a more intellectual tinge, as is seen in "The Caxtons," 1850, and "My Novel," 1853. Like Disraeli, he wrote to his dying day, and found a world of readers, Kenelm Chillingly" and "The Parisians," both 1873, rivalling Beaconsfield's "Lothair" and "Endymion.' He was graduated at Cambridge, 1826; was in Parliament 1831-41, 1852-66, and an ambitious orator; was Lord Rector of Glasgow University, 1856, and Colonial Secretary, under Lord Derby, 1858. Raised to the peerage, 1866. His eagerness for fame, and his versatile gifts and industry, were always in evidence. As a dramatist and playwright he succeeded well, "The Lady of Lyons," 1838, and "Richelieu," 1838, still holding the stage. Since industry and ambition cannot make a poet, Bulwer's intense longing to obtain a lyric crown was of no avail. His "New Timon," a satire, 1846, brought him cause for regret. His epic, King Arthur," The Lost Tales of Miletus," 1866, 1848, and showed few traces of the divine fire. His dramatic verse, after all, was his best metrical work; but in addition to the extract from "Richelieu," and the song given in this Anthology, it is but just to reprint the following stanzas which have passion and lyrical quality. [E. C. S.]

ABSENT YET PRESENT

As the flight of a river

That flows to the sea, My soul rushes ever In tumult to thee.

A twofold existence

I am where thou art; My heart in the distance Beats close to thy heart. Look up, I am near thee, I gaze on thy face; I see thee, I hear thee, I feel thine embrace.

As a magnet's control on
The steel it draws to it,
Is the charm of thy soul on
The thoughts that pursue it.

And absence but brightens
The eyes that I miss,
And custom but heightens
The spell of thy kiss.

It is not from duty,
Though that may be owed,-
It is not from beauty,
Though that be bestowed;

But all that I care for,
And all that I know,

Is that, without wherefore,
I worship thee so.

Through granite it breaketh
A tree to the ray,
As a dreamer forsaketh
The grief of the day,

My soul in its fever
Escapes unto thee;

O dream to the griever,

O light to the tree!

A twofold existence

I am where thou art; Hark, hear in the distance The beat of my heart!

LYTTON, Earl of (Edward Robert Bul wer-Lytton), diplomatist, b. London, 1831. d Paris, 1891. Son of Edward, Lord Lytton Educated at Harrow and Bonn. Began his dip lomatic career as attaché at Washington. D. Č. and was subsequently connected with the Britis legations in most of the important Europ capitals. Appointed Viceroy to India in 1870 and advanced in the peerage as Earl of Lytron and Viscount Knebworth, 1880. Scholar, diplo matist, magistrate, courtier, and man of letters, he touched life at many points. "Clytemnest à, the Earl's Return, and Other Poems appeared in 1859 under the pseudonym of Owen Mere dith," followed by "The Wanderer, A Collec tion of Poems in Many Lands," 1858; Lucile, a Poem," 1860; Fables in Song," 1874; Speeches of Edward, Lord Lytton, with a Memoir," 1874; and "Glenaveril, or the Metamorphoses," 1885. Among his later poeried works, Orval, or the Fool of Time, reflects the Polish mystical school. "King Poppy," 1892, is a brilliant satire.

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MCCRAE, George Gordou, government ser vice, b. Scotland. Holds an appointment in the civil service in Victoria. Contributes to the Australian periodicals but has never published his collected poems. Has embodied many of the legends of the aborigines in verse, of which Mamba, the Bright-eyed" and The Story of Balladeadro," both published in 1867, are the best known.

MCGEE, Thomas D'Arcy, journalist, b Carlingford, Ireland, 1825; killed at Ottaw Canada, 1868. Emigrated to America, 142 and became editor of the Boston Pilot." Re turned to Ireland in 1845 to edit the "* Freeman's Journal," but soon became connected with "The Nation." During the riots in 14, he was obliged to flee to America, and here for nine years published "The New York Nation." In 1857 moved to Montreal, and soon entere the Canadian Parliament. While going h from a night session, he was assassinated s his opposition to the Fenians.

MACAULAY, Thomas Babington, L historian, b. in Rothley Temple, Leicestershis 1800; d. Kensington, 1859. Displayed remas able precocity, reading incessantly from the of three, and possessed unique powers of ra ory throughout life. He was generous and 2voted to his sisters, and died unmarried. W noted in Parliament, and spent three years 15 a half in India as a member of the supreze council. "The History of England” greatest literary achievement, although he vi the author of many brilliant essays, published mostly in the "Edinburgh Review," and the collected into volumes. His poetry consists of the Lays of Ancient Rome" and other bar

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lads. He became a peer in 1857. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, 9 Jan., 1860. His grave is in the Poets' Corner, at the foot of Addison's

statue.

MacCARTHY, Denis Florence, b. Dublin, 1817; d. 1882. Educated at Trinity College; called to the Bar, but devoted himself mainly to literature. Contributed to "The Nation." Professor of Poetry in the Irish Catholic University. Translated several of Calderon's ramas into English verse. A collective edition his own poems appeared in 1884.

MACDONALD, Frederika Richardson. Author of "Nathaniel Vaughan, Priest and Man," 1874; Puck and Pearl; Wanderings of two English Children in India," 1886.

MACDONALD, George, novelist, b. Huntley, Aberdeenshire, 1824. Took his degree from King's College, Aberdeen. Studied for the ministry, and was first pastor of an Independent church at Arundel, for a short time. Joined the Church of England and settled in London, devoting himself to literature.

Within and Without," a dramatic poem, was published in 1856; "A Hidden Life," 1857; and "The Disciples and Other Poems," 1867. Author of many novels. (D. London, 1905.)

MACKAIL, John William, author of "Thermopyla: Newdigate Verse," 1881; and Virgil's Eneid in English Prose," 1885. As a poet, associated with Rev. H. C. Beeching and Mr. J. B. B. Nichols in the production of Love in Idleness," 1883, and "Love's Looking-glass," 1891.

MACKAY, Charles, journalist and song writer, b. Perth, 1814; d. 1889. Issued his first volume of poems in 1834. While sub-editor of the Morning Chronicle" published "The Hope of the World." Afterwards editor of the "Glasgow Argus," and "The Illustrated London News," and founder of the "London Review." Lectured in the United States, 1857-58, and during the Civil War was New York correspondent of the "Times."

MACKAY, Eric, b. London, 1851. Son of the late Dr. Charles Mackay. Educated in Scotland, and afterwards passed a number of years in Italy. Has published "Love Letters of a Violinist," 1885; followed by "Gladys the Singer," and "A Lover's Litanies." His "Nero and Actaea," a dramatic work, appeared in 1891. Died in London, 1898.

MACLEOD, Fiona. -- See William Sharp. MAGINN, William, b. Cork, 1793; d. Walton-on-Thames, 1812. Attended Trinity College, Dublin, when but ten years of age, and received the degree of LL. D. at the age of twenty-three. Was connected with "Blackwood's" and "Fraser's." His irregular habits stood in the way of a success proportionate to his genius. Author of a series of Homeric Ballads.

MAHONY, Francis Sylvester ("Father

MANGAN, James Clarence, b. Dublin, 1803; d. 1849. Received a common school education, and at the age of fifteen entered a solicitor's office. Here he remained for several years, the sole support of the family, working early and late. In 1830, began contributing remarkable translations to Dublin periodicals and obtained a position in Trinity College Library. Continued his translations and wrote some odes for "The Nation." Dissipation enfeebled his constitution, and he succumbed to an attack of cholera.

MARSTON, John Westland, dramatist, b. Boston, Lincolnshire, 1819; d. 1890. Studied law, but relinquished it for literature. His first play, The Patrician's Daughter," was written when he was twenty-two years of age. "Strathmore "appeared in 1849, and was followed by several other dramas. In 1888, published "Recollections of our Recent Actors." For many years led the life of a London editor, contributor, and man of letters.

MARSTON, Philip Bourke, b. London, 1850; d. London, 1887. Only son of Dr. Westland Marston, and godson of Dinah Maria Mulock (Mrs. Craik). It was to him she addressed her poem Philip, My King." Notwithstanding his blindness, caused by an injury to his eyes when he was a young child, he began to dictate verses from his early youth. The loss through death of his betrothed (Miss Nesbit), his two sisters, his brother-in-law, Arthur O'Shaughnessy, and his friend, Oliver Madox Brown, all occurred within the space of a few years. Rossetti encouraged his genius, and said of some of his verse that it was worthy of Shakespeare in his subtlest lyrical moods." "Song-Tide and Other Poems" was issued in 1871, and was followed by " All in All" in 1875, and "Wind Voices," 1883. A collection of all his poems was edited with a memoir by his devoted friend, Mrs. Louise Chandler Moulton, in 1892.

MARTIN, Arthur Patchett, journalist, b. Woolwich, England, 1851, and taken to Australia in 1852. Educated at Melbourne Univer sity. Held an appointment in the civil service for a time. Was one of the founders of the

MARZIALS, Frank T., b. Lille, France, 1840. At an early age entered the English war office, where he still remains. Has written various biographies. Edited the Academy series of "Great Writers," and has contributed articles on art and French literature to leading periodicals. His poetical writings are included in "Death's Disguises," 1889.

MARZIALS, Théophile Julius Henry, musician and composer, b. 1850. Of French descent. "The Passionate Dowsabella," a pastoral poem, was first printed privately in 1872. It was included in "A Gallery of Pigeons and Other Poems," published in 1873. Has composed many artistic and captivating songs.

MASSEY, Gerald, b. Tring, Hertfordshire, 1828. Began to work in a silk factory when a mere lad. Edited "The Spirit of Freedom" at the age of twenty-one, and in the following year became one of the secretaries of the Christian Socialists." Brought out his first volume of poems in 1850. Has lectured upon psychological subjects, and of late years has been engaged in forming societies to promote spiritualism and socialism. "My Lyrical Life," published in 1890, contains selections from his four previously published works.

..

MEREDITH, George, novelist, b. Hampshire, 12 Feb., 1828. Studied in Germany and was prepared for the law, but took up literature instead. He published "Poems in 1851; "The Shaving of Shagpat," 1856; "The Ordeal of Richard Feverel," 1859; Evan Harrington," 1861;"Modern Love," a volume of poems, 1862; Emilia in England," 1864; Rhoda Fleming," 1865; "Vittoria," 1867; "The Adventures of Harry Richmond," 1871; "Beauchamp's Career," 1876; "The Egoist," 1879 "The Tragic Comedians," 1881; Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth," 1883; "Diana of the Crossways," 1885; Ballads and Poems of a Tragic Life," 1887; A Reading of Earth," 1888; Lord Ormont and his Aminta," 1894. “MEREDITH, Owen."-See Robert, Earl of Lytton.

"

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MERIVALE, Herman Charles, dramatist and novelist, b. London, 1839. Educated at Harrow and Oxford. Called to the Bar in 1864, at the Inner Temple. Edited "Annual Register "for ten years. Author of several successful plays. The White Pilgrim and Other

Poems 97 was published in 1883; “Florien and Other Poems," 1884.

MEYNELL, Alice (Thompson), b. London. Educated at home, and spent much of her childhood in Italy. In 1875 brought out a volume of poems, "Preludes," which was ill trated by her sister, Lady Butler. Married Mr. Wilfred Meynell, editor of "Merry Eng land," in 1877. Since then has written chief prose, and published a book of essays, Rhythm of Life," in 1893; "The Color & Life," 1896; The Children," 1896; TL Flower of the Mind, an Anthology," 1898.

Th

MILLER, Thomas, novelist, b. Gainsbor ough, 1807; d. London, 1874. While employed! as a basket-maker, published his first book of verse, "Songs of the Sea Nymphs," 1832. "A Day in the Woods" (verse) appeared in 183 Contributed to the annuals and the "Londor Journal," and wrote a number of books fo children.

MILLER, William, b. Bridgegate, Glasgow, Scotland, 1810; d. 1872. Followed the trad of wood-turner at Glasgow. Contributed to

Whistle Binkie," and published **Scottish Nursery Songs and Other Poems," 1863. Th charm of his poems of children made them s popular that he has been called by Robert Buchanan the "Laureate of the Nursery."

MILMAN, Henry Hart, divine, b. Londre 1791; d. Sunninghill, 1868. Educated at Or ford; ordained in 1816, and became a curate & Reading. Professor of Poetry at Oxford f ten years; rector of St. Margaret's, Westruir | ster, 1835, and dean of St. Paul's, 1849, Auth of several poetical and historical works, the most important of the latter being "The Hi tory of Latin Christianity," 1854-55.

As the

MILNES, Richard Monckton. bearer of this name the author of "The Brook Side," before his elevation to the peera achieved his reputation as a writer of ves and prose, and performed most of his liters work. See Lord Houghton.

MITFORD, John, clergyman and editor 1781; d. 1859. In 1814 edited Gray's work and in 1851, those of Milton. Also edited î'v nell's works for the "Aldine Poets." A aš tion of his own verse, entitled Miscellane Poems," appeared in 1858.

MOIR, David Macbeth, physician, b. Ma selburgh, 1798; d. Dumfries, 1851. Gr a surgeon's diploma from University of E burgh, 1816. Contributed to "Blackwood's published "Legends of Genevieve, with s Tales and Poems," 1824. Author of ser prose works. After his death a collection his poems was published, edited by Thos Aird.

MONKHOUSE, Cosmo, art critic, b. Le

don, 1840. Educated at St. Paul's School. At the age of seventeen he secured a position in the Board of Trade, where he still remains, and is now assistant secretary for finance. In 1865 published A Dream of Idleness and other Poems," and twenty-five years later, Corn and Poppies," the volume containing his best lyrical work. Has written the life of Turner in the Great Artists" series, and the life of Leigh Hunt in the "Great Writers" series. Is well known as an authoritative writer on art and letters.. (D. 1901.)

MONSELL, John Samuel Bewley, clergyman, b. St. Columb's, Londonderry, Ireland, 1811; d. Guildford, Surrey, 1875. Was graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, 1832. Rector of Ramoan, chancellor of Connor, and rector of St. Nicholas', Guildford, Surrey. His poems are nearly all of a religious nature. Many of them appeared in "Hymns of Love and Praise for the Church's Year," 1863.

MONTGOMERY, Eleanor Elizabeth, b. New Zealand, and lives there on a cattle ranch. Employs the pseudonym of "The Singing Shepherd." Author of "Songs of the Singing Shepherd," issued in Wauganui, New Zealand, 1885.

MONTGOMERY, James, journalist, b. Ayrshire, Scotland, 1771; d. 1854. Spent most of his life in Sheffield, where he edited a liberal newspaper. In addition to devotional poems he wrote "The Wanderer in Switzerland; West Indies," a poem against the slave trade; "The World before the Flood; "Greenland;" and "The Pelican Island."

The

MOODIE, Susanna Strickland, b. Reydon Hall, Suffolk, England, 1803; d. Toronto, Canada, 1885. Sister of Agnes Strickland. Married John Wedderburn Dunbar Moodie, ex-naval officer, and traveller and author of several books on Holland, South Africa, and settlers' life in Canada. She came to Canada with Mr. Moolie, and resided for many years in Toronto. Author of "Enthusiasm and Other Poems," 1829; "Roughing it in the Bush, or Life in Canada," 1852; "Life in the Clearings versus the Bush," 1853. Also wrote several novels.

MORRIS, Sir Lewis, b. in Caermarthen, 1833. Educated at Sherborne School and Jesus College, Oxford, where he was awarded the Chancellor's prize in 1855, and the English Essay prize in 1858. Called to the Bar in 1861, and practised for many years. In 1881 he stood in the Liberal interest for the Caermarthen Boroughs, but retired before election. Contested the Pembroke Boroughs in 1886, but was defeated. Is an Honorary Fellow of Jesus College, a Knight of the Order of the Saviour (Greece), and a Justice of the Peace for his native county. In 1890 his collected poetical ** Works"

"Songs of Britain." "A Vision of Saints" also appeared in 1890. He was knighted by the Queen in 1895.

The

MORRIS, William, decorative artist, b. Walthamstow, 1834. Educated at Marlborough and Exeter College, Oxford, and studied architecture under George Edmund Street. Established"The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine." Made a special study of artistic design and founded the firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., which is now conducted under his name alone, and which produces materials used in fine art decoration. More recently has established the Kelmscott Press, from which costly reprints, in the highest style of Caxton's art, are issued. Among his many publications are "The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems," 1858; "The Life and Death of Jason," 1867; Earthly Paradise," 1868-70; "Love is enough," 1873; A Tale of the House of the Wolfings," 1889. In collaboration with Eiríkr Magnússon he has begun a translation of the Icelandic Sagas, the first volume of which was published in 1891. Of late years he has been an ardent advocate of social reform, often lecturing to the working classes. In poetry Chaucer was his master, but he is unrivalled in the strength, learning, and felicity with which he has reproduced the Germanic and Norse legendaries in his affluent English verse. In art, beginning with Pre-Raphaelite affiliations, he has practically applied the secrets of beauty throughout the range of decorative construction. Cp. " Victorian Poets," ch. x. D. London, 1896. [E. C. s.]

MULHOLLAND, Rosa, novelist, b. Belfast. Has contributed to the Cornhill" and "All the Year Round," and has written a number of novels and tales. Published a volume of poems in 1886. Now Lady Gilbert.

MULOCK, Dinah Maria.-See D. M. Craik, MUNBY, Arthur Joseph, barrister, b. in the Wapentake of Bulmer, Yorkshire, 1828. His London quarters are in the Temple, and he resorts for a country life to his farm in Surrey. A truly pastoral lyrist and idyllist, delighting in the simple lives of the English peasantry and farm and house servants, which he realistically depicts. His "Dorothy," written in elegiac verse, became a favorite in England and America, 1880. He had previously published "Verses New and Old," 1865. Author, also, of " Vestigia Retrorsum," 1891; "Vulgar Verses," mostly dialect poems (under the pseudonym of Jones Brown"), 1891; **Susan," 1893. [E. C. S.]

MURRAY, George, educator, b. London, England. Was graduated with honors at Oxford. Went to Montreal and was made classical master of the High School. He has made a number of metrical translations from the French. Author of "Verses and Versions,"

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MYERS, Ernest, classicist, b. Keswick, 1844. Educated at Cheltenham College and at Balliol College, Oxford. Was a Fellow of

Wadham College and classical lecturer there and at Balliol. Younger brother of Frederic W. H. Myers. Author of "The Puritans," 1869; "Poems," 1870; "The Defence of Rome and Other Poems," 1880; "The Judgment of Prometheus and Other Poems," 1886. He collaborated with Andrew Lang and W. Leaf in the "Translation of the Iliad," published in 1883.

MYERS, Frederic William Henry, investigator, b. Keswick, 1843. Son of Rev. Frederic Myers, author of "Catholic Thoughts." Educated at Cheltenham College and at Trinity College, Cambridge. Inspector of Schools for a number of years, and assisted in establishing the Psychical Research Society." "St. Paul " appeared in_1865; Poems,' " 1870; "The Renewal of Youth," 1882. Is also a prose-writer, and was part author of "Phantasms of the Living," 1886. (D. Rome, 1901.) NADEN, Constance Caroline Woodhill, b. Edgbaston, 1858; d. London, 1889. Author of Songs and Sonnets of Springtime," 1881, and "The Modern Apostle and Other Poems," 1887.

NEWMAN, John Henry, Cardinal, theologian, b. London, 1801; d. Birmingham, 1890. Was graduated with honor from Trinity College, 1820. Fellow of Oriel College, and afterwards tutor at the same. Vice-principal of St. Alban's under Dr. Whately; incumbent of St. Mary's, Oxford. One of the leaders of the Tractarian movement. Left the Church of England and joined the Church of Rome in 1845. Was created a Cardinal Deacon by the Pope in 1879. Published two volumes of verse, and contributed to the "Lyra Apostolica.' An eminent master of English prose, and the author of several theological and historical works.

NICHOL, John, scholar, b. Montrose, 1833; d. 1894. Son of John Pringle Nichol, the astronomer. Took his degree, with honor, from Balliol College, Oxford, 1859. Became Professor of English Literature in Glasgow University; received the degree of LL. D. from the University of St. Andrews, 1873. Besides critical and other works, he published "Hannibal: an Historical Drama," 1873; and "The Death of Themistocles, and Other Poems," 1881.

NICHOLS, J. B. B. Associated with Rev. H. C. Beeching and J. W. Mackail in the authorship of Love in Idleness," 1883, and "Love's Looking-glass," 1891.

NICOLL, Robert, b. Auchtergaven in Perthshire, 1814; d. 1837. While engaged in humble employments he trained himself for a literary career. Became editor of the "Leeds Times," a Liberal weekly. Published "Poems and Lyrics" in 1835.

NOEL, Hon. Roden Berkeley Wriothesley, b. 1834; d. Maintz, 1894. Son of the Earl of Gainsborough (second creation). His childhood was passed at Exton Park, Rutlandshire.

Much of his descriptive poetry was the result of his visit to his grandfather Lord Roden's beautiful place in Ireland. Took his degree from Cambridge, and travelled extensively in the East. Author of "Beatrice and Other Poems," 1868; "The Red Flag," 1872; A Little Child's Monument," 1881; and A Modern Faust," 1888. In prose is known as a critic, biographer, and philosopher.

NORTON, Caroline Elizabeth Saral (Sheridan), afterwards Lady Stirling-Marwell, b. 1808; d. 1877. Daughter of Thomas Sheridan, and granddaughter of Richard Brin ley Sheridan. In 1827 she married Mr. George Norton, but the union was an unhappy one. She wrote several successful novels. Of her poetry, "The Sorrows of Rosalie" appeared is 1829; The Undying One," in 1831; “The Child of the Island," in 1845, and "The Lady of la Garaye," in 1863. She married Sir Wil liam Sterling-Maxwell three months before her death.

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O'LEARY, Ellen, b. Tipperary, 1831; d Dublin, 1889. Contributed to various Irid publications, and with her brother Jo O'Leary was active in the Fenian movement of 1864. After 1885 she made her home in Dub lin. A collected edition of her poems was published, with a memoir, in 1890.

O'SHAUGHNESSY, Arthur William Ed gar, b. London, 1844 (as given in his own d. London, 1881. Connected with the B Museum, first holding a subordinate position z the Library, and afterwards being transferre to the Department of Natural History. Ma ried Eleanor, the daughter of Dr. Westlo Marston and sister of the blind poet, Phy Bourke Marston. "An Epic of Women' peared in 1870; Lays of France" in 18. and "Music and Moonlight" in 1874. B posthumous poems, "Songs of a Worke were published in 1831. A selection from s poems, edited by his friend, Mrs. Moulton, peared in 1894.

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ㄢ

PALGRAVE, Francis Turner, critic, b 1824. Son of Sir Francis Palgrave, histor Took his degree from Balliol College in 14 and was elected Fellow of Exeter Collen From 1850 to 1855 was vice-principal (under t Temple, subsequently bishop of Londen d the Training College at Kneller Hall. Beca one of the secretaries of the Committe Council on Education; and afterwards prix sor of Poetry at Oxford. In 1878, was creat an honorary LL. D. of Edinburgh. Edite < admirable collections of poetry, and auther Lyrical Dreams," 1871, and The Visk England," 1881. Died in London, 1897.

PARKER, Gilbert, b. Canada, 1862. E cated at the University of Trinity Colle Toronto, and was afterwards a lecturer the in English literature. Studied for the Cha but owing to a severe illness went to the Seas, where he joined the staff of the "S ney Morning Herald," and was special some