314 The Song of Solomon-The Book of Job.

'The Song of Solomon,' or 'Song of Songs' (that is, the most excellent of songs), is supposed by some to have been composed for Solomon's marriage with Pharaoh's daughter; or, as the language seems rather to suggest, with a maiden of northern Palestine. It is full of 'the simple, genuine sentiment of delight in nature,' which we might expect from one who was such a student of nature as Solomon (1 Kings iv. 33). Some regard it as purely allegorical, giving a picture of the union between God and His people; or forecasting the union between Christ and His Church.

These, with the Book of Job, and the Psalms, make up what are commonly known as 'the poetical books' of the Bible d. As to the date and authorship of the former, there has been much difference of opinion, but its general tone is that of the age of Solomon. Its subject is the course of God's providence; the question how far in this world good is rewarded, and evil is punished; and it contains intimations of a future life, in which all that is now perplexing will be made clear, and the perfect justice of God will be vindicated (Gen. xviii. 25).

There are two books of the Apocrypha, which are later imitations of the works of Solomon; those called 'The Wisdom of Solomon,' and 'Ecclesiasticus,' or 'The Wisdom of Jesus the son of Sirach.'

• The other name, Canticles,' is taken from the Latin title, 'Canticum Canticorum.'

d They are called in Greek 'Ayıóypapa. Lamentations' is sometimes added to them; and also other books, which are not 'poetical' in the same sense. (For the principle of Hebrew poetry, see Part I, p. 19.)

The Book of Psalms contains what we should call lyrical poems.' Proverbs and Ecclesiastes are 'didactic'; that is, they convey instruction in the form of poetry. There is no strictly 'dramatic poetry' in the Bible, but the Book of Job and the Song of Solomon approach this in form.

INDEX.

Abdon, one of the judges, 42, 43.

Abel, death of Sheba at, 238, 239.

Abiah, son of Samuel, 88; perverts judgement, 90.

Abiathar, son of Ahimelech, 141; escapes from massacre, 144;
chief priest, 200; joins Adonijah, 250, 251; deposed and
banished, 260.

Abigail, Nabal's wife, 148; becomes David's wife, 150.

Abimelech, king rather than judge, 3; usurpation of, 26-29; retri-
bution on, 32, 33; death of, 34, 35.

Abinadab, ark placed with, 84, 192.

Abishai, with David at Hachilah, 152, 153; wishes to kill Shimei,
220, 221; rescues David, 240.

Abner, Saul's uncle, 95; brings David to Saul, 128; with Saul at
Hachilah, 150; reproached by David, 154, 155; makes Ish-
bosheth king, 178; kills Asahel, 180; rupture with Ish-bosheth,
182; makes overtures to David, 182, 183; assassinated by Joab,
184-186; David's lament over, 186, 187.

Absalom, his revenge on Amnon, 212; retires to Geshur, 212;
prepares for rebellion, 212; made king at Hebron, 214; goes
to Jerusalem, 214; seizes David's concubines, 220; rejects
Ahithophel's advice, 221-223; anointed king, 222; pursues
David, 222; his defeat and death, 224-227; David's mourning
for, 230.

Achish, king of Gath, 140; David's refuge with, 140-143; gives
Ziklag to David, 156; dismisses David, 158.

Adoni-bezek killed by Judah and Simeon, 6.

Adonijah, attempts usurpation, 250, 251; takes sanctuary, 256, 257;
spared by Solomon, 258, 259; renews designs, 258; put to
death, 260.

Adoram, death of, 304, 305.

Adullam, position of, 142, 143; David hides there, 142, 143;
political use of the word, 142, 143.

Agag, king of the Amalekites, 114, 115; spared by Saul, 114-118;
slain by Samuel, 118.

Ahiah, the high priest, consults oracle for Saul, 110, III.
Ahijah, the prophet, predicts disruption, 298.

Ahimaaz, David's spy, 222; brings news to David, 228-231.
Ahimelech, priest at Nob, 138, 139; gives David shewbread and
sword, 140, 141; slain by Doeg, 144; son of Abiathar, 199, 200;
chief priest, 200; reference to, by Joab, 203.

Ahinoam, David's wife, 150.

Ahithophel, Absalom's counsellor, 214; frustrated by Hushai, 222,
223; his suicide, 222, 223.

Aijalon, Philistines pursued to, 112, 113.

Amalekites, join in Moabite attack, 6; join Midianites, 16; smitten
by Saul, 114, 115; inveterate hostility to Israelites, 115; sack
Ziklag, 158; defeated by David, 158.

Amasa, Absalom's general, 222; made captain of host by David,
231, 232; assembles men of Judah, 234, 235; assassinated by
Joab, 236, 237.

Amathus, story of, 47.

Ammonites, join in Moabite attack, 6; oppression by, 34, 35;
defeated by Jephthah, 36, 37; defeated by Saul, 100, 101; de-
feated by David, 198; Rabbah, their capital, besieged, 202; and
captured, 210.

Amnon, outrage by, 212; assassination of, 212.

Anarchy in time of judges, 4.

Anointed as a title, 103.

Anointing, ceremony of, 255.

Anthem, meaning of, II.

Antigone compared with Jephthah's daughter, 39.

Araunah, his meeting with David, 248, 249.

Aristaeus, story of, 47.

Aristides, Samuel compared to, 103.

Ark, at Ashdod, Gath, and Ekron, 82; taken to Beth-shemesh, 84;
to Kirjath-jearim, 84; separated from tabernacle, 85; sent back

to Jerusalem by David, 218; placed in Temple, 280-283.

Aroer, Ammonites defeated at, 36, 37.

Artillery, meaning of, 137.

Asahel, slain by Abner, 180.

Ashdod, ark taken to, 82; same as Azotus, 83.

Asherah, meaning of, 17.

Ashtaroth, goddess of Zidonians, 34, 35.

Ash-Wednesday, meaning of, 81.

Askelon, capture of, 6; temple of Aphrodite at, 171.

Attestation, manner of, 67.

Baal, god of Zidonians, 34, 35.

Baal-berith, house of, 28, 29, 32.

Baale, same as Kirjath-jearim, 192, 193.

Baal-zebub, Philistine god, 57.

Baanah assassinates Ish-bosheth, 188.

Bahurim, position of, 183; Shimei at, 220; spies concealed at, 222.
Barak, leads force against Jabin, 8; meaning of name, 9; song of,

10-17.

Barzillai the Gileadite joins David at Mahanaim, 222.

Bath-sheba, wife of Uriah, 202, 203; married to David, 204; death
of her child, 208.

Bedan, same as Barak (?), 17; or Samson (?), 57; mentioned by
Samuel, 104, 105.

Beeroth, town of Gibeonites, 189.

Belial, children of, 96, 97.

Benaiah, captain of guard, 200; executes Adonijah, 260; com-
mander-in-chief, 260; executes Shimei, 260.

Benjamites, war of, 4.

Beth-car, Philistine fortress, 88.

Beth-el smitten by house of Joseph, 6.

Beth-lehem, Samuel visits, 120; David's native place, 120, 134.
Beth-shan, Saul's body rescued from, 168.

Beth-shemesh, ark taken to, 84.

Bezek, captured, 6; Israelites numbered at, 98.

Boaz, his character, 65; his kindness to Ruth, 66; acts as 'goel,'
66, 67; great-grandfather of David, 66.

Bochim, meaning of, 6.

Cabul, meaning of, 288.

Caecina, stratagem of, 21.

Caleb, Hebron captured by, 6.

Canaanites, defeat of, 12-15.

Captivity, meaning of, 81.

Carmel, Saul's memorial at, 116, 117; Nabal lives at, 148, 149.

Caves as hiding-places, 17.

Champions, combats of, 127.

Chariots of iron, 9, 109.

Chemosh, god of Moabites, 35.

Cherethites, meaning of, 159; David's guard, 200, 217.

Chimham, son of Barzillai, 232, 233.

Chronicles, books of, 308; authorship of, 308; special purpose of,
308, 309.

Chushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia, 6; meaning of name, 7.
Civilis, story of, 217.

Civil war, first instance of, 5.

Covenant between David and Jonathan, 133.

Cressy, battle of, 13.

Cushi reports Absalom's death, 230.

Dagon, god of Philistines, 35, 55; temples of, 55-57; destruction

of, 82.

Danites, migration of, 4.

Darius commends monarchy, 27.

David, anointed by Samuel, 120; meaning of name, 121; sent to
Israelitish camp, 121, 122; accepts Goliath's challenge, 122,
124; slays Goliath, 126; friendship with Jonathan, 128, 129;
exposed to Saul's jealousy, 130; Michal given him, 130; escapes
by her aid, 130, 131; joins Samuel, 130; pursued by Saul, 130,
132; covenant with Jonathan, 132; hides from Saul, 132;
warned by Jonathan, 136; goes to Nob, 138; meeting with
Ahimelech, 138-140; eats shewbread, 140; takes refuge with
Achish, 140-143; hides at Adullam, 142, 143; his parents in
Moab, 144, 145; moves to forest of Hareth, 144; rescues
Keilah, 146; retreats to Ziph, 146; hides at Hachilah, 146;
pursued to Maon, 146; spares Saul's life at En-gedi, 146, 148;
refused help by Nabal, 148; takes Abigail as his wife, 150;
spares Saul at Hachilah, 150-153; reproaches Abner and Saul,
154, 155; given Ziklag by Achish, 156; makes raid on neigh-
bours, 156, 158; suspected by Philistines, 158; defeats Amalek-
ites, 158; his statute about booty, 158, 160; kills Amalekite
messenger, 170-173; laments over Saul and Jonathan, 172–177;
made king at Hebron, 176; his reign there, 178; his lament
over Abner, 186, 187; executes assassins of Ish-bosheth, 188;
transfers capital to Jerusalem, 190; brings up ark to Jerusalem,
192-195; his wish to build Temple, 198; his foreign wars, 198,
199; his religious, civil, and military organization, 200, 201;
his sins of adultery and murder, 202, 203; rebuked by Nathan,
204, 205; his repentance, 206, 207; death of his child, 208-211;
captures Rabbah, 210; his family troubles begin, 212; retires
from Jerusalem, 214–219; at Mahanaim, 222; mourns for Ab-
salom, 230, 231; returns, 232; wins over Amasa, 232; escorted
by Judah, 232; excites jealousy of Israel, 232, 233; Sheba
revolts against him, 234, 235; famine in his reign, 240, 241;
makes atonement to Gibeonites, 240, 241; buries bodies of Saul
and Jonathan, 240, 241; his psalm, 242, 243; his mighty men,
242, 243; his numbering of the people, 242-245; chooses pesti-
lence, 246, 247; meeting with Araunah, 248, 249; buys site for
Temple, 248, 249; adopts Solomon as successor, 252, 253; his
parting instructions and death, 258, 259.

Debir captured by Othniel, 6.

Deborah, a prophetess, 8; song of, 10-17.

Debtors, miseries of, 143.

Deliverance, offerings for, 83-85.

Delilah ensnares Samson, 52-54.

Dialects, instances of, 41.

Dictator, office like judges, 3.

Dirges, instances of, 173.

Disruption, symbolized, 298, 299; takes place, 303, 307; date of,

307.

Doeg the Edomite, at Nob, 140, 141; massacres priests, 144.
Dog, use of term in Bible, 125, 127.