\$752. Of DRAWING in PERSPECTIVE. the other, make any fuppofed circle, as 2. If you would elevate a perpendicnlar from the middle of your base, as in fig. 2. draw a horizontal line, and with your compafs divide it in the middle at A, then from the ends of this line extend your compaffes to the points cd, and make the arches which interfect each other at B, then draw your perpendicular from the place where thefe arches interfect each other, to the middle of your line before Imark'd at A. B 3. The horizon is the most diftant part of a plain, where the clouds, feeming to touch the earth, limit the fight. C The horizontal line gives the height of the eye, for we cannot fee any thing above the horizon, which does not fur-pafs this height; yet a mountain may 'raife its fummit above the horizon, tho' its foot be far beneath it. The horizontal line in a landskip, is a line parallel to the bafe, placed at the extremity of your profpect; and the method of making this and all other parallel lines, is by fixing your compaffes in your bafe, and then drawing two or more femicircles, as in OP, fig. 3. and then drawing your parallel line, fo as juft to touch the upper part of these arches, as in QR. D 4. The diagonal line is drawn from one E angle to another, as in ST, fig. 4. 5. To draw a geometrical plane, where the fides are all equal, and the lines, are interfected at equal diftances, you must first divide your base and your horizon into fo many equal divifions as you propofe to reprefent, and then mark out this firft divifion, by tines drawn from the bafe to the horizon, as in C, fig. 5. Then drawing faintly two diagonal lines, you need only obferve where these diagonal lines interfect those you had before drawn from the bafe to the horizon; for if you draw your crofs lines from the interfections made by your diagonals, as in C, fig. 6. your divifions will be on all fides as exactly equal, as if the fides as well as your bafe and horizon had been measured by the compaffes.... 6. Thefe fquares viewed in perspective, will appear in the form of a triangle: To reprefent which, your base must be May, 1752. 229 divided as before, into a certain number of equal parts, expreffed by lines drawn from the base to a point in the middle of the horizon, as in fig. 5. where A B reprefents the bafe, EE the horizon parallel to the bafe, and D the point of fight, to which all the lines in the base are directed. Here to represent the lines parallel to the bafe in the fame view in which they appear to the fight, draw the diagonal lines F F from each end of the horizon, from E to A, and from E to B, and where-ever thefe diagonals interfect thofe lines which extend to D, there you are to draw your crofs lines, as in fig. 6. To explain the ufe of this rule, let us fuppofe this figure to represent a wood formed into a number of vifta's, and that the whole being finished on a large plain, the diagonals rubbed out, and a tree placed at the interfection of every cross line, the distance of the trees from each other, as they appear to the eye, in viftas where the trees are regularly planted, will be exactly reprefented, the viftas will be continued as far as GG, when feeming to close by the length of the profpect, the viftas will join, and all beyond G G will be loft in the wood. Elevation in perfpective, or fcenography, is the art of bringing any thing elevated to a true proportion, according to the diftance in which it is placed, that all objects may be diminished according to their distance in a picture, in the fame degree in which they are diminished by diftance in a natural profpect. This is done by taking the firft or nearest object, and drawing a line from its head to the horizon, and another from its foot to the fame place, as in fig. 7. where a line is drawn from the head of the man at E, to the point of fight at F, and another line from between his legs at D (a fuppofed -perpendicular from E) to the fame point of fight at F, and where-ever you would place your men or women, this will be a guide for the height of your figures; for intance, if you would place a woman at a finall distance backward, make a point where you would have her stand, as at A, then drawing a line from this point -parallel to the bafe, till it interfects the -line DF at a, make a perpendicular from that part of the line DF from a, as high as the other line E F, and this perpendi cular will be an exact rule for determining her height. Thus the woman G, beGing placed on a line parallel to the base, F and joining to the perpendicular G, this *perpendicular is exactly the perspective height of the woman at G, tho' it is to be fuppofed, that the is really as tall as the man at E. "If you would have a man G% placed 230 Of the ACT for amending the STILE ACT. placed still farther diftant, as the man H, draw the bafe line bb on which he is to stand, and the perpendicular, as at H, and this perpendicular will give the height of the man H. Thus by the fame rule, the perpendicular I, will be the height of the man I, (the bafe line being given.) This rule holds good, whether your A horizon lies low, as in fig. 7. or high, as in fig. 8. in both cafes the lines which "determine the height of your objects, are drawn from the head and foot of your firft figure. Thus in fig. 8. where the horizon is placed high, the lines LK and MK being the height of the nearest woman, every other man or woman must be diminished in proportion to the distance, in the fame degree as thefe lines approach to each other, and therefore the perfons oppofite to the perpendiculars against which they are placed, ought to be of the fame height as those perpendiculars, nor ought any of thefe figures to be taller than the space between the lines LK and MK, in that part of thefe lines overagainst which they stand. As we have given cur Readers, in our Magazine for May last, p. 240, an Account of the Act for regulating the Commencement of the Year, and for correcting the Calendar; we shall now mention the feveral Articles, contained in an A paffed in the Laft Seffion of Parliament for amending the Said Act. HE firft claufe relates to communi TH B May ment of certain rents, &c. which may be The third and laft claufe relates to the to be on Oct. 28, being the feaft of St. Simon and Jude; and which by the general clause in the ftile act was left to be on the fame day. But whereas by the late act for the abbreviation of Michaelmas term, the folemnity of prefenting and fwearing the mayors of London before the barons of the Exchequer at WestminCfter, in the manner and form heretofore ufed on Oct. 29, is from and after Michaelmas day, in the year 1752, to be kept and obferved on Nov. 9, in every year; it is therefore directed by the prefent act, that the annual admission and fwearing of the mayor of London at the Guildhall there, fhall not at any time hereafter be performed on Oct. 28, but Don Nov. 8, in every year, being the day ties, or bodies politick or corporate, where the election of officers, or their entrance upon the execution of their offices, or the doing of other corporate acts, may by charters, customs, or usage, be fixed or required to be on fome cer- E tain nominal day or days of the month of September, falling between the 2d and 14th days of the same month, which nominal days are by the firft recited act required to be dropt or omitted for this prefent year, fo that there will not in fact be any nominal days between the faid 2d and 14th days of September, for this prefent year, whereon fuch corporate acts can be done: Wherefore it is enacted by this prefent act, that fuch elections and entrance on offices, and other corporate acts, fhall be done on the fame natural day or days of this year only, as fuch acts would, might, or ought to be done, in case the said first recited act had not been made. The fecond claufe relates to the times for opening and using, for common of pasture, or other purposes, certain lands and grounds, and again inclosing them and shutting them up, and for the pay F G next preceding the faid 9th day of No- 1752. Obfervations on Money, and falfe Learning, &c. 231 We further beg leave to affure your majesty, that any attempts to create jealoufies between your subjects of GreatBritain and Ireland, or to difunite their affections, can only proceed from the felfish and ambitious views of designing men, who have an intereft feparate and diftinct from that of your majefty and of A your faithful fubjects of this kingdom, ever ready and determined to maintain and fupport, to the utmost of their power, the honour and dignity of your majesty's crown and government, and the united interefts of both your kingdoms, at the hazard of our lives and fortunes. thanks. Be affured I will not fail to re- Obfervations on MONEY. By GEORGE F men confidered how many things there are that riches cannot buy they would not be fo fond of them. The things to be bought with money, are fuch as least deserve the giving a price for them. Wit and money are fo apt to be abused, that men generally make a fhift to be Cthe worfe for them. The effectual execution of the many D ufeful laws to which the royal affent hath been given, will greatly depend upon your authority and example: And I particularly recommend to you, to exert your utmost influence, to enforce obedience to the act now passed, which provides against that disgrace to government, a tumultuary and violent obftruction to the free administration of publick justice. Gentlemen of the House of Commons, Money in a fool's hand expofeth him worfe than a py'd coat. Money hath too great a preference given to it by ftates, as well as by particular men. Men are more the finews of war than money. The third part of an army must be deout of it. ftroyed, before a good one can be made They who are of opinion that money will do every thing, may very well be fufpected to do every thing for money. On falfe LEARNING. By the fame. Little learning misleadeth, and a A great deal often stupifieth the un E derstanding. I return you thanks in the king's name for the fupplies, which you have granted with your ufual chearfulness and unanimity. The declarations in your late addrefs to his majefty, of your unfeigned attachment to his royal perfon and go- F vernment, of your gratitude for the protection and fupport received at all times from the crown of Great-Britain, and of your refolution to cultivate a good understanding and harmony between the two kingdoms, cannot but be extremely acceptable to his majesty, who will justly refent, as the father of all his people, any attempts to propagate jealoufies, or G to difunite the affections of his common fubjects. My Lords and Gentlemen, The many obliging-expreffions in your addreffes to me demand my repeated Great reading without applying it, is like corn heaped that is not stirred; it groweth mufty. A learned coxcomb dyeth his mistakes in fo much a deeper colour: A wrong kind of learning ferveth only to embroider his errors. ment, is like a gun charged with goofeA man that hath read without judg fhot, let loofe upon the company. He is only well furnished with materials to expofe himself, and to mortify thofe he liveth with. The reading of the greatest scholars, if put into a limbeck, might be diftilled into a fmall quantity of effence. The reading of moft men, is like a wardrobe of old cloaths, that are feldom used Weak men are the worfe for the good fenfe they read in books, because it furnifheth them only with more matter to mistake. from the rofe, To drefs their fancy's queen; Fain would I fing, but words are faint, All mufick's pow'rs to weak to paint, My Jenny of the green, Poetical Essays in MAY, 1752. To Mr. BENJAMIN WILSON, F. R. S. -fpiratque coloribus arte [attend, unbend, And, midft the great, to rural strains Accept the tribute of thefe artless lays, The meed of merit, friendship's honeft praise. [phick lore, Leave then th' abftrufe, the philofoAnd deep researches in th' electrick pow'r, Nor aim additions to th' instructive page, Which roufes thought, and does each fenfe engage; [infpires, Strange is that heat, the magick shock. While glows our clay with new Promethean fires. [imparts Far diff'rent thrills your pencil-pow'r They fmite the fancy, and imprefs the heart ; difplay; The living figures our rapt eyes furvey, [wit Thofe first in learning, eloquence, and fo That firm affertor of his country's caufe That aspect open, and that front ferene; Oh much too early loft, and ever mourn'di Gives pleafing anguish, and a fad delight The talk now varies :-Lo! the pencils ceafe, (Employ when vary'd, is a grateful eafe) Now lightly trace it with an easy care; 233 This Rembrandt practis'd, far-fam'd Rembrandt, the Titian of a later age; 'Tis yours, to equal this great master's Alike your genius, and your art the fame; Much do our doubts your each performance raise, must allow, If he deferv'd, or you deferve, the praise ; Some weep, by partial fate undone, Or when the good could not prevail, Has not th' All-feeing eye beheld ? Ah me! what, helpless, have I faid? I deem'd, but ah I deem'd in vain, A pourtrait of the late Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart. etched by Mr. Wilson, and just now published. A celebrated Flemish painter, who flourished, circa A. D. 1640. His works have been much admired, especially his etchings, done in a manner peculiar to himself;' and lately happily imitated, and improved upon, by the ingenious gentleman, to whom the ale lines are addreffed. |