, Dorset, and Somersetshire. They were a very godly and religious people, and many of them persons of note and figure, being dignified with the title of Mr., which but few in those days were. Some of the principal men were Mr. Rossiter, Mr. Ludlow, Mr. Glover, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Smith, Mr. Gallope, Mr. Hull, Mr. Stoughton, Mr. Cogan, Mr. Hill, Capt. Southcote, Capt. Lovell, Mr. Duncan, Mr. Pinney, Mr. Richards, Mr. Wey, Mr. Williams, and Mr. Tilley. Among them came also Capt. Roger Clap, a very worthy, religious gentleman, then a young man. It seems that many of these people were trading men, and at first designed Dorchester for a place of commerce. Accordingly they built a fort upon Rock-hill, wherein were several pieces of ordonnance, near the water side; but the channel being poor, and the landing difficult, and Boston and Charlestown harbour being far more commodious, they desisted from that design, and many of them removed afterwards to Boston and other places; so that many families about in the country had their first rise from Dorchester.

"These first settlers set down pretty thick together at the northerly end of the town, next the aforesaid neck of land, and on the easterly side near the sea.

"The two first years were spent in working themselves into settlements, and incorporating into a body to carry on the affairs of the plantation; in granting parcels of land and meadows, some to each family; their homesteads being their own option. The many great straits and difficulties with which they met, are thus pathetically described by Captain Clap: 0 the hunger that many suffered, and saw no hope in the eye of reason to be supplied, only by clams, and muscles, and fish. We did quickly build boats, and some went a fishing; but bread was with many a scarce thing, and flesh of all kind as scarce. And in those days, in our straits, though I cannot say God sent a raven to feed us as he did the prophet Elijah, yet this I can say to the praise of God's glory, that he sent not only poor ravenous Indians, which came with their baskets of corn on their backs to trade with us, which was a good supply unto many; but also sent ships from Holland and from Ireland with provisions, and Indian corn from Virginia, to supply the wants of his dear servants in this wilderness, both for food and raiment. And, when people's wants were great, not only in one town, but divers towns, such was the godly wisdom, care and prudence (not selfishness, but self-denial) of our governour Winthrop and his assistants, that when a ship came laden with provisions, they did order that the whole cargo should be bought for a general stock; and so accordingly it was, and distribution was made to every town and to every person in each town as every man had need. Thus God was pleased to care for his people in times of straits, and to fill his servants with food and gladness. Then did all the servants of God bless his holy name, and love one another with pure hearts fervently.'"

Dorchester is agreeably diversified by hills and valleys, and the soil is generally rich and highly cultivated. Its fertile hills present beautiful building sites, commanding a fine prospect of the islands and waters at the head of Massachusetts Bay. The roads in this township are numerous and crooked, but mostly level and kept in good repair. Many fine country-houses and substantial farm-houses are thickly arranged on their sides. Perhaps "no section of our country, of its size, is better cultivated, and no where is the union of wealth with rural felicity more complete."