conducted himself with ability. But his connexions with the democratic party alarmed the Directory, and he was replaced by Millet-Mureau. He retired peaceably, and after the 18th of Brumaire he was named counsellor of state and general in chief of the army of the west. In this capacity he dispersed in many rencounters the royalist troops, and on the 6th of May, 1800, he prevented the landing of the English at Quiberon. In 1804, Bernadotte was made a marshal of the empire. Soon after this he was appointed to command in Hanover, and was named chief of the 8th cohort of the legion of honour. In 1805, though absent, he was chosen to preside at the electoral college of Vaucluse, and was elected some days after for the upper Pyrenees. The King of Prussia conferred on him about this time, the order of the eagle; and the Elector of Bavaria followed his example, by sending him the riband of St. Hubert. Bernadotte quitted Hanover, with the greatest part of his army, towards the end of September, 1805; and on the 25th of the same month, after violating the neutral territory, by traversing Hesse and the country of Anspach, he arrived at Wurtzburgh, where he united with the Bavarians who had entered into an alliance with France. The corps under his orders formed the centre of the French army, and by these means he contributed mainly to the victory of Austerlitz. The Emperor Napoleon, in 1806, gave him the principality of Ponte Corvo.

In the war with Prussia he commanded the first corps of the French army, and near Schleitz attacked a body of 10,000 men, which he vanquished, and afterwards gained the victory of Saalfield. It was in this battle that the young prince, Louis of Prussia, was killed. Bernadotte afterwards attacked the Prussian reserve at Halle, defeated, dispersed them, and took possession of that city. The corps of Murat, together with that of Soult, arrived before Lubeck in pursuit of the Prussians, and carried that populous city by assault. Bernadotte was unable to save it from the disorders and pillage which ensued. This general penetrated afterwards into Poland, where he had a battle with the Russians near Mohrungen, and afterwards formed the left wing of the French army in advance of Thorn.

In 1808, he commanded the allied army, composed of French, Spanish, and Dutch troops which assembled in the environs of Hamburgh, and marched with them into Funen and Jutland. His conduct on that occasion procured for him the esteem of the Hamburghers, and also that of all the inhabitants of the north, which subsequently led to his elevation in that part of the theatre of war; because his conduct was marked by a moderation so unusual to his brother marshals.

In the campaign of 1809, the Prince of Ponte Corvo commanded the ninth corps, which was principally composed of Saxons; and on the 17th of May he obtained a great advantage over the Aus trians at Lintz. After he had joined the grand army, he shared in the victory of Wagram, on the 6th of July; but speaking hạ

mind too freely to Bonaparte he was sent to Paris in complete disgrace.

When the British army invaded Walcheren, the French ministers, who were not apprized of his motives for quitting the army, entreated him to take the command of the troops destined to act against that expedition; he accepted. it without hesitation, and before the end of September compelled the English to re-embark. He then returned to Paris, where he was decorated with the Saxon order of St. Henry. The Prince of Ponte Corvo, already loaded with honours, was now destined to receive the greatest honour which could be awarded to a simple citizen. The Swedes had preserved the most lively recollection of all the relations between him and themselves. After the deposition of Gustavus Adolphus, in 1810, the throne of that kingdom was without an heir. On this, the principal inhabitants of that country, sensible of his merits and services, decided on fixing upon him to supply the vacancy. The states of Sweden accordingly proclaimed him crown prince of that kingdom, on the 21st of August, 1811. He was also adopted by the king, Charles the XIIIth, as his son. This intelligence being brought to him at Paris, the king-elect solemnly renounced the Catholic religion. He hastened his departure from France, and made his public entrance into Stockholm, on the 1st of November following. Napoleon, it is said, was greatly surprised at this astonishing elevation, and it is added, that he was not pleased at it; but perhaps he was comforted at seeing a man removed from his presence who had never appertained to his party. At the time of his departure, he promised the crown prince various concessions in favour of the Swedes, which, however, were not fulfilled. His highness strongly insisted on the performance of his promises; he complained of the captures made on the Swedish trade by the French privateers; and he accused Napoleon openly of having been the cause of the loss of Finland, by engaging Sweden in an unequal struggle, and of having refused to indemnify that loss by the cession of Norway. He reiterated these complaints publicly, and the English journals published many letters addressed by him to the emperor, containing the most bitter reproaches. One of these, dated the 23d of March, 1813, has the following remarkable passage: "From the moment your majesty plunged into that empire (Russia) the issue was not doubtful. Every military principle made it apparent that you would become a prisoner. You escaped that danger, sire, but your army, consisting of the chosen troops of France, of Germany, and of Italy, was destroyed: those brave men, who saved France at Fleurus, who conquered in Italy, who resisted the burning climate of Egypt, and who fixed victory to your standard at Marengo, at Austerlitz, at Jena, at Halle, at Lubeck, at Friedland, &c., remain on the plains of Russia destitute of burial. This is a picture which must move your soul, and which must recal to your recollection

more than a million of victims lying dead on the field of honour, sacrificed to your enterprises."

Sweden now entered into the coalition against France. On the 18th of May, the crown prince put himself at the head of 30,000 men and landed at Stralsund, whither Moreau had also arrived from the new world, to assist the cause of the allies. These two generals were of different principles and characters, and had never been very intimate. However, they agreed in one thing, and that was a hatred towards Napoleon. The prince royal was appointed to lead the right wing of the allied army; he had under his orders many Russian and Prussian corps, altogether comprising nearly one hundred thousand men, who were denominated the army of the north. This combined force obtained, near Gros-Beren, a considerable advantage, but the victory was greatly eclipsed by that of Dennewitz, which the crown prince gained over the united forces of Ney and Oudinot, on the 6th of September, 1813. The battle of Dennewitz saved the Prussian capital, which Napoleon was on the point of invading. The inhabitants of Berlin sent a deputation to the victor, to express their acknowledgments for the service he had done their country. He also received the compliments of the Emperor of Austria, who had then joined the league, and who sent him the grand cross of the order of Maria Theresa. Three days after this the prince royal addressed a proclamation to the Saxons. "Very soon," said he, "will great events afford you a shelter from all ambitious policy. If German blood must flow, let it be for the independence of Germany, and not at the will of one man alone, with whom you are not connected by any tie or any interest." In the battle of Leipzig he rendered the most important service to the allied cause; on the 16th, 17th, and 18th of October he commanded the right wing. On the 7th of December following, he wrote the following letter to his son, Prince Oscar, dated from Lubeck. "My dear Oscar,-In former times the Lubeckers assisted Gustavus the First in restoring liberty to his country. I have now paid the debt which the Swedes owed to them. Lubeck is freed. I have had the happiness to take possession of that city without shedding a drop of blood. This advantage is dearer to me than the winning of a pitched battle, even had it been gained with the loss of only a few men. What a happy thing is it, my dear son, to be able to prevent the shedding of tears. Sleep may then be enjoyed in tranquillity. If all men were duly impressed with this truth, there would be no conquerors, and the people would be governed only by just kings. I set out to-morrow for Oldeslohe, and I shall endeavour to turn every thing to the advantage of the good cause and of my country." About this time he opened a subscription of 100,000 francs in favour of the inhabitants of Hamburgh, whom Marshal Davoust had compelled to quit their country; and he continued to pursue the French towards the Rhine; but when he arrived on the border of that river, his activity appeared to slacken, and in the moment when the fall

of the imperial government seemed certain, and when every friend of the old abuses looked up to the ancient dynasty of the Bourbons, he published at Cologne, on the 12th of February, 1814, a proclamation addressed to the French people, in which he excited the astonishment of some of his compatriots: "Frenchmen!" said he, "by order of my king, I have taken up arms to defend the rights of the Swedish people. After having avenged their insults, and aided in the deliverance of Germany, I have passed the Rhine, on the shores of which river, I have so often happily combatted for you. I now think it necessary to make known my sentiments:the government under which you live, has constantly in view to treat you with disdain, in order to degrade you. It is time that the present state of things should be changed. All enlightened men express their desires and wishes for the happiness of France, but at the same time they would not see you the scourge of the earth. The allied monarchs have not united to make war against the people, but to force your government to acknowledge the independence of other states. That alone is their object, and I guarantee the purity of their sentiments. The adopted son of Charles the XIIIth is placed by the choice of a free people at the foot of the throne of Gustavus. From henceforth I can have no other ambition than to assure you of the good wishes of the inhabitants of Scandinavia, and at the same time to state that my greatest happiness (after having fulfilled the sacred duty which I owe to my adopted country) will be to ensure that of my first compatriots."

The prince royal, after leaving Cologne, went to Liege with his army, where he remained inactive during the winter. His highness returned in April to Paris, of which capital the allies had become masters. The public did not appear to notice him much. However he often appeared with the sovereigns, and was presented to the Count d'Artois. He was also introduced to his majesty at Compeigne: but he hastened to return to Sweden, where he was well received. The whole population impeded his passage with their testimonies of affection; and the king himself, with all the royal family, came out to meet him and embraced him. Shortly after his arrival at Stockholm, he set out to take possession of Norway. That country had been for a length of time the object and desire of the cabinet of Stockholm, and the allied powers in the end consented to concede it to the crown of Sweden. The taking possession was preceded by a proclamation from the prince royal of Sweden to induce his new subjects to pay obedience and be faithful. The king of Spain, in the month of February following, sent him the grand decoration of the great military order of Spain. In the month of August, 1815, the prince royal made another journey to Norway, accompanied by his son, Prince Oscar, and was received with much enthusiasm. Shortly after his return to the Swedish capital, he founded there an agricultural board, similar to that of London, with funds amounting to 200,000 rix dol

lars; and he made a present to the University of Upsal of the library of the Bishop of Nordin, which he bought for that purpose.

On the death of Charles XIIIth, the crown prince was elevated to the throne of Sweden. This event happened on February 5th, 1818, and he has been since acknowledged by all the great powers of Europe, with an exception to France, in point of diplomatic etiquette; Louis XVIIIth having appointed, but never sent a minister to the court of Stockholm.

THE GERMAN'S TALE.

By the Author of " Annals of the Parish."

AT the birth of every man, a certain star is appointed to preside, and he who is able to discover the particular orb of his own destiny, may learn, by the changes in its appearance and splendour, whenever his good or evil genius acquires the predominant influence.

Few, however, have been able to obtain this important knowledge; but tradition says, that Count Herman of Flaughtenburg, who was nephew to the celebrated Prince Palatine Aadolph in the reign of Henry the Birder, not only possessed it in an eminent degree, but also the secrets of alchymy and magic. The singular things which he was able to perform are the admiration of all the students of the occult sciences; and the history of his own life, as tending to illustrate the peculiar astrology to which I have alluded, as well as to explain in some degree the prodigies ascribed to his faculties in philosophy, is one of the most curious legends in the history of knowledge, and has served as the basis of many wild and wonderful poems and dramas.

In early life the Palatine, his uncle, had been deeply in love with the beautiful Matild, the youngest daughter of Count Albert of Strasburgh; she, however, placed her affections on Rupert of Hemlin, a youth of noble blood, but whose patrimony had been wasted in the Hungarian wars, by which he was rendered entirely dependent on the generosity of his friend the Palatine. It is commonly said, that Rupert had not acted in the business with all the purity due to his generous patron; on the contrary, that, being employed by the prince as the messenger between him and Matild, he had himself become smitten by her beauty, and used, for his own advantage, that free intercourse to which he was admitted with the lady only on the Palatine's account. But, however this may be, the Palatine, on discovering the mutual passion between Matild and his faithless friend, did every thing to promote their union; and at their marriage he advanced large sums to Rupert, for which he took his bonds.

The perfidy of Rupert, or the disappointment, certainly sank deep into the high chevalier bosom of the Palatine; for he soon after quitted the Birder's court, and retired to the castle of Flaugh