Stones to the side of the Road, to be broken there, but on no account on the Road itself, agreeably to the directions already given. All the Stones which exceed six ounces being thus removed, the road must be put into shape, and the surface smoothed by the rake; and then the newly broken Stones are to be replaced on the Road, and consolidated, as already directed. See article 2, 3, and 4. When ten inches of clean Stones are found in the old Road, no new materials will be needed; and if there be a smaller quantity, as many new Stones should be brought forward, and laid on, as will make up that thickness.

A small space of Road only, as two or three yards all across, should be lifted at once, and that should be relaid before another piece is lifted. The complement of hands usually required is five persons, two picking up and raking, and three breaking Stones. Betwixt October and May is the proper season for this operation.

Roads made of Gravel or of soft Stones, do not admit of being new modelled by lifting, neither will the above directions apply to the case of a Road much out of shape, or in very great disorder.

7. Management. So much depends upon the proper remedy being applied to each particular Road, and to each part of a Road, and it is a matter of such difficulty precisely to determine in every case what that remedy ought to be, that the introduction of the System thus proposed cannot, with any prospect of success, be attempted without the appointment of a General Surveyor, of respectable rank and character, and of a liberal education, previously instructed in the principles and practice of Road-making. For every district or division of the Road there must also be an active Sub-Surveyor appointed by the district, and regularly instructed, to act under the direction of the Surveyor General in the executive department. The Labourers and Carters will be under the charge of the Sub-Surveyor, and should all be employed by the piece.

Under such a system, so managed, this intelligent Author promises, at all seasons of the year, smooth and solid Roads, and at an expence so much inferior to that which attends the present System, that a gradual diminution of the debt and of the toll-duties may be relied on.

Those who desire more detailed information on this important subject, or who wish to peruse the evidence of the success which, both in practical use and in economy, has uniformly attended Mr. M'Adam's Improved System of Road-making, wherever it has been acted on, are referred to a little Treatise published by Mr. M'Adam himself, at

Bristol, last February, and to the Report of a Select Com mittee of the House of Commons, dated 25th June last.

T. C.

On Saturday the 17th of last month, a destructive fire broke out at Woolbridge, Dorset, which in about four hours destroyed twenty-seven dwelling houses, a malt-house with a large quantity of malt, a baker's store-room, containing seventy bags of flour, many out-houses, barns, and sta bles and we are sorry to add, that a woman who was confined was burnt to death. The fire began at the Bear public-house, the landlord of which had been shooting, and the wadding of his gun lodged in the thatch. Such was the rapidity of the flames, that the work of destruction was complete before the engines of Wareham could be on the spot. -Country Paper.

Care of a mother for her young.-A short time since, at Wimeswold, in Leicestershire, a gorse covert had been set on fire; and, after the fire was over, the nest of a thrush was observed on a gorse-bush, and several young ones were found in the nest half scorched to death. The mother was sitting upon them, and was found burnt to death. She chose to die for the sake of endeavouring to protect her helpless brood.-London Paper.

A meeting has been held in London of gentlemen who have resolved, "That a Society be formed for the purpose of preventing, as far as possible, the cruel treatment of brute animals." A committee of twelve members was appointed to prepare the outline of a plan for the establishment of such a society.

When the Gaol Committee of Newcastle upon Tyne met to decide on the merits of a number of designs; that by Mr. Dobson, the architect of the Northumberland Gaol, House of Correction, Sessions House, &c. was adopted, as being the best calculated for classification, inspection, employment, and security. This plan, which is quite original, had met with the approbation of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline, and of our most experienced Governors of Prisons.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

T. B. P. in our next.

We have received A No thumpionshire Curate; W. E. L.; A Constant Reader; First Report of the Oswestry Society for bettering the condition and increasing the comforts of the Poor; and Cumberland.

THE

Cottager's Monthly Visitor.

SEPTEMBER, 1823.

REMARKS

On the Twelfth Chapter of Genesis, from thesixth Verse to the end; and on the Thirteenth Chapter, from the first to the tenth Verse.

(Continued from page 294, Vol. III.)

V. 6. "Place of Sichem." This is the place called in John v. 4. Sychar. Where He who was "in all things made like unto His brethren," and endured their infirmities, sat wearied with His journey, on the well, and held converse with the woman of Samaria.

V. 7. Here the Lord distinctly tells Abram which was to be the land that his posterity should inherit -namely, the land of Canaan.-"Unto thy seed will I give this land."

V. 8. In 1 Cor. i. 2. Saint Paul distinguishes Christians as those "who in every place call upon the name of our Lord Jesus Christ;" and how exemplary is the conduct of Abram in this particular. His first care, wherever he pitched his tent, seems to have been to build an altar, and call upon the name of the Lord. It is an easy matter to observe religious duties and ordinances among those who are religious; but how is it with you when credit and favour are rather to be lost than gained by such observances? Do you cleave the more closely to Him who is "able to make you stand," or do you "follow a multitude to do evil?-And remark, Abram not NO. 33.-VOL. III.

S

only called on the name of the Lord, but builded an altar. He not only believed in his heart, but confessed with his lips, and devoutly worshipped the Lord his God.

The remainder of the chapter relates a transaction very unworthy of Abraham, the father of the faithful, admonishing us in the strongest manner, "Let him that thinketh he standeth, take heed lest he fall"-and enforcing the exhortation; "Trust in the Lord with all thine heart, and lean not unto thine own understanding; in all thy ways acknowledge Him and He will direct thy paths."-What must have been Abram's feelings when he saw her, whom in his cowardly policy he had called his sister, taken in to Pharaoh's house. "The fear of man bringeth a snare, but whoso putteth his trust in the Lord shall be safe."

CHAPTER THE THIRTEENTH.

The thirteenth chapter of Genesis gives an account of the separation of Abram, and Lot, his nephew, who came with him from Ur of the Chaldees, to Haran, (Gen. xi. 31.) and into Canaan. Gen. xii. 4, 5.

"Blessed

V. 8. "Let there be no strife," &c. are the peace-makers, for they shall be called the children of God; and how eminently does Abram prove his right to this glorious title, by his conduct on this occasion. He was the elder, the superior, who had an unbounded right to the choice; and yet, for the sake of peace, we find him yielding it up to Lot, his nephew. This disposition to give up our rights, to preserve peace, and prevent contention, is not in nature. Our proud hearts are ever ready to say, "No; he is in the wrong, let him give way, let him make the first concessions;" and therefore it is, that the possession of this temper proves a man to be a partaker of the meek spirit of his Lord and Saviour.

دو

. But, alas! how little do we see of this temper even among those from whom we should expect better things! "If I were in the wrong, they will say, I should willingly give up the point; but when I know that it is my right I cannot give way. it were not your right, common honesty would require that you should give way. It is only when it clearly is your right, and that to maintain it would: produce a contest, that the spirit of a peace-maker is shewn in yielding the point.

If

Again, take notice how the dispute between Abram and Lot arose. It began among their servants. The flocks and herds of each were so numerous, that water and forage became scarce, and the servants could not agree about the division. And how often do quarrels originate in this way. The heads of a family, perhaps, have too much sense to begin a contention themselves about a trifle, but their servants disagree, and they must support them; or their children quarrel, and they must take their part, they cannot see them abused. Is it not often the case, that the most violent quarrels begin in some petty dispute, between the children of two neighbouring families; in which, though perhaps both are equally to blame, the foolish parents take the part of their children, instead of correcting their quarrelsome temper? How much better was Abram's conduct. Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, and between my herdmen and thy herdmen. To act otherwise, not only teaches your children to set far too great a value on the passing circumstances of a passing world, but encourages pride, and passion, and an angry spirit; which will make them, and all with whom they are connected, wretched through life. What does it signify, whether your neighbour's child struck your's first, or your's struck his? or whether he set, or followed, the example of stealing apples from a neighbour's tree. He did

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