The sign Libra in the zodiack. Juno pours out the urn, and Vulcan claims The scales, as the just product of his flames. Greech. 3. [escaille, French; squama, Lat.] Small shell or crust, of which many lying one over another make the coats of fishes. He puts him on a coat of mail, Which was made of fish's scale. 4. Any thing exfoliated or desquamated; a thin lamina. Take jet and the scales of iron, and with a wet feather, when the smith hath taken an heat, take up the scales that fly from the iron, and those scales you shall grind upon your painter's stone. Peacham. When a stale of bone is taken out of a wound, burning retards the separation. Sharp. 5. [scala, a ladder, Lat.] Ladder; means of ascent. Love refines The thoughts, and heart enlarges; hath his seat Milton. On the bendings of these mountains the marks of several ancient scales of stairs may be seen, by which they used to ascend them. 6. The act of storming by ladders. Others to a city strong Addison. Lay siege, encamp'd; by batt'ry, scale, and mine Assaulting. Milton. . Regular gradation; a regular series rising ng like a ladder, Well hast thou the scale of nature set, From centre to circumference; whereon In contemplation of created things, Miltan. By steps we may ascend to God. speculation. Greru. The higher nature still advances, and preserves his superiority in the scale of being. Addison. All the integral parts of nature have a beautiful analogy to one another, and to their mighty original, whose images are more or less expressive, according to their several gradations in the scale of beings. Cheyne. We believe an invisible world, and a scale of spiritual beings all nobler than ourselves. Bentley. Far as creation's ample range extends, The scale of sensual mental pow'rs ascends. Pope. 8. A figure subdivided by lines like the steps of a ladder, which is used to measure proportions between pictures and the thing represented. The map of London was set out in the year 1658, by Mr. Newcourt, drawn by a scale of yards. Graunt. 9. The series of harmonick or musical proportions. The bent of his thoughts and reasonings run up and down this scale, that no people can be happy but under good governments. Temple. 10. Any thing marked at equal distances. They take the flow o' th' Nile By certain scale i' th' pyramid: they know By th' height, the lowness, or the mean, if dearth Or foizon follow. Shakspeare. To SCALE. v. a. [scalare, Italian.] 1. [from scala, a ladder.] To climb as by ladders. Often have I scal'd the craggy oak, All to dislodge the raven of her nest; How have I wearied, with many a stroke, The stately walnut-tree, the while the rest Urider the tree fell all for nuts at strife! Spenser. They assailed the breach, and others with their scaling ladders scaled the walls. Knolles. The way seems difficult, and steep, to scale With upright wing against a higher foe. Miltort. Heav'n with these engines had been scald, When mountains heap'd on mountains fail'd. Waller. When the bold Typhœus seal'd the sky, And forc'd great Jove from his own heav'n to fly, The lesser gods all suffer'd. Dryden. 2. [from scale, a balance.] To measure or compare; to weigh. SCA'LINESS. n. s. [from scaly.] The state of being scaly. SCALL.n.s. [skalladur, bald, Islandick. See SCALDHEAD.] Leprosy; morbid baldness. Upon thy bald hede maist thou have the scoll. It is a dry scall, a leprosy upon the head. Lev. SCA'LLION.n.s.[scaloyna, Italian; ascaSCALLOP.n.s. [escallop, French.] A fish lonia, Latin.] A kind of onion. with a hollow pectinated shell. So th' emperour Caligula, That triumph'd o'er the British sea, Engag'd his legions in fierce bustles With periwincles, prawns, and muscles; And led his troops with furious gallops, To charge whole regiments of scallops. Hudibras. The sand is in Scilly glistering, which may be occasioned from freestone mingled with white scallop shells. Mortimer. TO SCALLOP. v. a. To mark on the edge SCALP. n. s. [scheipe, Dutch, a shell; with segments of circles. scalpo, Italian.] 1. The scull; the cranium; the bone that encloses the brain. High brandishing his bright dew-burning blade, Upon his crested scalp so sore did smite, That to the scull a yawning wound it made. Fairy Queen. If the fracture be not complicated with a wound of the scalp, or the wound is too small to admit of the operation, the fracture must be laid bare by taking away a large piece of the scalp. Shery. Philips. Th' ensanguin'd field. To SCALP. v. a. [from the noun.) To deprive the scull of its integuments. We seldom enquire for a fracture of the scull by scalping, but that the scalp itself is contused. Sharp. SCALPEL. n. 3. [French; scalpellum, Latin.) An instrument used to scrape a bone by chirurgeons. SCA'LY. adj. [from scale.] Covered with scales. The river horse and sealy crocodile. Milton. His awful summons they so soon obey; So hear the scaly herd when Proteus blows, And so to pasture follow through the sea. Dryd. A scaly fish with a forked tail. Woodward. To SCA'MBLE. v. n. [This word, which is scarcely in use, has much exercised the etymological sagacity of Meric Casaubon; but, as is usual, to no purpose.] 1. To be turbulent and rapacious; to scramble; to get by struggling with others. Have fresh chaff in the bin, And somewhat to scamble for hog and for hen. Tusser. Scambling, out-facing, fashion-mong'ring boys, That lie, and cog, and flout, deprave and slander. Shakspeare. That self bill is urg'd, and had against us past, But that the scambling and unquiet time Did push it out of further question. Shakspeare. He was no sooner entered into the town but a scambling soldier clapt hold of his bridle, which he thought was in a begging or a drunken fashion. 2. To shift awkwardly. Wotton. Some scambling shifts may be made without them. More. TO SCA'MBLE. v. a. To mangle; to maul. My wood was cut in patches, and other parts of it scambled and cut before it was at its growth. Mortimer. SCA'MBLER.n.s. [Scottish.] A bold intruder upon one's generosity or table. SCA'MBLINGLY. adv. [from scambling.] With turbulence and noise; with intrusive audaciousness. SCAMMO'NIATE. adj. [from scammony.] Made with scammony. It may be excited by a local, scammoniate, or other acrimonious medicines. Wiseman. You will suddenly take a resolution, in your cabinet of Highlanders, to scamper off with your new crown. Addison. Harry, whose tuneful and well-measur'd song First taught our English musick how to span Words with just note and accent, not to stan With Midas ears, committing short and long. Milton. They scan their verses upon their fingers. 2. To examine nicely. So he goes to heav'n, And so am I reveng'd: that would be scann'd. Shakspeare. The rest the great architect Did wisely to conceal; and not divulge His secrets to be scann'd by them, who ought Rather admire. Milton. Every man has guilt, which he desires should not be rigorously scanned; and therefore, by the rule of charity and justice, ought not to do that which he would not suffer. Gov. of the Tongue. At the final reckoning, when all men's actions shall be scanned and judged, the great King shall pass his sentence, according to the good men have done, or neglected to do. Calamy. Sir Roger exposing his palm, they crumpled it into all shapes, and diligently scanned every wrinkle that could be made in it. Addison. One moment and one thought might let him Scandal'd the suppliants; for the people call'd them Time-pleasers, flatterers. Shakspeare. I do fawn on men, and hug them hard, And after scandal them. Shakspeare. To SCANDALIZE. υ. α. [σκανδαλίζω; scandaliser, French; from scandal.] 1. To offend by some action supposed criminal. I demand who they are whom we scandalize by using harmless things? Among ourselves, that agree in this use, no man will say that one of us is offensive and scandalousunto another. Hooker. It had the excuse of some bashfulness, and care not to scandalize others. Hammond. Whoever considers the injustice of some ministers, in those intervals of parliament, will not be scandalized at the warmth and vivacity of those meetings. Clarendon. s. To reproach; to disgrace; to defame. The publick right, and common cause of kings. Many were scandalized at the personal slander and reflection flung out by scandalizing libellers. Addison. SCANDALOUS. adj. [scandaleux, French; from scandal.] 1. Giving publick offence. Nothing scandalous or offensive unto any, especially unto the church of God: all things in order, and with seemliness. Something savouring Hooker. Shakspeare. Of tyranny, which will ignoble make you, Yea, scandalous to the world. 2. Opprobrious; disgraceful. 3. Shameful; openly vile. You know the scandalous meanness of that proceeding, which was used. Pope. SCANDALOUSLY.adv. (from scandalous.] 1. Shamefully; ill to a degree that gives publick offence. His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming the dignity of his station; noise, brutality, and obsceneness. 2. Censoriously; opprobriously. Swift. Shun their fault, who, scandalously nice, Will needs mistake an author into vice. Pope. SCANDALOUSNESS. n. s. [from scandalous.] The quality of giving publick offence. SCA'NSION.n.s. [scansio, Latin.] The act or practice of scanning a verse. To SCANT. v. a. [zercænan, Saxon, to break; skaaner, Danish, to spare.] To limit; to straiten. You think I will your serious and great business scant, Bacon. We might do well to think with ourselves, what time of stay we would demand, and he bade us not to stant ourselves. Bacon. Glanville. Looking on things through the wrong end of the perspective, which scants their dimensions, we neglect and contemn them. Starve them, For fear the rankness of the swelling womb Should scant the passage, and confine the room. Dryden. I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your actions. Dryden. SCANT. adj. [from the verb.] White is a penurious colour, and where moisture is scant: so blue violets, and other flowers, if they be starved, turn pale and white. Bacon. A single violet transplant: The strength, the colour, and the size, Donne. Redoubles still and multiplies. From this time, Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. Shakspeare. SCANT.adv. [from the adjective.] Scarcely: hardly. Obsolete. The people, beside their travail, charge, and We scant read in any writer, that there have been seen any people upon the south coast. Abbot. A wild pamphlet, besides other malignities, would scant allow him to be a gentleman. Wotton. O'er yonder hill does scant the dawn appear. Gay. SCA'NTILY.adv. [from scanty.] Scantily of me, when perforce he could not 2. Narrowly; penuriously; without am- My eager love, I'll give myself the lie; He was a man fierce, and of no evil disposition, SCA'NTY. adj. [The same with scant.] As long as one can increase the number, he 1 What can 'scape the eye Of God all-seeing? Shakspeare. Milton. TO SCAPE. v. n. To get away from hurt or danger. Could they not fall unpity'd on the plain, But, slain, revive, and, taken, scape again? Dryd. SCAFE. n. 5. [from the verb.] 1. Escape; flight from hurt or danger; the act of declining or running from danger; accident of safety. I spoke of most disastrous chances, Of hair-breadth scapes in the imminent deadly breach. Shakspeare. 2. Means of escape; evasion. Having purpos'd falsehood, you Donne. 3. Negligent freak; deviation from regularity. No natural exhalation in the sky, 4. Loose act of vice or lewdness. Shakspeare. A bearne! a very pretty bearne! sure some ssape: though I am not bookish, yet I can read waiting-gentlewoman in the scape. Shakspeare. Thou lurk'dst In valley or green meadow, to way-lay Milton. SCAPULA. n. s. [Lat.) The shoulderblade. The heat went off from the parts, and spread up higher to the breast and scapula. Wiseman. SCAPULAR. adj. (scapulaire, Fr. from SCAPULARY. scapula, Lat.] Relating or belonging to the shoulders. The humours dispersed through the branches of the axillary artery to the scapulary branches. The viscera were counterpoised with the weight of the scapular part. Derbam SCAR n. s. [from eschar, escare, French; ἰσχαρα.] A mark made by a hurt or fire; a cicatrix. Scratch thee but with a pin, and there remains Some scar, of it. Shakspeare. The soft delicious air, Milton. It may be struck out of the omnisciency of God, and leave no scar nor blemish behind. More This earth had the beauty of youth and bloom ing nature, and not a wrinkle, scar, or fracture, on all its body. Burnet. In a hemorrhage from the lungs, stypticks are often insignificant; and if they could operate upon the affected part, so far as to make a scar, when that fell off, the disease would return. Arbuthnot. To SCAR. v. a. [from the noun.] To mark as with a sore or wound. Yet I'll not shed her blood, Nor scar that whiter skin of her's than snow, And smooth as monumental alabaster. Shaksp. SCA'RAB. N. s. [scarabée, Fr. scarabæus, Lat.) A beetle; an insect with sheathed wings. A small scarab is bred in the very tips of elmleaves: these leaves may be observed to be dry and dead, as also turgid, in which lieth a dirty, whitish, rough maggot, from which proceeds a Derbame beetle. SCA'RAMOUCH. n. [escarmouche, Fr.] A buffoon in motly dress. It makes the solemnities of justice pageantry, and the bench reverend puppets or scaramouches in scarlet. Collier. SCARCE. adj. [scarso, Italian; sthaers, Dutch.] r. Not plentiful; not copious. A Swede will no more sell you his hemp for less silver, because you tell him silver is scarcer now in England, and therefore risen one-fifth in value, than a tradesman of London will sell his commodity cheaper to the Isle of Man, because money is scarce there. 2. Rare; not common. Locke 2. With difficulty. He scarcely knew him, striving to disown His blotted form, and blushing to be known. Dryden, SCA'RCENESS. Dryden } n. s. [from scarce.] They that find fault with our store, should be least willing to reprove our scarcity of thanksgivings. Hooker. Since the value of an advantage is enhanced by its scarceness, it is hard not to give a man leave to love that most which is most serviceable. Collier. Το SCARE. v. a. [scorare, Ital. Skinner.] To fright; to frighten; to affright; to terrify; to strike with sudden fear. They have scared away two of my best sheep, which, I fear, the wolf will sooner find than the Shakspeare. master. My grained ash an hundred times hath broke, And sear'd the moon with splinters. Shakspeare. The noise of thy cross-bow Will scare the herd, and so my shoot is lost. Shakspeare. Scarecrows are set up to keep birds from corn and fruit; and some report that the head of a wolf, whole, dried, and hanged up in a dovehouse, will scare away vermin. Bacon. ! The wing of the Irish was so grievously either galled or scared therewith, that, being strangers, and in a manner neutrals, they had neither good heart to go forward, nor good liking to stand still, nor good assurance to run away. Hayward. One great reason why men's good purposes so often fail, is, that when they are devout, or scared, they then in the general resolve to live religiously. Calamy. Let wanton wives by death be scar'd; But, to my comfort, I'm prepar'd. Prior. SCARECROW.n.s. [scare and crow.] An image or clapper set up to fright birds: thence any vain terrour. Thereat the scarecrow waxed wond'rous proud, Through fortune of his first adventure fair, And with big thundering voice revil'd him loud. Spenser. No eye hath seen such scarecrows: I'll not march through Coventry with them, that 's flat. Shakspeare. We must not make a scarecrow of the law, Setting it up to fear the birds of prey, And let it keep one shape, 'till custom make it Their pearch, and not their terrour. Shaksp. Many of those great guns, wanting powder and shot, stood but as cyphers and scarecrotus. Raleigh. A scarecrow set to frighten fools away. Dryd. SCA'REPIRE. n. s. [scare and fire.] A fright by fire; a fire breaking out so as to raise terrour. VOL. IV. The drum and trumpet, by their several sounds, serve for many kind of advertisements; and bells serve to proclaim a scarefire, and in Holder. some places water-breaches. SCARF. n. s. [escharfe, Fr.] Any thing that hangs loose upon the shoulders or dress. The matrons flung their gloves, Ladies and maids their scarfs and handkerchiefs, Upon him as he pass'd. Sbakspeare. Will you wear the garland about your neck, or under your arm, like a lieutenant's scarf? Shakspeare. Iris there, with humid bow, Waters th' odorous banks, that blow Flowers of more mingled hew Than her purfled scarf can show. Milton. Titian, in his triumph of Bacchus, having placed Ariadne on one of the borders of the picture, gave her a scarf of a vermilion colour upon a blue drapery. Dryden. The ready nymphs receive the crying child; They swath'd him with their scarfs. Dryden. My learned correspondent writes a word in defence of large scarves. Spectator. Put on your hood and scarf, and take your pleasure. To SCARF. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To throw loosely on. Swift. My sea-gown scarft about me, in the dark Grop'd I to find them out. Shakspeare. 2. To dress in any loose vesture. Come, seeling night, Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day. Shaksp. SCA'RFSKIN.n. s. [scarf and skin.] The cuticle; the epidermis; the outer scaly integuments of the body. The scarfskin, being uppermost, is composed of several lays of small scales, which lie thicker according as it is thicker in one part of the body than another: between these the excretory ducts of the miliary glands of the true skin open. Cheyne. SCARIFICATION, N. s. [scarificatio, Lat. scarification, Fr. from scarify.] Incision of the skin with a lancet, or such like instrument. It is most practised in cupping. Quincy. Hippocrates tells you, that, in applying of cups, the scarification ought to be made with crooked instruments. n. s. [from scarify.] One who scarifies. SCA'RIFIER.n.s. [from scarify.] 1. He who scarifies. 2. The instrument with which scarifications are made. Το SCA'RIFY.v.a. [scarifico, Lat. scarifier, Fr.] To let blood by incisions of the skin, commonly after the application of cupping-glasses. Washing the salts out of the eschar, and scarifying it, I dressed it. Wiseman. You quarter foul language upon me, without knowing whether I deserve to be cupped and scarified at this rate. Spectater. SCARLET.n.s. [escarlate, Fr. scarlato, Italian.] A colour compounded of red and yellow; cloth dyed with a scarlet colour. D |