"Bailiffs of the Barons of the Cinque Ports to Yarmouth," and this judicial privilege naturally occasioned jealousy in the breasts of the Yarmouth magistrates. This corporation, even when the bailiffs were sent thither from the Cinque Ports, was possessed of very extraordinary privileges, some of which were superior to those enjoyed by the Cinque Ports themselves in their separate local or municipal jurisdictions; the borough of Yarmouth being possessed of a capital jurisdiction by charter of the 9th Henry VII. And they had also a Court of Admiralty enjoying full powers, exempt from the jurisdiction of the Admiralty of England, by charter of the 1st of Elizabeth.

Jan. 13. Thomas Stapleton, esq. V.P. Benjamin Williams, esq. F.S.A. communicated in a letter to Captain W. H. Smyth, Director, a copy of some satirical English rhymes on the defeat of the Flemings, and their raising the siege of Calais, in 1436, inserted in a very fine copy of the Brut or English Chronicle ending that year, in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth, No. VI.

The reading of Mr. King's paper on the jurisdiction of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk was afterwards continued.

Jan. 20. Thomas Amyot, esq. V. P. The resolution proposed was ordered, in conformity with the statutes, to be put to the ballot on Thursday the 3rd of February. The Secretary read the remaining portion of Mr. King's communication. After giving some further details respecting the co-jurisdiction of the Barons of the Cinque Ports with the magistrates of Great Yarmouth, Mr. King observed that jealousies frequently arose between the members of this mixed juridical commission, approaching even to personal violence; and this observation is corroborated by several extracts from these fishery records of later dates, in 1606, in 1612, and in 1616. Ten years after this last, in the 2nd of Charles the First, it appears that a Brotherhood should have been holden in 1625, but was deferred, and wholly discontinued, by common consent, by reason of the infection and danger of the plague. From this time the custom declined At a court held at New Romney in 1639 it was ordered, "that suit shall be made to his Majesty and Privy Council, that the ports and towns be discharged of the great charge and fruitless service of the bayliffs to Great Yarmouth, as the Ports' Counsell shall ordain," and, though some fines were afterwards imposed for non-performance of the service, the bailiffs of the cinque ports paid their last visit in the year 1662. John Yonge Akerman, esq. F.S.A. laid

before the Society drawings of two very perfect specimens in bronze of torqués, and of a pair of armillæ, the whole recently discovered during the progress of railway excavations in the West of England. He considered these objects highly interesting from the circumstance of such being rarely found in England of bronze. He also exhibited a drawing of the fragment of a gold torques of a pattern which has often been engraved, transmitted to him by Mr. Richard Falkner of Devizes, found in the neighbourhood of that town in the autumn of 1844. Mr. Akerman remarked, that the torques was a Persian ornament or decoration is known, not only from the Mosaic discovered at Pompeii in 1831 (Mus. Borbon. viii.), but also from the noted passage in Quintus Curtius (lib. iii. c. 3). The use of this ornament by the Celtic tribes, of which we have the best existing examples, coupled with the historical notices of Livy and other writers, may be regarded as one of many proofs that the human tide, in the earlier ages, flowed from East to West. That the Greeks hellenized, and that the Romans latinized, every nation with which they came in contact, is illustrated by two great antiquarian instances: first, the imitation of Greek coins by barbarian and semi-barbarian states, even as far as the Punjaub, after the conquests of Alexander the Great; and secondly, the Roman, or rather Byzantine character of the workmanship of objects discovered in Europe, within limits extending from this island as far as the shores of the Black Sea. From these and other facts, he is led to infer that the more costly and elegant objects of personal ornament discovered in this island are not the production of native workmen, but that they are of exotic origin.

Major Charles Ker Macdonald exhibited a collection of antiquities of different kinds partly found by him during his travels in the Desert of Arabia Petræa, Palestine, and Egypt, accompanied by some memoranda in illustration. Among these were a number of spear and arrow - heads of flint found on the top of a mountain to the north-west of Mount Sinai; Egyptian beads, porcelain, fragments of pottery, iron rings, and a bronze chain; with a number of leaden pellets or sling-bullets from Sicily.

Jan. 27. Henry Hallam, esq. V.P.

The Secretary entered upon the reading of a description of the Monument discovered by Sir Charles Fellows at Xanthus; by Benjamin Gibson, esq. sculptor, of Rome. This monument has been previously described by Mr. W. W. Lloyd (see vol. XXVII. p. 473), with whom

Mr. Gibson agrees in concluding that it was erected to commemorate the conquest of Lycia by the Persians and Ionians, united under the command of Harpagus, the lieutenant of Cyrus, about five cen turies before Christ. Mr. Gibson entered fully into the history of Lycia, and, a part of his memoir having been read, the remainder was deferred to another meeting. Feb. 3. Viscount Mahon, President. Robert Hay, esq. presented to the Society's Museum a bulla, or leaden seal, of Pope Boniface the Ninth, found several years ago in the vicarage garden at Don

caster.

A short communication was read from J. B. Bunning, esq. dated Office of Works, Guildhall, 3rd February, 1848, accompanied by a plan explanatory of the groundplot and dimensions, as far as is laid open, of the Roman apartment lately discovered in Lower Thames Street.-This remain has been already described in our last Magazine, p. 293.

A letter from J. Y. Akerman, esq. F.S.A. to Capt. W. H. Smyth, Director, was read, illustrative of the use of the enamelled vessel discovered some years ago in one of the Bartlow tumuli, and engraved in the 26th volume of the Archæologia. Mr. Akerman accompanied it with the exhibition of drawings of three coins. The reverse of one in large brass, of Faustina the elder, in the cabinet of Dr. John Lee, represents a female figure in the act of offering a sacrifice of perfumes, in whose left hand is a vessel of globose shape with a rectangular handle, precisely similar to that alluded to, found in a Bartlow tumulus. The two other drawings were from gold coins in the cabinet of the British Museum, the reverses of which also incontestably prove the identity of the same object. From the reverses of these coins Mr. Akerman finds the best reasons for concluding, that the Bartlow enamelled vessel was consecrated to the holding of incense used at the funeral of the individual whose ashes were discovered in the bustum, and, being thus used, was deposited as a precious relic with the remains. A coin of Hadrian, discovered in one of the Bartlow tumuli, proved that the interment was not earlier than the reign of that Emperor, while those of which drawings accompanied Mr. Akerman's letter seem to point to the reign of Antoninus Pius, or to that of his immediate successors, as the period of the raising of these tumuli.

Feb. 10. Thomas Amyot, esq. V.P. John Lycett, esq. exhibited an iron buckle, a brass fibula, and seventeen beads, some of them of rough amber, others of an

amethystine quartz, all found in Nov. 1817, by a labourer employed to level a tumulus situated in a field called “Chavenage Slait," in the parish of Avening, in Gloucestershire. The mound or tumulus was circular, elevated about six feet above the general level of the field, but so extensive as to occupy nearly a quarter of an acre. Upon breaking open the mound from the summit, and only half a yard beneath the surface, was a skeleton, tolerably perfect, not inclosed by any artificial defence, nor accompanied by any implement. Beneath, to the depth of another yard, many large flag-stones occurred, placed horizontally, on the removal of which the whole central area, to the extent of many square yards, exhibited evident marks of cremation, consisting of an abundance of wood-ashes, half-burned human bones, and black earth, in one part to the thickness of four or five inches. Beyond the central area, and forming the entire circumference of the tumulus, were seven graves, each composed of large rough flag-stones placed leaning against each other, like the roof of a house, three or four forming the side of a grave. these contained an adult skeleton, except one, which had two skeletons, placed with the head of one to the feet of the other. One skeleton had the right fore-arm raised against the side of the grave, and rested against a spear-head. The grave contained several other iron spear-heads, from five to seven inches in length, but much decayed, six or seven iron buckles, and a single small iron basin. One skeleton had about the neck a number of beads, from which those exhibited to the Society were selected. The same grave contained two ear-rings of silver.

Each of

The Secretary proceeded to the further reading of Mr. Gibson's memoir on the Xanthian Monument.

Feb. 17. Viscount Mahon, President. The President announced that he had nominated Auditors of the accounts of the Society-the Lord Bishop of Oxford; Octavius Morgan, esq. M.P.; John Bruce, esq.; and Thomas Crofton Croker, esq. His lordship also stated that the office of Joint Secretary, now vacant, will be filled by election on the next April anniversary, the gentleman to be so elected, however, not to enter upon his duties, nor commence his salary of 1001. per annum until the expiration of Mr. Long's engagement as Clerk, on the 24th of June. Secretary will be expected to reside in the Society's apartments alloted to his use.

The

Charles Roach Smith, esq. F.S.A. exhibited a Roman statuette, apparently of a Cupid, recently discovered at Colchester,

and now the property of William Wire, esq. of that town.

The Secretary then read the remainder of Mr. Gibson's paper on the Xanthian monument. Having detailed the cities which sent their contingent forces to the army of Harpagus, and endeavoured to show from their coins the correspondence between them and the emblems at the feet of the statues of the peristylium, Mr. Gibson proceeded to speak of the pediment. In its centre are seen a god and goddess sitting opposite each other, with a remarkable difference in proportion as compared with the other figures near them, which, though from their dress and character they are clearly adults, are yet much less in size. In this is seen a mode of art, adopted by the Greeks from the Egyptians, of representing the gods of a much larger size than mortals, and the latter, when in their presence, much less, so as to give an idea of the supernatural and more elevated nature of the gods. The author quotes a passage in the eighteenth book of the Iliad to support this observation, and refers to various Greek relievi long subsequent to Homer's time, to show the universality of such representative custom. Mr. Gibson determines the god and goddess to be Jupiter and Juno, the former of whom was universally worshipped by the Carians, upon whose coins he is also represented. On the right hand of Jupiter stands his priest, with his hand resting on the knee of the god; the figure has lost its head, but can be recognized as a priest of Jove from one similarly dressed in Montfaucon. Close by him is the priestess of Juno, with both her hands on the knees of the goddess, in the act of thanksgiving. The figures in succession are the attendants of the priest and priestess; the priestess has her head adorned with a similar diadem to that worn by the goddess; for it was customary with the Greeks to dress and crown the priests and priestesses in the same manner as the deities whom they served. Thus, in the sacrifices of Apollo, the priests were crowned with laurel; the priestesses of Ceres with poppies and ears of corn; and the priestess of Minerva bore the ægis, cuirass, and helmet. Consequently, Mr. Gibson says, the subject of the pediment is the priestess of Juno and the priest of the Carian Jupiter returning thanks for the victory obtained over the Lycians. He next considers the three youthful statues on the apex of the pediment which he determines to be Lydus, Misus, and Cares, the three reputed founders of the Carians; and typifying that the use of this temple was granted to the descendants of those three GENT. MAG. VOL. XXIX.

brothers. The bas-reliefs which go round the cella appear to represent hunting scenes and funereal sacrifices; and on one part of the frieze we see both the Persians and the Greeks bringing their offerings,those of the former consisting of tapestry, dresses, &c. while those of the latter are goats and kids.

A cella being attached to this edifice, gives it the appearance of its being also a sepulchral heroum; and the two cisterns found connected with it, evidently for lustration, tend to strengthen this idea. On comparing it with similar edifices erected by the Lydians and Persians, Mr. Gibson says, we shall find it will amount to more than presumptive evidence. Having quoted Herodotus's description of the sepulchre of Halyattes, the father of Croesus-the sepulchre of Cyrus as decribed by Arrian -that erected by Simon Macchabeus to his father and brethren-the mausoleum at Halicarnassus-and the tomb of the Horatii and Curiatii, he considers the cella of the Xanthian Monument as the heroum of Harpagus. He also submits reasons for supposing that it was built about 500 years B. C., and that it has stood through all the vicissitudes of Lycian history, until a late period of the Christian era; when it appears to have been thrown from its eminence by an earthquake,- for the lead used in binding the marble blocks together was found entire.

CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. Feb. 28. Rev. Professor Corrie in the chair.

The following communications were made:

1. By the Rev. C. Hardwick, of St. Catharine's Hall, some specimens of the dialect of North Yorkshire, many of which are not included in Mr. Halliwell's " Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words."

2. The Rev. J. J. Smith, of Caius college, read extracts from certain letters, with a view to draw attention to the valuable manuscript collections preserved in the College Libraries.

3. The Rev. J. J. Smith gave a report of the results of an excursion to the church of Little Shelford, near Cambridge, made by some members of the Society. After shortly noticing the architectural and other peculiarities of the church, and mentioning the discovery of several stone coffins, he stated that under the floor of the pew of the Lord of the Manor it was traditionally believed that two monumental brasses existed, and that upon removing the boarding they were discovered in a beautiful state of preservation. They are of about the date of 1120, and commemorate members of the Freville family, for

3 G

merly Lords of Little Shefford, and one of whom is considered as the founder of the Lati Engravings are intended to be pathisted by the Society.

4. Mr. Issian Deck exhibited a necklace formed of rəngh amber, quarts, and coloured glass beads, and perforated RoIhan coins, all of them much water-worn; the glass coloured with cobalt. They were found at Wibralam, Cambriagestire, to gether with several other carious objects.

5. Mr. John Anthony, of Caius college, exhibited two stee. caskets, of the 15th century, brought by him from Naremburg, beautiful in structure, and having remarkable and compacated locks-one of four, the other of eight boits. When closed the key-boies are capable of being concealed, and a frise one is placed in front to add to the deception.

painted on them in a maron colour. Their date is supposed to be 616 years before Christ. A second class is of a pale red clay; and the figures, instead of being of a maron colour, were traced in black in order to show the details more distinctly. This style appears to date from the fifth to the middle of the fourth century before Christ. The third class is one in which the colour was laid on by means of a reed. But perhaps the highest style, and one peculiar to the vases found at Athens, is that in which the outline of the figures, &c. is traced on the body of the vase in a white paint or a sort of carbonate of lime. The specimens exhibited he thought pecularly interesting, as deciding that the vases of Italy may be considered to be the manufacture of Greeks settled there—not having been imported from Greece into that country.

GREEK VASES.

At a recent meeting of the Society of Arts, a paper by Dr. Harding was read "On some Ancient Vases excavated by him from Tombs near Hexamili, on the Isthmus of Corinth." Hexamili lies between Corinth and its ancient port of Chincre, within three miles of the spot where the Isthmian games were celebrated. The plan adopted in searching for tombs is that of boring the ground with augers, seven feet long. They are discovered generally about four feet, and as soon as the covering of the tomb is exposed, a man sits down with a heavy hammer (such as is used by masons), and with this a hole is made in the lid or covering to the tomb. A hand is then carefully introduced, and human bones, vases, &c. are generally extracted. The greatest number of vases that Dr. Harding found in any one tomb was fourteen-and children's tombs had proportionally small vases. In three days he collected enough to load one of the small horses of the country, and they have been brought to London.

Mr. Birch of the British Museum observed that it was only of late years that the conclusion has been come to that large manufactories of vases existed in Greece. The fictile art had been supposed to be confined to Italy; although numerous excavations had been made at Athens, and a few at Corinth, which had produced specimens similar to those exhibited. The present specimens be divided into four classes. The most ancient (distinguished from all others by the material) are of a light yellow clay, with figures and animals

ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES.

We rejoice to hear that, in consequence of the recommendation of the Trustees of the Museum to her Majesty's Government, steps have been taken for the removal of Mr. Layard's antiquities from Busserat. The smaller objects-Mr. Layard's rubbings, and the so-called obelisk, have been shipped on board the Clyde, and will be transferred to the Elphinstone, to be sent to Bombay, from whence they will be sent to England. Seventy or eighty of the larger slabs are still lying on the quay at Marghill, as the ship sent is quite inadequate to stow them, for which purpose a first-rate steamer must be despatched from Bombay. A cast of the Assyrian monuments discovered in Cyprus is to be sent from Berlin to the British Museum. The public may soon expect to see a work from Mr. Layard, in one volume 8vo., on his discoveries at Nineveh, which is to precede the publication of the drawings which he made, and which are to be published by subscription. ivory panels discovered at Nimroud, which had become almost fossilized through age, have been restored to their pristine condition in a most able manner by Mr. Flower, under the direction of the Dean of Westminster. Colonel Rawlinson is continuing his researches on the Assyrian cuneiform characters. His results appear to differ considerably from those of Dr. Hincks and others who have attempted the interpretation. A paper will soon appear from his pen, on the Assyrians under the Persians, which he has analysed completely by means of the Bisitonn inscriptions.

The

HOUSE OF COMMONS.

Feb. 22. The Chancellor of the Exchequer moved the appointment of two select committees -one to report on the expenditure of the Army, the Ordnance, and the Navy; and the other to report on the Miscellaneous Expenditure of the country. Between the years 1835 and 1847, the expenditure on the army, navy, and ordnance, had increased from 11,700,000l. to 17,300,0007.; and the Government thought the increase a fit subject for inquiry.

Mr. Hutt moved for a select committee to consider the best means which Great Britain can adopt for mitigating the horrors of the SLAVE TRADE, and providing for its final extinction. He contended that the maintenance of our blockading squadron on the coast of Africa had aggravated the cruelty of the slave trade without checking it; while it caused a vast annual expenditure of money and of the lives of our sailors. Mr. Jackson seconded the motion, which was agreed to.

Feb. 24. Lord Duncan moved for leave to bring in a Bill for the removal of the TAX ON WINDOWS. He dwelt on the injurious operation of the impost on the health and morals of the people; and proposed to make up for the loss of revenue by retrenchment.-Mr. Hume seconded the motion. -The House divided, for Lord Duncan's motion, 68; against it, 160.

Mr. Ewart obtained leave to bring in a Bill to establish a power of APPEAL IN CRIMINAL CASES; and Mr. Colville to bring in a Bill to enable all occupiers of land, having a right to kill HARES on that land, to do so by themselves or persons authorized by them, without being required to take out game certificates.

Feb. 25. On the Committee of Supply being moved, Mr. Hume moved an amendment that it was expedient that the ExPENDITURE of the country should be reduced not only to render an increase of taxation in this Session unnecessary, but that the expenditure should be further reduced as speedily as possible to admit of a reduction of the present amount.-The House divided,-for Mr. Hume's amendment, 59; against it, 157.

The House then went into a Committee of Supply, and 1,100,000l. was proposed to defray the expenses of the KAFIR WAR.Mr. Hume moved an amendment that the

chairman report progress, in order to give the House time to ascertain the true character of the whole proceeding.-After a short discussion the committee dividedfor the estimate, 252; for the amendment, 61.

Feb. 28. The Chancellor of the Exchequer announced that the Government do not mean to press the resolution which implies an addition to the INCOME TAX.

Feb. 29. Colonel Dunne moved for a committee to inquire into the working of the POOR-LAW IN IRELAND. The motion was supported by the majority of the Irish members, but opposed on the part of the Government. It was negatived by 165

to 101.

On the motion of Mr. Newdegate a Select Committee was ordered to be appointed to inquire into the law and custom of different parts of the United Kingdom, as between out-going and in-coming TENANTS, and also as between landlord and tenant, in reference to unexhausted improvements or deterioration of land and premises occupied for agriculural

purposes.

March 2. Dr. Bowring moved an address to the Crown for the appointment of a commission to inquire into the grievances of the ISLE OF MAN. The inhabitants chiefly complained that their legislature was self-elected and irresponsible; that they had no code of written laws; and no municipal institutions. They prayed for a free constitution.-Sir G. Grey said a complete remedy for the evils complained of was not to be found in a separate constitution for Man, or in a re-construction of the local courts, so much as in the annexation of the island for all legislative and judicial purposes with some part of the United Kingdom. He said the matter should receive the attention of the Government.-Sir R. H. Inglis recommended the inhabitants to remain quiet, as they would not gain much by annexation." The motion was withdrawn.

March 3. On the motion for going into committee of Ways and Means, Mr. Horsman moved an amendment, that if the INCOME TAX be continued, it is expedient to amend the act, and not to impose the same charge on incomes arising from professional and precarious sources as on those derived from real property; and that upon income derivable from real property and the funds the tax should be in