under goad, which is etymologically the normal
E. form.] 1. A point or pointed instrument,
as a pointed bar of steel, a spear, or an arrow-
head.

Whose greedy stomach steely gads digests;
Whose crisped train adorns triumphant crests.
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 5.
I will go get a leaf of brass,
And with a gad of steel will write these words.
Shak., Tit. And., iv. 1.
"De'il be in me, but I'll put this het gad down her
throat!" cried he in an ecstasy of wrath, snatching a bar
from the forge.
Scott, Waverley, xxx.
2. A sharp point affixed to a part of the ar-
mor, as the gauntlet, which could thus be
used to deal a formidable blow.-3. A thick
pointed nail; a gad-nail; specifically, in min-
ing, a pointed tool used for loosening and break-
ing up rock or coal which has been shaken or
thrown down
by a blast, or
which is loose
and jointy
enough to be
got without the
use of powder.
It is intermediate
between a drill

Irving, Knickerbocker, Architecture.") [p. 166. gable-ended (ga'bl-en"ded), a. Having gable- and a wedge, but is properly called a ends. gad only when ending in a point, and not in an edge, as a wedge. Old drills are often made into gads, which may be of any length; but from six inches to a foot is common. 4. A wedge or ingot of steel or iron. Johnson.

Flemish steel is brought down the Rhine to Dort and
other parts, some in bars and some in gads; and therefore
called Flemish steel, and sometimes gad steel.
Moxon, Mechanical Exercises.

5. A stick, or rod of wood, sharpened to a point,
or provided with a metal point, used to drive
cattle with; a goad; hence, a slender stick or keeping any path or way. Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, i. 44.
rod of any kind, especially one used for whip-
ping. [Still in general colloquial use.]

Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad,
Their horses are both swift of course and strong,
They run on horseback with a slender gad,
And like a speare, but that it is more long.
Sir J. Harington, tr. of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, x. 73.
Affliction to the soule is like the gade to the oxen, a
teacher of obedience.
Boyd, Last Battell, p. 1068.

To fawning dogs some times I gaue a bone,
And flung some scraps to such as nothing had:
But in my hands still kept a golden gad.

Mir. for Mags., p. 517.
6. A gadfly. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]-7. In
old Scotch prisons, a round bar of iron cross-
ing the condemned cell horizontally at the
height of about six inches from the floor, and
strongly built into the wall at both ends. The
ankles of a prisoner sentenced to death were secured with-
in shackles which were connected, by a chain about four
feet long, with a large iron ring which traveled on the
gad. Watch-dogs are now sometimes fastened in a sim-
ilar way. Upon or on the gadt, upon the spur or im-
pulse of the moment, as if driven by a gad.

Kent banish'd thus! and France in choler parted!
And the king gone to-night! prescrib'd his power!
Confin'd to exhibition! All this done
Upon the gad!

Shak., Lear, i. 2.
gad1 (gad), v. t.; pret. and pp. gadded, ppr.
gadding. [< gad1, n., 3.] 1. To fasten with
a gad-nail. Halliwell.-2. In mining, to break
up or loosen with the gad; use the gad

gad2 (gad), v. i.; pret. and pp. gadded, ppr. gad-
ding. [First in 16th century; prob. gadi, 6,
the gadfly "to flit about like a gad-fly" (Hal-
liwell), or "from the restless running about of
animals stung by the gadfly" (Imp. Dict.). Cf.
OIt. assilo, a gadfly, a goad (mod. assillo, a
horse-fly, hornet, stinging-fly), whence assilare,
"to be bitten with a horsefly, to leap and skip
as a horse or ox bitten by flies, to be wild or
raging" (Florio), mod. assillare, smart, rage, be
in a passion.] 1t. To flit about restlessly;
move about uneasily or with excitement.

gadding-machine (gad'ing-ma-shen"), n. quarrying, a platform on which a steam-drill is mounted for drilling holes in getting out dimension-stone. The platform can be moved from hole to hole as may be necessary. Also gadder, gadding-car. [U.S.] Stow, Chron., The Romans, an. 62.

On the shores stoode closely together great numbers of Brytaines, and among them wommen gadding vppe and downe frantickly in mourning weedes, theyr hayre hanging about their eares, and shaking firebrandes.

drill or bore circular holes
The gadding machines
A fierce, loud buzzing breeze, their stings draw blood,
along the bottom and sides of the blocks, into which
And drive the cattle gadding through the wood.
wedges are introduced and the stone split from its bed.
Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Georgies, iii.
Sci. Amer., N. S., LVI. 21.
[< gad2 + -ish1.] Dis-
2. To ramble about idly, from trivial curiosity gaddish (gad'ish), a.
posed to gad or wander idly about.
or for gossip.
The quality of
Give the water no passage; neither a wicked woman gaddishness (gad'ish-nes), n.
Ecclus. xxv. 25.
being gaddish; the habit of idle roving.
liberty to gad abroad."
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets, and
Grey hairs may have nothing under them but gadish-
doth not keep home.
Bacon, Envy (ed. 1887).
ness, and folly many years old.
Abp. Leighton, On 1 Pet. iii. 13.
The student and lover of nature has this advantage of
A fish: same as rockling. See

people who gad up and down the world, seeking some
novelty or excitement: he has only to stay at home and gade (gad), n.
The Century, XXV. 672.

gadean gadean (gā'de-an), n. [< Gadus +-e-an.] Same as gadoid.

Italians advertising cod-liver oil (or what they wish to be taken for cod-liver oil) do the best they can for themselves by employing the appellation for the only marine gadean common in Italy, the hake. N. and Q., 7th ser., IV. 278. gaderet, v. A Middle English form of gather. gadfly (gad'fli), n.; pl. gadflies (-fliz). [< gad1 +fly2. Cf. gad1 and gadbee in the same sense.] 1. The popular name of sundry flies which goad or sting domestic animals, as a breeze, breeze-fly, or horse-fly; specifically, a dipter

ous insect of the family Tabanidæ and suborder Brachycera, representing also a superfamily Hexachata. They are comparatively large, very active, voracious, and bloodthirsty, with great powers of biting, the mouth-parts being more highly developed than those of any other dipterous insect. They

have also great power of flight. The bite is deep and painful, often draw

ing blood, though not poisonous. In strictness, only the females are gadflies, the males being smaller and quite in. offensive, living on juices of plants. There are more than 1,000 species, of the genera Tabanus, Chrysops, Hæmatopota, and others. One of the commonest gadflies which attack cattle and horses is Tabanus bovinus. See also cut

under Chrysops.

Light fly his slumbers, if perchance a flight Of angry gad-flies fasten on the herd. Thomson, Summer, 1. 499. 2. A common though erroneous name of sundry flies (bot-flies) of the family Estrida and genus Estrus or Hippoderma, belonging to a different series of the great order Diptera from that of gadflies proper. These flies sting animals with their ovipositor, and deposit their eggs in the skin. 3. Figuratively, one who is constantly going about; a mischievous or annoying gadabout. Harriet may turn gad-fly, and never be easy but when she is forming parties. Richardson, Sir Charles Grandison, I. 135.

apartments. nalism become.

Local reporters thrusting themselves into the private New York Tribune, Dec. 9, 1879. Gadhelic (gad'el-ik), a. and n. [A discriminated form (with generalized sense) of Gaelic, adapt ed form of Gael. Gaidhealach, Ir. Gaoidhilig, Gaelic: see Gaelic.] I. a. Of or pertaining to that branch of the Celtic race which comprises the Erse of Ireland, the Gaels of Scotland, and the Manx of the Isle of Man, as distinguished from the Cymric branch. See Cymry. Ireland was the first home of the Gadhelic branch, whence it

So insufferable do the gadflies of jour

spread to Scotland in the sixth century, a portion of the

branch, under the name of Scots, having then settled in Argyll. The Scots ultimately became the dominant race, the Picts, an earlier and probably a Cymric race, being

lost in them.

II. n. The language of the Gadhelic branch of the Celtic race, comprising the Erse, Gaelic,

and Manx.

gadid (ga'did), n. A fish of the family Gadida; a gadoid. T. Gill.

Gadidæ (gad'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Gadus + -ida.] A family of anacanthine or soft-finned fishes, of the order Teleocephali and suborder Anacanthini, typified by the genus Gadus; the cods. They have subgular ventral fins; the dorsal and anal fins diversiform; the raylets of the caudal fin precurrent above and below; and the body conoidal behind,

with nearly median anus and terminal mouth. The Gadidæ are the most diversiform family of the suborder. The subfamilies are Gadince, Phycine, and Lotina, the last containing the burbots and the lings. Besides the cod, the haddock, whiting, pollack, and ling are the leading rep

resentatives of the family. The name has often been used with greater latitude of definition than that here given, being in the older systems equivalent to the Cuvierian Gadoides or Gadites. See cod.

Gadina (ga-dine), n. pl. [NL., Gadus + -ina.] The typical subfamily of anacanthine fishes of the family Gadide, distinguished by the development of three dorsal and two anal fins, with moderate ventrals; the true codfishes. It contains the most important of all food-fishes, as the cod, haddock, pollack, whiting, etc., in the aggregate representing a greater economic value than any other family of fishes. The Gading are all marine. See cut

2426

The common cod-fish . .
may be
defined as a
gadine with the lower jaw shutting within the upper, a
well-developed barbel, and the anus below the second
dorsal fin; the chief shoulder-girdle bone is lamelliform.
Stand. Nat. Hist., III. 268.
Gadinia (ga-din 'i-ä), n. [NL. (J. E. Gray,
1824), <gadin,
a barbarous
word, used first
by Adanson in
the name Lepas
by him to a spe-
gadin, applied
cies of this ge-
nus from Sen-
egal.] A ge-

Gadinia pentegoniostoma, dorsal and
nus of pulmo- ventral views (the latter showing the in-
gastro- terrupted horseshoe-shaped pallial impres-
pods, typical of
the family Gadiniida, having a simple patelli-
form shell.

1.

gadinic (ga-din'ik), a. [< gadine + -ic.]
Derived from codfish: as, gadinic acid.-2.
Pertaining to cods or Gadida; gadoid.
gadiniid (ga-din'i-id), n. A gastropod of the
family Gadiniida.
Gadiniidæ (gad-i-ni'i-de), n. pl. [NL., Ga-
dinia+ida. A family of gastropod mollusks,
of the order Pulmonifera and suborder Basom-
matophora, typified by the genus Gadinia, con-
taining species with a limpet-like shell.
gadinin (gad'i-nin), n. [gadine + -in2.] A
provisional name of a ptomain formed in the
putrefaction of fish-flesh, to which the formula
CH17NO2 has been given.
Gaditanian (gad-i-ta'ni-an), a. and n. [< L.
Gaditanus, pertaining to Gades, a city in Spain,
now called Cadiz.] I. a. Belonging or relating
to Cadiz or ancient Gades in Spain, or to its

inhabitants.

II. n. A native of Gades or Cadiz.
Gadite (ga'dit), a. [<L. Gades, Cadiz, +-itel.]
Of or pertaining to Gades or Cadiz; Gaditanian.

Lo, here his grave,

Who victor died on Gadite wave.
Scott, Marmion, i., Int.

gadwell hypocoracoid with its inferior process convergent toward the proscapula. It includes the families Gadida, Merluciidae, Ranicepida, and Macrurida. Gadoides (ga-doi'dez), n. pl. [NL. (Cuvier, 1817), Gadus +-oides.] In Cuvier's system of classification, a family of subbrachiate malacopterygian fishes, including all the symmetrical forms of the order, and contrasted with the flatfishes. It embraces the Gadida, Macrurida, Brotulida, and other families of recent ichthyologists. Also Gadoidei, Gadites. gadolinite (gad'o-lin-it), n. [Named from Johan Gadolin, a Finnish chemist (1760-1852).] A mineral, a silicate of the yttrium and cerium metals, containing also beryllium and iron. It occurs usually in masses of a blackish or greenish-black color, vitreous luster, and conchoidal fracture; less frequently it is found in crystals resembling those of datolite in form and angles. gadolinium (gad-o-lin'i-um), n. [NL., after Johan Gadolin: see gadolinite.] A supposed new element found with yttrium in gadolinite. dopsis +-ida.] A family of acanthopterygian Gadopsidæ (ga-dop'si-de), n. pl. [NL., < Gafishes, having the form of a cod, but the anterior portion of the dorsal and anal fins formed by spines. The species are inhabitants of the fresh waters of Australia. Gadopsis (ga-dop'sis), n. [NL., < Gadus + Gr. bus, appearance.] The typical genus of the

Gadopsis gracilis.

family Gadopsida, containing such species as
G. gracilis and G. marmoratus: so called from
their resemblance to the Gadida.
gadrise (gadʼriz), n. [< gad1 + rise2.] The Eu-
ropean dogwood, Cornus sanguinea, and spin-
dle-tree, Euonymus Europaa.
gadsman (gadz'man), n.; pl. gadsmen (-men).
[Sc. gaudsman, also gadman; gad, Sc. also
gaud, poss. gaud's, + man: see gad1 and goad.]
One who drives horses or oxen at the plow.

For men, I've three mischievous boys,
A gaudsman ane, a thrasher t'other.
Burns, The Inventory.

gadsot, interj. [Var. of gads, prob. mixed with
catso.] An interjection of surprise: same as
gadzooks.

Gadso! they come by appointment.

Sheridan, The Critic, i. 1. Gadso! these great men use one's house and their time as if it were their own property. Well, it's once and away. Scott, Antiquary, xxxvi. A gad or goad.

Gadites (ga-di'tēz), n. pl. [NL. (prop. F. pl.),
<Gadus +-ites.] In McMurtrie's edition of
Cuvier's system, the first family of Malacop-
terygii sub-brachiati: same as Gadoides.
gadling1+ (gad'ling), n. [< ME. gadling, gade-
ling, also gedling, gedeling (yng), a fellow (in
depreciation or contempt), AS. gadeling, a
sense), = OS. gaduling = OHG. *gatuling, gatu-
comrade, fellow, companion (in the proper
line, a' kinsman, MHG. geteline, a kinsman, a
fellow, Goth. gadiliggs, a cousin, nephew,
cf. MHG. gegate, gate, comrade, partner, con-
sort, spouse, G. gatte, consort, spouse, husband gad-stafft (gad'ståf), n.
(fem. gattin, wife), OS. gigado = AS. gegada,
a fellow, associate, D. gade, a spouse, con-
sort: all from the same source (V "gad) as
gather and together: see gather. Not connect-
ed with gad2.] A man of humble condition; a
fellow; a low fellow; originally (in Anglo-
Saxon), a fellow, associate, or companion, in a
good sense, but later used in reproach. Com-
pare similar uses of fellow and companion.

=

=

They comen to him armed on stede,
And fiftene thousand of fot laddes,
And alle stalworthe gadelynges.

King Alisaunder, 1. 1192 (Weber's Metr. Rom.).
Cristes curs mot he have, that clepeth me gadelyng!
I am no worse gadelyng, ne no worse wight,
But born of a lady, and geten of a knight.

Tale of Gamelyn, 1. 106.
gadling2+ (gad'ling), n. and a. [Appar. a par-
ticular use of gadling, taken as if <gad2+
ling1.] I. n. A vagabond; one who gads about.

The wandering gadling in the sommer tide.

Wyatt, The Jealous Man.

II. a. Given to gadding about; gadding.
gadlingst, n. [<gad1+-ling1.] Same as gad1, 2.
gad-nail (gadʼnal), n. A long stout nail. Halli-
well. [Prov. Eng.]
gadoid (ga'doid), a. and n. [< NL. Gadoides,
Gadus + Gr. eidos, form.] 1. a. Pertaining
Gadoidea.
to or having the characters of the Gadidae or

Also gadean.
II. n. A fish of the family Gadida; a gadid.

Gadoidea (ga-doi'de-ä), n. pl. [NL., Gadus
+-oidea.] A superfamily of anacanthine teleo-
cephalous fishes. The technical characters are: the
orbitorostral portion of the skull longer than the poste
rior portion; the cranial cavity widely open in front; the
supra-occipital bone well developed, horizontal, and carin-
iform behind; the exoccipitals contracted forward and
overhung by the supra-occipital, their condyles distant
and feebly developed; the hypercoracoid entire; and the

Scho lousit oxin aucht or nyne, And hynt ane gad-staff in hir hand. Wyf of Auchtirmuchty (Child's Ballads, VIII. 118). gad-steel (gad'stel), n. [< gad1 + steel. Cf. Flemish steel: so named from its being wrought AS. gad-isen, a gad or goad, lit. 'goad-iron.'] in gads or wedge-shaped ingots. gad-stick (gad'stik), n. An ox-whip; a goad. Gadus (ga'dus), n. [NL., a codfish, < Gr. yádos, the same as ovos, L. asellus, a certain fish.] The typical genus of gadines or Gadina. The common cod is Gadus morrhua or Morrhua vulgaris. The genus was formerly conterminous with the family Gadido, but now includes only the true cods, the haddocks, hakes, tom-cods, etc., being referred to other genera. Morrhua is a synonym. See cut under cod. gadwale (gad'wal), n. Same as gadwall. gadwall (gad'wâl), n. [Also gadwal, gadwale; spelled gadwall in Willughby (1676); gaddel in Merrett (Pinax Rerum Nat. Brit., 1667); also gadwell, accompanied by an erroneous derivation ("from gad, to walk about, and well," Webster's Dict.). The origin is unknown. A similar terminal syllable appears in the name of another bird, the witwall, but there is nothing to show a connection.] The gray duck or gray, Anas strepera or Chaulelasmus streperus, a fresh-water duck of the subfamily Anatinæ and family Anatidæ, abundant in the northern hemisphere. It is nearly as large as the mallard. The plumage of the male is mostly variegated with blackish and whitish crescentic markings; the greater coverts are black, the middle coverts chestnut, the speculum pure white, the bill blue-black, and the feet yellowish with dusky webs. The gadwall is an excellent table-duck, like most of the Anatine, and is generally diffused in Europe, Asia, and America. Coues's gadwall, C. couesi, is a second species from the Fanning islands. See cut under Chaule

2. In Great Britain, the foreman of a squad of
workmen, especially of navvies; an overseer.
Same as gaff1, 1.
gaff-hook (gafʼhük), n.
gaffle (gaf’l), n. [Formerly also gafle; in mod.
use prob. from D.; ME. not found; AS. geaft,
a fork, D. gaffel, a fork, pitchfork, naut. gaff,
G. dial.
MLG. gaffele, geffele, LG. gaffel
W.gaft,
gaffel = Dan. Sw. gaffel, a fork, naut. gaff,
Icel. gaffall, a fork (the Scand. forms prob. of
LG. origin); ult. identical with gable1: see ga-
ble1 and gaff1.] 1. A portable fork of iron or
wood in which the heavy musket formerly in
use was rested that it might be accurately
aimed and fired.-2. The steel lever by the
aid of which crossbows were bent.

=

My cross-bow in my hand, my gafle on my rack,
To bend it when I please, or when I please to slack.
Drayton, Muse's Elysium, vi.

3. An artificial spur of steel put on a cock when
it is set to fight.

Pliny mentions the Spur and calls it Telum, but the Gafle
is a mere modern Invention, as likewise is the great and
I suppose necessary exactness in matching them.

Bourne's Pop. Antiq. (1777), p. 379, note.
gafflock (gafʼlok), n. Same as gavelock. Hal-
liwell.
Same as boat-hook.
gaff-setter (gaf'set'èr), n.
gaffsman (gafs'man), n.; pl. gaffsmen (-men).
[gaff's, poss. of gaff1, + man.] Same as
gaffer1.

The attendant gaffsman stands or crouches, with a sharp-
pointed steel hook attached to a short ashen staff called a
gaff, waiting his opportunity.
Encyc. Brit., II. 39.

3. The metal spur bound to the shanks of gaff-topsail (gaf'top'sl), n. [= Dan. gaffeltop-
fighting-cocks; a gaffle.-Mackerel-gaff, an instru-seil Sw. gaffeltoppsegel.] 1. Naut., a light
ment of wire with several sharp-hooked prongs and a long
wooden handle, used to hook up mackerel when they are
triangular or quadrilateral sail set above a gaff
schooling alongside a vessel. It was introduced at Glouces (as the gaff extending the head of a cutter's

Gaff-topsail (Ælurichthys marinus).

(From Report of U. S. Fish Commission, 1884.) Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States: popularly so called from the elevated dorsal fin. gafolt, n. [AS., tax, tribute, rent: see gavel1.] In Anglo-Saxon law, rent or income; tax, tribute, or custom. Burrill.

gafolgildt, n. [Also written, improp., gafoldgild; repr. an AS. *gafolgild (not recorded),

gafol, tax, tribute, rent, + gild, payment. Cf. AS. gafol-gilda, one who pays tribute or rent.] In Anglo-Saxon law, the payment of custom or

gag

lent or authoritative suppression of freedom
of speech.

Untie his feet; pull out his gag; he will choke else.
Fletcher and Shirley, Night-Walker, iii. 5.

Imagine, if you can, his indignant eloquence had Eng-
land offered to put a gag upon his lips.
W. Phillips, Speeches, p. 9.
2. A mouthful which produces nausea and
retching, or threatens with choking.

L. has recorded the repugnance of the school to gags, or Lamb, Christ's Hospital. the fat of fresh beef boiled. 3. An apparatus or device for distending the jaws, such as is used in various surgical operations; hence, anything used to pry or keep open the jaws.

Musicians in England have vsed to put gagges in children's mouthes, that they might pronounce distinctly. Sir T. Wilson, Art of Rhetoric, p. 223. The eyelid is set open with the gags of lust and envy. Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 73. 4. In coal-mining, a chip of wood in a sinking pit-bottom or sump. Gresley. [Eng.]-5. An interpolation introduced by an actor into his part, whether in accordance with custom or with his own fancy. [Stage slang.]

You see the performances consisted all of gag. I don't suppose anybody knows what the words are in the piece. Mayhew.

=

I have heard some very passable gags at the Marionette, but the real commedia a braccio no longer exists, and its familiar and invariable characters perform written plays. Howells, Venetian Life, v. 6. A joke, especially a practical joke; a farce; a hoax. [Slang.] gagatet, n. [ME. gagate, also as L. gagates, an agate: see agate2.] Agate. Fuller. gagel (gaj), n. [ME. gage, a gage (in challenge), OF. gage, F. gage, a gage, pawn, pledge, security, pl. gages, wages, Pr. gatge, gatghe, It. gaggio, a gage, gaje Sp. gaje = Pg. gage pledge, wage, reward, ML. vadium, wadium (also gagium, after OF.), a pledge, < Goth. wadi OHG. weti, wetti, MHG. G. wette AS. wedd, E. wed, a pledge, = L. vas (vad-), a surety, bail (a person), whence vadimonium, a promise secured by bail, security, recognizance. See wage, n., a doublet of gagel, and wed, n., the native E. form.] 1. A pledge or pawn; a movable chattel laid down or given as security for the per

=

=

=

formance of some act or the fulfilment of some condition.

And if there by any man wyll saye (except your per sone) that I wold any thinge otherwise than well to you or to your people, here is my guage to the contrarie.

Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., II. xv.

gages of loue we are bound both to God and Christ.
J. Udall, On Rom. viii.
The sheriff is commanded to attach him, by taking gage:
that is, certain of his goods, which he shall forfeit if he
doth not appear.
Blackstone, Com., III. xix.
2. The act of pledging, or the state of being
pledged; pawn; security.

His credite he did often leave

2428

But my chief care

Is to come fairly off from the great debts
Wherein my time, something too prodigal,
Hath left me gag'd.
Shak., M. of V., i. 1.

gage-concussion

Bisecting gage, a gage formed by a bar carrying two
heads or cheeks connected by two arms of equal length,
forming a toggle-joint, at which

a pencil or scribe-awl is placed.
The pencil or awl is thus at
equal distances from the cheeks
at whatever gage they may be
See
set.-Catheter-gage.
catheter.-Centering-gage, a
gage for fixing the middle point
of an axle. Car-Builder's Dict.-
Difference-gage, a gage adapt-
ed for testing the slight dif-
ference of diameter commonly

gage2, gauge (gāj), v. t.; pret. and pp. gaged,
gauged, ppr. gaging, gauging. [The pron. and
the reg. former usage require the spelling gage;
<ME. gagen, also gawgyn, < OF. gauger, gaugir,
later jauger, F. jauger, gage, measure; ML.
*gaugiare (in deriv. gaugiator, a gager); cf.
ML. gaugatum, the gaging of a wine-cask,
gaugettum, a fee paid for gaging, a gage (see
gage2, n.). Origin uncertain; the ML. jalagium, required between parts which
the right of gaging wine-casks, compared with
jalea, a gallon, F. jale, a bowl, suggests a con-
nection with gallon and gill4. Various other
conjectural derivations are given; e. g.,
(ML.) qualificare: see qualify.] 1. To mea-
sure the content or capacity of, as a vessel;
more generally, to ascertain by test or measure-
ment the capacity, dimensions, proportions,
quantity, amount, or force of; measure or as-
certain by measurement: as, to gage a barrel or
other receptacle (see gaging); to gage the pres-
sure of steam, or the force of the wind; to gage
a stone for cutting it to the proper size.
He gauged ye depnesse of the dyche with a speare.
Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., I. celxix.
Lands he could measure, terms and tides presage,
And e'en the story ran that he could gauge.
Goldsmith, Des. Vil., 1. 210.
No eye like his to value horse or cow,
Or gauge the contents of a stack or mow.
Lowell, Fitz Adam's Story.
2. To measure in respect to capability, power,
character, or behavior; take cognizance of the
capacity, capability, or power of; appraise;
estimate: as, to gage a person's character very
accurately.

Bisecting Gage.

are to be fitted into each other, as the slight excess of diameter in a bearing in which an axle is to revolve, or the slight shortness of diameter in a socket into which a shaft is to be forced so as to fit tightly. See plug-and-colExternal gage, a male or plug gage. < L. lar gage.-Female gage. Same as internal gage.- Flat gage, a gage of which the two sides are made in true parallel planes, used for testing the correctness of the notches in wire gages.-Floating gage, a gage indicating the height of the surface of a liquid by the agency of a float which rises and falls with the liquid.-Hydraulic gage. See hydraulic-Internal gage, a female or collar gage. See plug-and-collar gage.- Male gage. Same as external gage.- Mercurial gage, a pressure-gage in which a column of mercury is used to indicate the pressure; a mercurial level. Plug-and-collar gage, a pair of contact-measuring gages, external and internal, accurately adjusted to each other, and used respectively for testing internal and external diameters in cylindrical work.-Router gage. See router. Siphon-gage, a short bent tube, one branch of which is connected with the receiver, the other being closed at the top and filled with mercury when the process begins. As the pressure diminishes the mercury falls, and the degree of exhaustion is measured by the difference in its height in the two branches. This would become zero if a perfect vacuum were produced.-Star-gage. (a) A count of stars visible in a powerful telescope, within a certain area, in a given part of the heavens. (b) An instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any part of its length. It consists of a graduated brass fixed and two movable steel points. A slider in the graduated tube pushes outward the movable points as may be

Nay, but I bar to-night; you shall not gage me
By what we do to-night. Shak., M. of V., ii. 2.
Gaging his heroes by each other. Pope, Homer's Battles.
Medical science has never gauged-never, perhaps,
enough set itself to gauge the intimate connection be-
tween moral fault and disease.
M. Arnold, Literature and Dogma, v.
It is quite possible to gauge tendencies and to interpret
them correctly.
W. L. Davidson, Mind, XIII. 91.

3. In needlework, especially dressmaking, to pucker in parallel rows by means of gathering threads, either for ornament or to hold the material firmly in place. [< OF. gauge, jauge, F. gage2, gauge (gāj), ". jauge, a gage, gaging-rod; ML. gaugia, gauja, gagga, the standard measure of a wine-cask. Considering also with howe many benefites and speciall See gage2, v.] 1. A standard of measure; an instrument for determining the dimensions, capacity, quantity, force, etc., of anything; hence, any standard of comparison or estimation; measure in general: as, a gage for the thickness of wires; to take the gage of a man's ability. Timothy .. ... had prepared a gauge by which they [serArbuthnot, John Bull. vants] were to be measured. The gauge of a pensioner's disability is always his fitThe Century, XXVIII. 430. ness to do manual labor. Specifically-(a) In the air-pump, an instrument of various forms for indicating the degree of exhaustion in the receiver. The kind most commonly used is the siphon gage (which see, below). (b) In joinery, an instrument for striking a line on a board, etc., parallel to its edge, consisting of a square rod with a marker near its end and an adjustable sliding piece for a guide. (c) In printing, a measure of the length of a page, or a graduated strip of wood, metal, or cardboard for determining the number of lines of type of a certain size in a given space. (d) In typefounding, a piece of hard wood or polished steel, various ly notched, used to adjust the dimensions, slopes, etc., of the various sorts of letters. (e) Same as grip, 7. (See also caliber-gage, center-gage, gaging rod, pressure-gage, raingage, steam-gage, wind-gage, and phrases below.) 2. A standard or determinate dimension, quantity, or amount; a fixed or standard measurement. (a) In railroad construction, the width or disFor learned Collin lays his pipes to gage, tance between the rails: as, standard, broad, or narrow A greater And is to fayrie gone a pilgrimage. gage. The standard gage is 4 feet 8 inches. Drayton, Shepherd's Garland. distance between the rails constitutes a broad gage, ter gage1 (gāj), v. t.; pret. and pp. gaged, ppr. gagPr. gatgar, gating. [OF. gager, F. gager = jar, gage, pledge, ML. wadiare, pledge; from the noun: see gage1, n. Cf. engage, disgage.] 1. To pledge, pawn, or stake; give or deposit as a gage or security; wage or wager. [Archaic.]

In gage for his gay Masters hopelesse dett.
Spenser, Mother Hub. Tale, 1. 865.
I was fain to borrow these spurs; I have left my gown in
gage for them.
B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, ii. 2.
3. Anything thrown down as a token of chal-
lenge to combat; hence, challenge. Formerly it
was customary for the challenger to cast on the ground
some article, most commonly a glove or gauntlet, which
was taken up by the accepter of the challenge. See gaunt-
let).

Pale trembling coward, there I throw my gage,
Disclaiming here the kindred of the king.
Shak., Rich. II., i. 1.
There take my gage; behold, I offer it
To him that first accused him in this cause.
Fairfax, tr. of Tasso's Godfrey of Boulogne, v. 58.
To lay to gaget, to leave in pawn. Nares.

Sir John Philpot, cittizen of London, deserues great commendacions, who wt his own money released the armour which the souldiours had gaged for their victualls, more than a thousand in number. Stow, Rich. II., an. 1380. Against the which, a moiety competent Was gaged by our king.

Shak., Hamlet, i. 1.

O, do not go: this feast, I'll gage my life,
Is but a plot to train you to your ruin.
Ford, "Tis Pity, v. 3.

24. To bind by pledge, caution, or security; en

gage.

distance a narrow gage. (b) In building, the length of a
slate or tile below the lap. (e) In plastering: (1) The quan-
tity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accel-
erate its setting. (2) The composition of plaster of Paris
and other materials used in finishing plastered ceilings,
for moldings, etc. (d) In lace-weaving, the fineness of the
lace. It depends upon the number of slits or openings in
the combs, and consequently upon the number of bobbins
in an inch of the double tier. (e) The diameter or size of

the bore of a shot-gun.

3. Naut.: (a) The depth to which a vessel sinks
in the water. (b) The position of a ship with
reference to another vessel and to the wind.
When to the windward she is said to have the
weather-gage; when to the leeward, the lee-gage.
-4. A quart pot. Davies. [Cant.]

I bowse no lage, but a whole gage
Of this I bowse to you.

Brome, Jovial Crew, ii,

On Plums. Mem. I was on a visit to Sir William Gage at Hengrave near Bury; he was then near 70. He told me that. in compliment to him the Plum was called the Green Gage; this was about the year 1725.

Collinson, Hortus Collinsonianus, p. 60. Gagea (gā ́jé̟-ä), n. [NL., named after Sir Thomas Gage, an English botanist (1780-1820).] A genus of small bulbous liliaceous plants, of about 20 species, natives of Europe and central Asia. They have linear radical leaves, and a scape bear

ing an umbel or a corymb of greenish-yellow flowers. The [< gage2 yellow star-of-Bethlehem, G. lutea, is found in England. gageable, gaugeable (ga'ja-bl), a. +-able.] Capable of being gaged or measured.

gage-bar (gāj'bär), n. 1. One of the two transverse bars which sustain the gage-blocks in a marble-sawing machine.-2. An adjustable gage used to determine the depth of the kerf in sawing.

iron block used to adjust the saws. Gage-blocks gage-block (gaj'blok), n. In marble-cutting, an are of the exact thickness of the marble slabs required, are placed alternately with the saw-blades, and are sustained between two transverse gage-bars. A box of size to congage-box (gāj′boks), n. tain a fixed quantity of any material, used in various processes of manufacture, etc.; specifically, a box just large enough to hold the number of shingles required for a bunch. One of the stop-cocks gage-cock (gāj′kok), n. in the boiler of a steam-engine, used to indicate the depth of the water. gage-concussion (gāj ́kon-kushon), n. impacts of the flanges of railroad-vehicles against the rails, by which they are enabled to guide the wheels. The extent of such concussion depends upon the gage-play and other obscure causes, is always present at high speed.

The

but

gaged

gaged, gauged (gājd), p. a. 1. Exactly ad-
justed; carefully proportioned or fitted.

The vanes nicely gauged on each side, broad on one side

and narrow on the other, both which minister to the pro-

gressive motion of the bird. Derham, Physico-Theology.

2. In plastering, compounded or mixed in the

proper proportions, especially of plaster of

Paris: as, gaged stuff.-3. Puckered; gath-

ered:

: as, a gaged skirt.-Gaged brick. See brick2.

-Gaged stuff, in plastering, same as gage-stuff.

gage-door (gaj'dōr), n. In coal-mining, a wood-

en door fixed in an airway for the purpose of

regulating the ventilation.

gage-glass (gāj′glās), n. In steam-engines, a

strong glass tube serving as an index to the

condition of the boiler by exhibiting the height

or agitation of the water in it. See steam-gage.

gage-knife (gāj′nīf), n. A knife to which a

gage is fitted, serving to regulate the depth or

size of the cut made.

gage-ladder (gāj′lad ̋ėr), n. A square frame

of timber used in excavating to lift the ends

of wheeling-planks; a horsing-block. E. H.

Knight.

gage-lathe (gāj′lāтí), n. A wood-turning

lathe for turning irregular forms. It employs

automatic cutting-tools with edges shaped to a

pattern, and the depth of cut is gaged by a stop

or gage. See lathe.

gage-pin (gāj'pin), n. A pin affixed to the platen

of a small printing-press, to keep the sheet to

be printed within a prescribed position.

gage-play (gāj′plā), n. On a railroad, the dif-

ference between the gages of the rails and of

the flanges of the wheels running on them, usu-

ally from to inch.

gage-point (gāj'point), n. In gaging, the di-

ameter of a cylinder that is one inch in height,

and has a content equal to a unit of a given

measure.

gager, gauger (gā'jèr), n. [< gage2, v., + -er1.]

1. One who gages; specifically, an officer whose

business is to ascertain the contents of casks

and other hollow vessels.-2. An exciseman.

Ye men of wit and wealth, why all this sneering

'Gainst poor excisemen? give the cause a hearing.

What are your landlords' rent rolls? teazing ledgers:

What premiers-what? even monarchs' mighty gaugers.

Burns, Excisemen Universal.

2429

2. In coal-mining, a small embankment or heap

of slack or rubbish, made at the entrance to a

heading, as a means of fencing it off. Gresley.

[South Staffordshire, Eng.]-3. In needlework,

the process of puckering a fabric by means of

gathering-threads arranged in parallel rows;

the work so done.

gaging-caliper (gā’jing-kalʼi-pėr), n.

bination tool with dividers, inside and outside

calipers, and a double scratch-gage which is

graduated to 16ths, 32ds, or 64ths of an inch, or

in any other way desired.

gaging-rod (gā'jing-rod), n. An instrument

used in measuring the contents of casks or other

vessels; an exciseman's measuring-staff.

gaging-rule (ga'jing-röl), n. A graduated rule

for simplifying the calculations of the contents

Chaucer.

gain

of gao, gau, usually go, Skt. go, a cow, bull, =

E. cowl, q. v.] The title of the native ruler

of Baroda or the Gaikwar's Dominions, a native

state of Mahratta origin in western India, now

under British control.

gailardt, a. A Middle English form of galliard.

A com- gailert, n. A Middle English form of jailer.

Chaucer.

Gaillardia (gal-yärʼdi-ä), n. [NL., named af-
ter M. Gaillard, an amateur French botanist.]
A genus of handsome annual or perennial Amer-
ican herbaceous composites, of a dozen species,
most of which are natives of the United States.
The heads of the flowers are large and showy, on long pe-
duncles, often fragrant, and with a yellow or a yellow and
reddish-purple ray. G. aristata and G. pulchella, with sev-
eral varieties and hybrids, are common in gardens.
gailliardet, n. See galliard.
gaging-thread (ga'jing-thred), n. In weaving, gaily, gayly (gā ́li), adv. [<ME. gaily, gaili; <
a thread introduced temporarily for the pur-gay1 + -ly2.] 1. In a gay manner; with mirth
pose of stopping the weft-thread at a desired and frolic; joyfully; merrily.
point. It is drawn out when the work is done.
gag-law (gagʻlâ), n. A law or regulation made
and enforced for the purpose of preventing or
restricting discussion. The so-called gag-laws of the
United States consisted of resolutions and rules adopted
by the House of Representatives, beginning with 1836,
against the reception and consideration of petitions on the
the table without being read, printed, debated, or referred.
In 1840 this denial of a constitutional right was embodied
in a permanent rule of the House, which was finally re-
pealed in 1844, chiefly through the efforts of John Quincy
Adams, persistently continued through the whole period.

of casks.

sujeet of slavery, usually requiring that they be laid on

gag-rein (gagʻrān), n. In saddlery, a rein that

passes through the gag-runners, and is intend-

ed to draw the bit into the corners of the horse's

mouth.

In saddlery, a loop

gagroot (gagʻröt), n. The Lobelia inflata, so
called from its emetic properties: more usually
known as Indian tobacco.
gag-runner (gagʻrun ̋ėr), n.
attached to the throat-latch.

gag-tooth (gag'töth), n. [< gag, prob.

(cf. gabber2 = jabber), + tooth. Cf.gat-tothed.]

A projecting tooth. Halliwell.

= jag

Here is a fellow judicio that carried the deadly stocke
in his pen, whose muse was armed with a gag-tooth, and
his pen possest with Hercules furyes.
Return from Parnassus (1606).
gag-toothed+(gagʻtötht), a. [<gag-tooth +-ed2.]

gage-saw (gaj'sâ), n. A saw with an adjusta- Having projecting teeth. Holland.

ble clamp-frame or gage-bar, to determine the

depth of the kerf.

gage-stuff (gaj'stuf), n. In plastering, stuff con-
taining plaster of Paris, which facilitates set-
ting, used for making cornices, moldings, etc.
Also called gaged stuff.
gage-wheel (gaj'hwēl), n. A small wheel on
the forward end of the beam of a plow, used
to determine the depth of the furrow.
gagger (gag'èr), n. [< gag + -er1.] 1. One
who gags.-2. In molding: (a) A tool used to
lift the sand from a flask. (b) An iron so shaped
that when placed in a mold it keeps the sand
from breaking apart. (c) An iron used to hold
in position the core of a mold. Also called
chapelet and grain.

gaggle (gagʻl), v. i.; pret. and pp. gaggled, ppr.
gaggling. [Early mod. E. also gagle, gagyll;
ME. gagelen, a freq. form, equiv. to the sim-

ple MHG. form gagen, cackle, as a goose (cf.

Icel. and Norw. gagl, a wild goose): see gag,

v., and cackle.] To make a noise like a goose;

cackle.

Gagelyn, or cryyn as gees, clingo. Prompt. Parv., p. 184.

Once they were like to haue surprised it by night, but

being descried by the gagling of geese, M. Manlius did

awaken, and keep them from entrance.

Raleigh, Hist. World, IV. vii. § 1.

When the priest is at seruice no man sitteth, but gagle
and ducke like so many Geese. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 241.
If I have company, they are a parcel of chattering mag-
pies; if abroad, I am a gaggling goose. Guardian, No. 132.

gaggle (gag'l), n. [< gaggle, v.] In fowling, a

flight or flock of geese; hence, a chattering

Al. Read on, Vincentio.
Vi. "The busky groves that gag tooth'd boars do shroud."
Chapman, Gentleman Usher, i. 1.

If shee be gagge-toothed, tell hir some merry iest, to
make hir laughe. Lyly, Euphues, Anat. of Wit, p. 116.

gahnite (gä ́nit), f. [Named after J. Gottlieb
Gahn, a Swedish mining engineer and chemist
(1745-1818).] A mineral of the spinel group,
crystallizing in the isometric system, commonly
in regular octahedrons. It varies in color from dark
green or gray to black. It is essentially an oxid of zinc and
alumina, or better an aluminate of zinc, but sometimes con-
tains also iron and manganese. Also called zinc-spinel.
Automolite, dysluite, and kreittonite are names of varieties.
gaiac (ga'yak), n. [F. gaïac, gayac: see guaia-
cum.] The French form of guaiac (guaiacum),
hard woods besides lignum-vitæ, as in Europe
sometimes used in English, and applied to other
to those of the ash and lobe-tree, in Guiana to
that of the Diptera odorata, etc.

gaiety, gayety (ga'e-ti), n.; pl. gaieties, gay-

eties (-tiz). [OF. gäiete, later gayeté, F. gaieté,

gaîté, gaiety, < gai, gay: see gay1.] 1. The

state of being gay; cheerful animation; mirth-

The world is new to us-our spirits are high, our pas-
sions are strong; the gaieties of life get hold of us-and
it is happy if we can enjoy them with moderation and
innocence.
Gilpin, Works, I. viii.
=Syn. Covey, etc.
gaggler (gag'lėr), n. [< gaggle + -er1.] A 3. Finery; showiness: as, gaiety of dress.
goose, as that which gaggles.
[< ME. gaw-

gaging, gauging (gā'jing), n.

gynge; verbal n. of gage2, v.] 1. The art of

measuring by the gaging-rod; a method of as-

certaining the capacity of a hollow receptacle,

but especially the liquid content of a cask or

similar vessel, by the use of a graduated scale.

Gawgynge of depnesse, dimencionatus.

Prompt. Parv., p. 189.

The roof, in gaiety and taste, corresponded perfectly

with the magnificent finishing of the room; it. . . con-

sisted of painted cane, split and disposed in Mosaic figures,

which produces a gayer effect than it is possible to con-

ceive.

Bruce, Source of the Nile, II. 633.

=Syn. 1. Life, Liveliness, etc. (see animation); cheerful-
ness, joyousness, blitheness, glee, jollity.

Gaikwar, Gaekwar (gik'wär), n. [Also writ-

ten Guicowar, Guicwar, Gwickwar, Gaekwad, lit.

a cowherd; < Marathi gãe, gãi, Hind. gãe, var.

A nobler yearning never broke her rest

Than but to dance and sing, be gaily drest.

Tennyson, Early Sonnets, viii.

3. Tolerably; pretty. Also gailie, gaylie. [Old

Eng. and Scotch.]

For this purpose, whereof we now write, this would have

served gailie well.
Willson.

gain1 (gan), n. [< ME. gain, gein, gazhen, gain,
profit, advantage, Icel. gagn Sw. gagn =
Dan. gavn, gain, profit, advantage, use. Hence
the verb ME. gaynen, etc., profit, be of use,
avail, mixed in later E. with the different verb
profit: see gain1, v.] 1. That which is acquired
F. gagner, gain, whence the F. noun gain, gain,

or comes as a benefit; profit; advantage: op-
posed to loss.

But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss
for Christ.
Phil. iii. 7.

Did wisely from expensive sins refrain,

And never broke the Sabbath but for gain.

Dryden, Abs. and Achit., i. 588.

The Carthaginians were the greatest traders in the

world; and as gain is the chief end of such a people, they

never pursue any other.

Steele, Spectator, No. 174.

2. The act of gaining; acquisition; accession;
addition: as, a clear gain of so much.

They stoode content, with gaine of glorious fame.
Gascoigne, Steele Glas (ed. Arber), p. 70.
My care is loss of care, by old care done;
Your care is gain of care, by new care won.
Shak., Rich. II., iv. 1.
Such was the miserable paines that the poor slaves will-

ingly undertooke; for the gaine of that cardakew, that I

would not have done the like for five hundred.

gain1 (gān), v.

genen, gegnen, profit, be of use, avail, < Icel.

= Sw. gagna, help, avail,

gagna =

benefit (from the noun, Icel. gagn, etc., gain),

mixed in later E. with OF. gaagnier, gaaignier,

gaainnier, etc., cultivate, till, make profitable,

gain, later gaigner, F. gagner = Pr. gazanhar =

OSp. guadañar = It. guadagnare, gain, win,

profit, OHG. as if weidanjan, equiv. to weide-

non, pasture (cf. OHG. weidon, MHG. weiden,

pasture, hunt, Icel. veidha, catch, hunt), < weida,

G. weide, pasture, pasture-ground, = AS. wathu,

a wandering, journey, hunt, = Icel. veidhr, hunt-

ing, fishing, the chase.] I. trans. 1. To ob-

tain by effort or striving; succeed in acquiring

or procuring; attain to; get: as, to gain favor

or power; to gain a livelihood by hard work;

to gain time for study.

This Agamynon, the grete, gaynit no slepe.

Bisé was the buerne all the bare night.

Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), l. 6046.

"Nay, i-wisse," sede William, "i wot wel the sothe,
That it gayneth but god, for God may vs help."
William of Palerne (É. E. T. S.), I. 3109.
"Then hear thou," quoth Leir, now all in passion,

"what thy ingratitude hath gain'd thee."

Milton, Hist. Eng., i.

Help my prince to gain

Tennyson, Princess, iii.

His rightful bride.