the grasp by swinging away; or he would drop suddenly on her from the ropes aloft, and then engage in various playful antics. He would play in a similar manner with adults, but always seemed to have a preference for children. If an attempt was, however, made by the child to play with him when he had no inclination, or after he had sustained some disappointment, he usually made a slight impression with his teeth on her arm, just sufficient to act as a warning that no liberties were to be taken with his person; or as the child would say, "Ungka no like play now." Not unfrequently, a string being tied to his leg, the child would amuse herself by dragging the patient animal about the deck; tired, however, of such practical jokes, without having himself any share in the fun, he endeavoured to disengage himself and retire: on finding his efforts fruitless, he would quietly walk up to the child, make an impression with his teeth on one of the members that were the nearest, soon terminate the sport, and procure his liberty.

There were also on board the ship several small monkeys, with whom Ungka was desirous of forming interesting "conversaziones," to introduce a social character among them, to while away the tedious hours, and to dissipate the monotony of the voyage; but to this the monkeys would not accede, and they all cordially united to repel the approaches of the "little man in black," by chattering, and sundry other hostile movements peculiar to their race. Ungka, thus repelled in his endeavours to establish a social intercourse, determined to punish them for their impudence: when they again united to repel him, by chattering and divers other impudent tricks, he seized a rope, and, swinging towards the nearest, seized his "caudal appendage," and hauled away upon it, until the agility of the monkey obliged him to relinquish his hold. But it not unfrequently happened that he made his way up the rigging, dragging the monkey by the tail after him, and if he required both hands to expedite his ascent, the tail of his captive would be passed into the prehensile power of his foot. These ludicrous scenes were performed by Ungka with the most perfect gravity of countenance; having no caudal extremity himself, he knew that he was free from any retaliation. As this treat

ment was far from being amusing to the monkeys, they afterwards either avoided him, or made so formidable a defence on his approach, that Ungka was obliged to refrain from indulging himself in "tale-bearing." He had, however, such an inclination to draw out tails, that, being obliged from "peculiar circumstances" to relinquish those of the monkeys, he cultivated the friendship of a little pig that ran about the deck, and, taking his tail in his hand, endeavoured, by fre

scraps were

quent pulling, to reduce it from a curled to a straight form; but all his efforts were in vain: although piggy did not express any ill-feeling at his kind endeavours. On the dinner being announced by the steward, he invariably entered the cuddy, took his station near the table, and " thankfully received." If when once at dinner he was laughed at, he vented his indignation at being made the subject of ridicule, by uttering his peculiar hollow barking noise, at the same time inflating the air sac, and regarding the persons laughing with a most serious look until they had ceased, when he would quietly resume his dinner. He disliked confinement, or being left alone; when shut up, he would display great ebullitions of temper, but would be perfectly quiet when released. At sunset when desirous of retiring to rest, he would approach his friends, uttering his peculiar chirping note, beseeching to be taken into their arms: his request once acceded to, he was as difficult to remove as Sinbad's Old Man of the Sea, any attempt to remove him being followed by violent screams; he clung still closer to the person in whose arms he was lodged, and it was difficult to remove him until he fell asleep. His tailless appearance, when the back is turned towards the spectator, and his erect posture, gives an appearance of a little black hairy man; and such an object might easily have been regarded by the superstitious as one of the imps of darkness.

The limbs, from their muscular and strong prehensile power, render the animal a fit inhabitant for the forest (fig. 44.); enabling him to spring from tree to tree with an agility that we have frequently witnessed him display about the rigging of the ship; passing down the backstays, sometimes hanging by his hands, at others by walking down them in the erect posture, like a rope-dancer, balancing himself by his long arms; or he would spring from one rope at a great distance to another, or would drop from one above to another below. Being aware of his inability to readily escape pursuit when running on a level surface, his first object, when about to make an attack, was to secure a rope, and swing towards the object he was desirous of attacking; if defeated, he eluded pursuit by climbing out of reach. He was very fond of sweatmeat's, dates, &c.; some Manilla sweet cakes that were on board he was always eager to procure, and would not unfrequently enter the cabin in which they were kept, and endeavour to lift up the cork of the jar: he was not less fond of onions, although their acridity would cause him to sneeze and loll out his tongue; when he took one he put it in his mouth, and eat it with great rapidity. He could not endure disappointment,

and, like the human species, was always better pleased when he had his own way; when refused any thing, he would display all the ebullitions of temper of a spoiled child, lie on deck, roll about, throw his arms and legs in various

directions, dash every thing about that might be within his reach, walk about, repeat the same scene as before, uttering during the time the guttural notes of ra, ra: the employment of coercive measures during the paroxysms reduced him in a short period to a system of obedience, and the temper was in some degree checked. He had not an unapt resemblance to a spoiled child, who may justly be defined as papa's pride, mamma's darling, the visiter's terror, and an annoyance to all the living animals, men and maid servants, dogs, cats, &c., in the house that he may be inhabiting.

The position of the feet, when the animal walks, is turned outwards, and the great toe, which has a capability of great

extension, is spread out wide, giving a broader surface to the foot; when he walks, to use a nautical phrase, "he sways the body," and stepping at once on the whole of the under surface of the foot, occasions a pattering noise, like that which is heard when a duck or any aquatic bird walks on the deck of a ship. When the weather is cold, he is seen huddled together, loses all his lively and playful manner, and sleeps much during the day on the return of warm weather, it imparts life to the animal; his spirits revive, he resumes his gambols and sportive gaiety. Although every kindness was shown to him by the officers and crew, and sweetmeats were given to him by them, he would not permit himself to be taken in the arms, or caressed familiarly by any person on board during the voyage, except the commander, Mr. Hays the third officer, and myself; all those, in particular, who wore large bushy whiskers he particularly avoided.

When he came at sunset to be taken into my arms, and was refused, he would display a paroxysm of rage, but that being unsuccessful, he would mount the rigging, and hanging over the deck on which I was walking, would suddenly drop himself into my arms. It was ludicrous to behold the terrified looks of the animal, and half-suppressed screams, if his finger was taken towards a cup of hot tea, as if to ascertain its temperature. He would frequently hang from a rope by one arm, and, when in a frolicksome humour, frisk about, shut his eyes, and have a resemblance to a person hanging and in the agonies of death.

When strangers came on board, he approached them at such a distance as he considered consistent with his ideas of safety. The only lady who had honoured him with her notice was one who came on board from a ship (Euphrates) we spoke at sea; he evinced, however, no partiality to the gentle sex, and would not permit her to caress him: whether it was the bonnet, which was à la mode of 1828, or other portions of the lady's dress, that excited his indignation, I know not; but he was evidently not eager to become acquainted with her: as she appeared at first timid of approaching the animal, it may in some degree have occasioned the cunning brute to keep up the feeling.+

* The account of the orang-utan given by Dr. Abel, in the Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China, accords with the habits of this animal, and the comparison is very interesting.

I was acquainted with a lady in Ceylon, who, having been bitten by a cockatoo, always evinced great terror at the approach of one which was kept in the house: the bird appeared aware of it; for, when he saw the lady approach, he would flap his wings, elevate his crest, shriek out, and at the same time pretend to pursue her, at which she ran away quite terrified.

On the 19th of March (1831) we had reached the latitude 45° 41′ N. and longitude 24° 40′ W.; the animal seemed (although clothed in flannel) to suffer much from cold, and he was attacked by dysentery: his attachment was so great, that he would prefer going on the deck, in the cold air, with the persons to whom he was attached, to remaining in the warm cabin with those whom he did not regard. On the 24th he became much worse, his appetite gone, and he had a dislike of being moved; the discharge from the bowels was bilious, mixed with blood and mucus, sometimes entirely of blood and mucus, with a putrescent odour: the breath had a sickly odour, mouth clammy, eyes dull and suffused; drank a little water occasionally, and sometimes a little tea; he generally remained with his head hanging on the breast, and limbs huddled together; he would, however, when yawning, inflate the pouch as usual. On the 29th we had prevailing easterly winds; and he was daily sinking until the 31st of March, when he died, in latitude 48° 36′ N., longitude 9° 1′ W.

On examination, the thoracic viscera were healthy; the spleen was healthy, of small size, and lobulated at one extremity; the liver was large and healthy, the difference in size between that organ and the spleen was considerable in comparison with the relative proportions of those organs in the human subject; the gall bladder contained a small quantity of dark, thick, and viscid bile; some of the mesenteric glands were enlarged, some being of a white, others of a dark colour. On laying open the duodenum, it was found to contain a quantity of mucus slightly tinged with bile; the colon and cæcum were full of liquid bilious fæces mixed with mucus, and several small ulcerated patches on the inner surface, and a dark spotted appearance at others; the rectum also contained similar fæces, but mixed with a curdy matter, and there were several large patches of ulceration on the inner coat, more particularly near the termination of the gut: the kidneys were healthy, on the right the capsula renalis was large, but none was visible on the left; the bladder was quite empty, the inner surface scarcely moist. The animal had been castrated, but the spermatic cord terminated in the scrotum in two small oval substances, rather larger than peas; the sacrum and os coccygis were similar to those parts in the human subject. The communication of the larynx was examined; the epiglottis was only indicated by a slight obtuse angular rising; the sacculi laryngis three eighths of an inch in the long diameter, one eighth in the short; their margins were well defined, continued forwards below the body of the os hyoides into a