ftinet and inclination nature opens her doors of treasure, wherewith to adorn and inrich the induftrious. God is pleased to endue this ifland with plenty, fo let her inhabitants be mindful not to furfeit with excefs; for, if fulnefs and ease be the parents of idle L nefs, idleness muft of neceffity be the darling of a foft and remifs generation, that flides into the foolish embracements of honour and ambition, which is the overthrow of civil fociety. A Solution of Mr. S. Afhby's Propofition, Page 228, Vol. IV. ET the plane of either of the triangles, B A D, or CAD, move upon A D, as an axis, till they are perpendicular to each other, and, in that pofition, let the points B and C be connected with a strait line, fo will be generated the pyramid required. For, because pyramids, having triangular bafes and the fame altitude, are to one another as their bafes; it follows, that, when the bafe is the greateft poffible, the folidity of the pyramid will be fo likewife; but, in the abovementioned pofition, the base is the greatest poffible (by one of Simpson's theorems, De maximis & minimis) therefore the pyramid is fo likewise, q. e. d. AD COROLLARY. Hence, becaufe X the bafe is equal to the folidity of the pyramid, and BDXCD the bafe (when the planes are proportionable to each other) is equal. therefore the required pyramid is = I ADXBDXCD. 2 W. Marfin. A Question; by W. Bevil, of Harpfwell, Lincolnshire. Have a garden in the form of a parabola, and the diameter of its leaft circumfcribing circle is equal to twelve poles, then how many plants of box will the circumference of the greatest infcribed circle take to fet each three inches afunder? I A Phyfical Queftion, by R. D. N what manner are the red particles or globules of blood disposed of, or expended? N. B. The algebraic Enigma will be answered in the Supplement to this IVth volume, to be published about the middle of July. Τ An AccoUNT of the County of DORSET. With an accurate MAP drawn from the best Authorities. HIS county was originally inhabited by those Britons, whom Ptolemy, in his geographical tables, and the Romans call Durotriges, derived from the British compound name Dwr-Gwyr or DourTrig; i. e. inhabitants by the fea fide: for Dour or Dur, in that language, fignifies water, and Gwyr and Trig, an inhabitant or dweller. But when the Saxons over-ran this, as they did the other parts of the island, they changed this name into Dorfetta, retaining the British word Dour, and adding Setta, a termination of their own, and fynonymous to the British word word they had caft away, fignifying to inhabit or dwell upon. From which compofition is derived the prefent barbarous Latin, Dorfetia. In the time of the Roman government, this county was kept in their allegiance by two legions ftationed in it; one at Dorchefter, the other at Winborn or Vindogladia. ons. The Saxons paid great attention to the beauty and the advantageous fituation of this county. At their first fettlement of the Heptarchy, it was divided to the King of the Weft SaxAnd, when Egbert had united the feven kingdoms under his own fceptre, most of his eighteen fucceffors honoured Dorfetshire, for the most part, with their residence, when alive, and with their fepulchres after death. Though the Danes frequently at tempted to make themfelves masters of this county. For, King Egbert was fcarce warm on the throne, before the Danes invaded this part of his kingdom; gave him battle on the banks of the Car near Lime; killed Dudda his General, two Saxon Bishops, and very narrowly miffed the taking of the King himfelf. They returned after this with greater force: but Egbert had ftrengthened himself fo well against all events, that he forced them to fly back to their fhips with fo great loss, that we hear no more of them in these parts, during this Monarch's reign. When the whole nation fubmitted to the Norman yoke, this county was much coveted by the Conqueror's affociates; and he diftinguished his power and liberality in giving them the manors and poffeffions of the Saxons. At present it gives the title of Duke and Earl to Lionel Cranfield Sackville. The fituation of this county is thus defcribed It is bounded on the N. by Somersetshire and Wiltshire; on the E. by Hampshire; on the S. by the British fea; and on the W. by Devonfire and part of Somerfetfhire being in all about 150 miles in circumference; and measuring about 50 miles in length from E. to W. and about 30 miles where it is broadest. It is in the diocefe of Bristol, and the weftern circuit; and contains about 959 fquare miles, 772,000 acres, and 25,000 houses: which are divided into 28 hundreds, wherein are 248 parishes, 68 vicarages, 9 boroughs, 12 market-towns, 5 port-towns, and 1006 villages, inhabited by about 132,000, who fend zo Representatives to Parliament, and pay 9 parts in the proportion of 513 parts paid to the King's tax by all the counties in England. The prefent Knights to represent this fire in Parliament are G. Chafin of Chettle, near Blandford in this county, Efq; and G. Pitt of Stratfieldfea, Hants, LL.D. The principal rivers are the Stour and the Froom. The Stour rifes in Somerfetshire on the borders of this county, and running due S. to Sturminfter, it makes an angle, forms a courfe near W. S. W. and leaves Dorfetfhire about five miles below Winborn, falling foon after into the fea at Chrift-Church, in Hampshire. As to the Froom or Frome it springs at the eaft end of this county of Dorfet, and running moftly W. to Wareham, it falls a little below this town into the bay called Pool harbour. N. B. Thefe rivers are not only well stocked with all forts of fresh water fish, and the tench and eel of the Stour are particularly famous; but they conduce much to the carrying on and improv. ing the many valuable and flourishing manufactures in these parts. The air within this circumference is generally accounted wholefome, near the coaft mild and pleasant, but fomewhat sharp on the uplands; tho' it is remarkably pleafant and healthy in every part of it.-The foil is rich and fertile; the northern part, divided by a range of hills from the southern part, was formerly overspread with foreft-trees; but now affords good palture bury, Frampton, Beminfler, Evershot, Cern, Bere, Winborn, Milton, Blandford, Sturminster, Cranborn, and Sherborn, which are the other markettowns; of which in their order. pafture for cattle and the fouthern part, which confifteth chiefly of fine downs, feeds an incredible number of sheep, and fome of the largest, that are driven to Smithfield market, whofe flesh and wool are very fine. It is obfervable that their ewes generally bring two lambs, which is attributed to the thyme and other aromatic herbage, that abound upon the downs of this county; and for which reason they are bought up by all the farmers of the east part of England, who carry them to Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, Oxfordshire, Kent, Surrey, and even to Banftead downs, fo fam-mans, this was a winter-station for one ed for good mutton which is fupplied from hence. This county has been often ftiled The garden of England. The chief commodities of this county are corn, cattle, wool, fish, hemp, ftone, timber, fome marble, hemp, flax, tobacco-pipe clay, fine ale, and, above all, it is famous for its linnen and woollen manufactures. On the rocks along the coaft of this county many hands are employed and main tained by gathering Samphire and eryngo, which grow there in great plenty. And the fhore produceth fuch numbers of fwans, geefe, ducks, &c. that other counties are furnished from hence. And sportsmen feldom fail here of woodcocks, pigeons, pheafants, partridges, fieldfares, fparhawks, &c. Whoever has made the tour of England, must allow this to be, both for the traveller and the inhabitant, one of the pleasanteft counties in the realm; for, the charming profpect of the fea from the hills on one fide, and the fruitful plains tufted with woods and embroidered with winding rivers on the other, at once please the eye, and flatter the fancy. The principal towns in Dorsetshire are Dorchefter, Pool, Lyme, Weymouth, Melcomb-Regis, Bridport, Shaftsbury, or Shafton, Wareham, and Corfe-caftle; which are the nine boroughs that fend Members to the Parliament. Abbotf Dorchester is the county town, called Durnium or Dunium, by Ptolemy; and Durnovaria, by Antoninus. It is fituated on an afcent, with steep banks, down to the river Frome, by which it is washed on the north fide; beyond this river are fine meadows, and warm fandy lands; and on the fouth-weft the profpect opens into pleasant chalky downs. In the times of the Ro of their legions, and was a large town walled in and defended by a caftle. The foundations of that old wall are ftill very plainly to be traced round the town; but eastward a ftreet is built upon it, and the ditch is filled up; yet it retains the name of The Walls. They had also a fummer ftation, or a camp with five trenches, containing within them near ten acres of ground, and about a mile from the town, now called Maiden-castle. And the lovers of antiquity, who have viewed this work, pretend to tell us the ufe of every part; as first where the Pretorium or General's tent was pitched; then they place the foot on the weft fide of it; the horse and carriages on the eaft; and between both, on each fide of the Pretorium, they rank the Tribunes, and other Officers. But these are only conjectures, there being now no remains of the Roman improvements. For, The Danes, who ravaged all these western parts with their frequent invafions, razed its wall, and threw up certain trenches for their own use, and, after their own way, called Barrows, of which two remain to this day; one called Maumbury, an acre of land ditched round, and vulgarly fuppofed to have been a Roman amphitheatre: the terrace, on the top of which, is now a noted place of rendezvous, it being a pleafant circu lar walk, with a prospect of the town and country round it: the other is called Poundbury, which is fomewhat larger. They alfo, under King Swain, entirely demolished the caftle, and maffacred the inhabitants as at Exeter (See page 38, vol. IV.) out of whose ruins the grey friars were afterwards permitted to build themselves a convent. However, its fituation and fruitful foil prevailed fo much with the conquerors, that it is found in a flourishing condition in King Edward the Confeffor's reign; was honoured by two Mint-mafters, and had increafed to the number of 170 houfes. But, after the Norman conqueft, one, Hugh, that came in with the Conqueror, being made Sheriff of the county, and Governor of Dorchefter, demolished ioo of its houses, and ruined the inhabitants by his exactions and cruelty: till the King, perfuaded that the fecurity of the western coaft depended pretty much on the ftrength of this ftation, built a new cattle, and entrufted the command of it to one of the chiefeft of his Barons. The Ikening ftreet of the Romans is plainly traced here. And a great many Roman coins, &c. called by the inhabitants Dorn, or King Dor's money, are frequently dug up in the neighbourhood of this town. At present Dorchester is a corporation, confifling of a Mayor, two Bailifts, fix Aldermen, fix capital Burgeffes, and a Recorder; befides whom, there is a Governor chosen annually by twenty-four Common-council-men, whofe office is chiefly to look after the trade of the town, according to a charter of King Charles I. and a court of Common council, affifted by five capita! Burgeffes, determines all matters belonging to the privileges of the freemen. And this incorporated body hold the manor of the borough at a fee-farm rent from the crown; and keep three markets every week, en Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday; five fairs, on the 2d of Feb. 2d of May, Trinity-Monday, the 24th of June, and the 25th of July; the three laft for fheep and have power to receive the toll of both the markets and fairs to their own use. In the 29th of King Henry VIII, this town contained 349 houfes, bat on the 6th of August, 1613, about 300 of them, with Trinity and AllSaints churches, were entirely confumed by accidental fire; the lofs of which, with goods, &c. was computed at 200,000 /. yet not any one perfon perished in the flames. It now confifts of three parishes, and chiefly of three fpacious clean streets, which meet about the center of the town. And though the houfes are mostly thofe that rofe out of the ruins above mentioned, old and low according to the architecture of those times, yet they are built regular and of ftone. So that it may be faid, there are not many towns in England better built and paved than this.-St. Peter's church, a very handsome ftructure, and the town-hall ftand in one street, and in the two others are Trinity church, near which is the Shire hall, and All Saints church, and below that the county gaol with its chapel. Here is alfo a good free fchool, and a-handfome alms-house near it; befides two other alms houfes of private foundation, which are for the fupport and maintenance of poor impotent people, who are under the care of a Governor and Affiftarts. It was formerly noted for its broad cloth manufacture; but both that and the ferge trade have dwindled away very much, the town's-people inclining more to raise their fortunes by the great profit in breeding of fheep, of which it is faid no lefs than 600,000 are fed within fix miles of Dorchester every way. They alfo carry on a great trade in malt, which is fent to Bristol, and brew most incomparable beer, of which great quantities are vended |