Elements of Political EconomyGould and Newman, 1835 - 324 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
agricultural agricultural products aids of nature aids to production amount of products arise bank become branch of production broadcloth brought to view capitalist causes chapter circumstances commodities connexion consumed cost of production cost price cultivation division of labor duction economical arrangements effect employed employment engaged exchange exchangeable value exist expenses favorable former furnished greater Hence human industry important increase indirect taxes individual instances investment kind laboring population loaned look manufactures ment natural agency objects obtained paid Political Economy portion price of labor principles productive capital productive laborers productive service products consumed proportion prosperity rate of interest rate of profits rate of wages received remuneration rendered result revenue style of living supply and demand supposed surplus territorial advantages tion tracts of land usually value of money variations vidual wants wealth wheat
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Página 39 - Every workman has a great quantity of his own work to dispose of beyond what he himself has occasion for ; and every other workman being exactly in the same situation, he is enabled to exchange a great quantity of his own goods for a great quantity, or, what 'comes to the same thing, for the price of a great quantity of theirs. He supplies them abundantly with what they have occasion for, and they accommodate him as amply with what he has occasion for, and a general plenty diffuses itself through...
Página 40 - ... without the assistance and co-operation of many thousands, the very meanest person in a civilized country could not be provided, even according to what we very falsely imagine the easy and simple manner in which he is commonly accommodated.
Página 44 - It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.
Página 282 - The subjects of every State ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue they respectively enjoy under the protection of the State .... In the observation or neglect of this maxim, consists what is called the equality 'or inequality of taxation.
Página 39 - ... transporting the materials from some of those workmen to others who often live in a very distant part of the country! How much commerce and navigation in particular, how many ship-builders, sailors, sailmakers, rope-makers, must have been employed in order to bring together the different drugs made use of by the dyer, which often come from the remotest corners of the world...
Página 282 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Página 40 - What a variety of labour, too, is necessary in order to produce the tools of the meanest of those workmen ! to say nothing of such complicated machines as the ship of the sailor, the mill of the...
Página 283 - Every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as little as possible, over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the State.
Página 283 - Thirdly, by the forfeitures and other penalties which those unfortunate individuals incur who attempt unsuccessfully to evade the tax, it may frequently ruin them, and thereby put an end to the bener fit which the community might have received from the employment of their capitals.
Página 283 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time or in the manner in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.