i "Hence he was sent for, to be instructor to Prince Edward, which with good conscience to his great credit he discharged." Fuller proceeds: "Here, reader, forgive me in hazarding thy censure in making and translating a distich upon them. "Præceptor doctus, docilis magis an puer ille? "On Edward the Sixth's accession to the throne, Cox became a great favourite at Court. He was made a Privy Councillor, and the King's Almoner. King Edward used to say of his tutors that Randolph, the German, spake honestly; Sir John Cheke talked merrily: Dr. Coxe, solidly; and Sir Anthony Cooke, weighingly." Cox was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1547. On Queen Mary's accession he was deprived of all his preferments and confined for a short time in the Marshalsea. Being released, and perceiving the coming storm of persecution he went abroad and resided at Strasburg until Queen Mary's death. He then returned to England, and was one of the divines appointed to revise the Liturgy. He frequently preached before Queen Elizabeth, who esteemed him highly and made him Bishop of Ely. He presided over that see for twenty-one years, and was regarded as one of the chief pillars of the English Church. He died in 1581, in his eighty-second year. Harwood says of him-"it must be remembered of this Bishop, that he was the first who brought a wife to live in a college." (Harwood's Alumni Etonenses. - Fuller's Worthies. - Burnett's Hist. Reformation.) SIR THOMAS SUTTON, the founder of the Charter-house, born at Knaith, in Lincolnshire, in 1532, of an ancient and opulent family, was placed at Eton, and educated there, by the advice, and under the direction, of Dr. Cox, whose name has been lately mentioned. He matriculated at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1551, whence he went to Lincoln's Inn, with a view of studying the law. He spent, however, the whole of Queen Mary's reign in travelling abroad. Returning home, in 1562, he entered into the possession of a handsome fortune, his father having died during his absence. He now became a courtier; but a courtier such as most of Queen Elizabeth's were,-distinguished for his successful activity in military service. He was appointed Master of the Ordnance at Berwick, and "while he was thus acquiring that glory which is the peculiar purchase of military exploits, he grew not less distinguished by an extraordinary access of wealth. Soon after his arrival in the North, he had purchased of the Bishop of Durham the manors of Gateshead and Wickham, famous for coal-mines in that bishopric; and in 1570 obtained a lease from the Crown, for the term of seventy-nine years. These prospered so fast, that on his coming up to London, in 1580, he brought with him the quantity of two horse-loads of money, and was reputed to be worth fifty thousand pounds. About the middle of the year 1582, he married Elizabeth, daughter of John Gardiner, Esq., of Grove-place, in the parish of Chalfont St. Gyles, in Buckinghamshire, and widow of John Dudley, of Stoke-Newington, in Middlesex, Esq., a near relation of the Earl of Warwick. This lady brought him a very considerable estate, and among the rest, a moiety of the manor of StokeNewington, which being near London, he made that house his country seat; and purchasing in the city a large house, near Broken Wharf, in the parish of St. Mary, Somerset, he took up the business of a merchant, which his ready cash enabled him to follow with such great credit, and so much to his advantage, that he soon became one of the chief merchants of London, and is said to have had no less than thirty agents abroad; and his riches flowing in with every tide. Mr. Sutton was likewise one of the chief victuallers of the navy, and seems to have been master of the barque called 'Sutton,' of seventy tons and thirty men, in the list of volunteers attending the English fleet, against the Spanish Armada, in 1588." One of his biographers states that "it is very probable that he was the principal instrument in the defeat of that Armada. For Sir Francis Walsingham having, by the help of a Popish priest, his spy, procured a copy of the King of Spain's letter, giving an account of his mighty preparations to the Pope, the invasion was hindered for a whole year by our merchants, who, at the instance of Sir Francis, gathered up the chief bills of the Bank of Genoa, and drawing their money out of it just as King Philip had ordered bills upon that bank to set his fleet out to sea, those bills were through necessity protested, so that patience became the only remedy. His Majesty was obliged to wait the arrival of his Plate Fleet from the Indies, for the necessary supplies; and England had thence time to prepare for the reception of the Invincible Armada. Mr. Sutton was at this time the chief and richest merchant in London, and, considering his obligations to the Crown, together with his known loyalty, no doubt can be made but he was also the chief of those merchants who drained the bank of Genoa, according to a strong tradition that prevails at Charter-house." In 1602 Sutton was left a widower. He had hitherto lived in a style of open and sumptuous hospitality; but after this bereavement he lost all relish for society, and passed the remainder of his days in seclusion. He now formed the resolution of disposing of his vast wealth in the foundation of some great public charity; and considering himself thenceforth only a steward of his possessions, he lived in the most frugal manner. "But before he had fixed upon any particular plan for carrying that design into execution, he was greatly alarmed, in the year 1608, with the news of a design to raise him to the peerage, in the view of laying him thereby under an obligation to make King Charles I., then Duke of York, his Heir. Upon the first notice that came to his ears of this project, he immediately put a stop to it; and having received a letter from Mr. Joseph Hall, (afterwards Bishop of Norwich), exciting him to come to some determination in his intended charity, he soon after, on the 10th of March 1609, petitioned the King in Parliament, for an Act to empower him to erect an hospital at Hallingbury-Bouchers, in Essex. The petition was accordingly granted; but in a little time, changing his mind as to the situation, he purchased, of the Earl of Suffolk, Howard House, or the late dissolved Charter-house, near Smithfield, for the sum of thirteen thousand pounds, where he founded the present hospital of Charter-house, in 1611. He designed to be himself the first Master of it; but soon after the grant, being seized with a slow fever, and perceiving his end to approach, he hastened, and by a deed, dated on the 30th of October that year, nominated the Reverend John Hutton, Master of Arts, and Vicar of Littlebury in Essex, to that post. On the first of November he signed an irrevocable deed of gift of the estates specified in the letters patents to the governors in trust for the hospital. On the second of that month he made his last will, wherein he bequeathed several other considerable benefactions; after which, his fever, still increasing, put a period to his life, on the 12th of December following, in the seventy-ninth year of his age." The excellence of the Carthusian foundation, which consists of a Master, a Preacher, a Schoolmaster, and Usher, forty scholars, and eighty pensioners, and various officers, is well known; and there have been few among the merchant princes of England who have acquired their wealth more honourably, or who have employed it more charitably and patriotically than Sir Thomas Sutton. (Biog. Brit.—Ackerman's Hist. of the Charterhouse.) WALTER HADDON, an eminent scholar of this period, was born in Buckinghamshire, in the year 1516. He was educated first at Eton, under Dr. Cox; and in 1533 was elected scholar of King's College, Cambridge. He stood high among the university men of his time for the purity of his Latin style. His fame as a scholar was not confined to Cambridge; and it is said Queen Elizabeth was once asked which she preferred, Buchanan or Haddon; on which her reply was, "Buchannum omnibus antepono; Haddonum nemini postpono." Haddon's chief pursuit was civil law, in which he took his degree, and was made public lecturer. He held also the professorship of rhetoric and oratory. During the short reign of Edward the Sixth, he was made Master of Trinity College, in the room of Bishop Gardiner. The office of Vice-Chancellor was conferred upon him in 1550; and in two years after, though not qualified for the office according to the statutes, he was chosen President of Magdalen College, Oxford. On the succession of Queen Mary, he withdrew from his public offices, and retired into private life. He escaped in safety during that troubled time, by keeping himself in strict privacy; but on the death of Queen Mary he again appeared, under the sanction of Royal favour, and became distinguished under the patronage of Elizabeth. By her he was made Master of Requests; and was appointed, by Archbishop Parker, Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury. He was also employed, by the Queen, on several embassies, and was made a Commissioner at the Royal Visitation of the University of Cambridge. In 1565 and 1566 he was appointed, with Dr. Walton, agent at Bruges, for restoring the ancient commerce between England and the Netherlands. He was also the principal compiler and translator into Latin of the code of ecclesiastical law, entitled "Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum," edited by John Fox, in 1571. He died in 1572, aged 56. (Cunningham's Biography.Alumni Etonenses.) In 1547, SIR THOMAS SMITH succeeded Bishop Aldridge as Provost of Eton. This learned man was educated at Queen's College, in Cambridge: where he became so eminent for learning, that King Henry the Eighth chose him one of his scholars; and, for his encouragement and better maintenance, allowed him a yearly pension, as was then customary. In 1531, he was chosen Fellow of his College; about which time, it is said that "he closely applied himself to the reading of the best authors, such as Plato, Demosthenes, and Aristotle. By his great diligence he acquired, in about two years time, a perfect skill in Greek, and was appointed, in 1535, to read the public Greek Lecture in the University. Besides his public Lecture, he also read privately in his College upon Homer's Odyssey. In 1536, he was made University Orator, which place he filled with great applause." According to Fuller he then, at the King's express desire, visited the principal universities on the Continent, in order to perfect himself as far as possible in classical learning. Smith availed himself of this opportunity to acquire an extensive and scientific knowledge of modern as well as ancient languages. On his return to Cambridge in 1542, he was made Regius Professor of the Civil Law. Smith was a zealous co-operator with Sir John Cheke, in enforcing at Cambridge that which Erasmus and the best scholars considered to be the true pronunciation of Greek. Hallam says:"The early students of that language, receiving their instructions from natives, had acquired the vicious uniformity of sounds belonging to the corrupted dialect. Reuchlin's school, of which Melanchthon was one, adhered to this, and were called Itacists, from the continual recurrence of the sound of Iota in modern Greek, being thus distinguished from the Etists of Erasmus's party. Smith and Cheke proved by testimonies of antiquity, that the latter were right; and by this revived pronunciation,' says Strype, was displayed the flower and plentifulness of that language, the variety of vowels, the grandeur of diphthongs, the majesty of long letters, and the grace of distinct speech." Smith also attempted to amend the orthography of the English E |