Hallam, against whom as a competitor he won the Newdigate Prize by his poem, "Timbuctoo," 1829. During his college years he wrote much verse (some of which first saw the light half a century later), and published "Poems, Chiefly Lyrical," 1830, in which volume his distinctive quality was indicated. It was, however, the Poems," 1832-33, that more clearly bore the signs of coming greatness, and included some of his still most cherished pieces. On the whole, this volume was Pre-Raphaelite, and, though it preceded the rise of the group known by that name, equalled in the archaic beauty of certain ballads the extreme reach afterward attained by poets who could not follow Tennyson's advance to the higher and broader domains of song. The poet left Cambridge without his degree, about March, 1831, and certainly not yet appreciated by critics and the public,- to whom he made no further appeal until 1842, when the twovolume edition of his "Poems," containing so many of his finest lyrics and idylls, brought him universal recognition. In 1845 he was awarded a yearly pension of £200 by the Queen. His next works were "The Princess,' 1847, and "In Memoriam," 1850. The masterpiece last named, an elegiac poem in memory of Hallam, is at the highest mark of its author's mature wisdom and genius; it reflects the utmost advance of speculative religious thought and scientific research at the date of its production, and is both the sweetest and the noblest intellectual poem of the typical "Victorian Epoch." Wordsworth having passed away, the laureateship was awarded to Tennyson in 1850, and by these two masters that office was reinvested with a dignity which had been unworn by it since the Elizabethan age. The laureate's Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington," and other national lyrics, were included with "Maud and Other Poems," 1855. Of his epical romances, Idylls of the King," begun with the early Morte d'Arthur," four parts appeared in 1859, and brought him to the height of renown. The series was finally completed in 1885. In 1855 Oxford gave him the degree of D. C. L., and he was elected, 1859, to an honorary fellowship of his own college, Trinity, Cambridge. Was made F. R. S. in 1865. The most noted of his later volumes, other than dramatic, are: Enoch Arden," 1864; "Ballads and Other Poems," 1880; "Tiresias and Other Poems," 1885; "Locksley Hall, Sixty Years After," 1886; "Demeter and Other Poems," 1889; The Death of CEnone," etc., 1892. Several of these books exhibit much of the lyrical freshness and beauty of his earlier song, reinforced by imagination, wisdom, and mental power. But throughout his work the expression of the "master-passion" is at most one of reserve, and there is a lack of the gift to combine and put in action types of human personality. It was not strange, then, that his repeated efforts to compose enduring dramas were unsuccessful, judged by the standard of his other productions. His successive plays, of course, were skilfully arranged and

intellectually wrought, and some of them. brought out by Irving, had every advantage of the English stage; but they were the tours-deforce of a perfect artist, and essentially undramatic, from first to last of the following series.

Queen Mary," 1875; "Harold," 1876; "The Falcon" and "The Lover's Tale," 1879; "The Cup," 1881; "The Promise of May," 1; Becket," 1884; "The Foresters," 12. L 1884, Tennyson was raised to the peerage. No conferred title could increase his name and fame, but his new station, in view of his liberal conservatism and intensely English allegiance. and as the logical recognition of genius, whether military, political, or creative,- in a monarchical country, was one plainly within his liberties to accept for himself and his in heritors. After many years' residence at Farringford, Isle of Wight, -near which a beacon is to be erected by English and American sabscribers, he died at Aldworth, full of hones such as no English poet had received before him. He was buried, 12 October, 1892, near the grave of Chaucer, in Westminster Abbey, the fit resting-place of a bard and laureate "certainly to be regarded, in time to come, as, all in all, the fullest representative of the re fined, speculative, complex Victorian age. Cp. F. Tennyson, C. Tennyson Turner, A. H. Hallam. See, also, "Victorian Poets, chh.v and vi, and pp. 417-424. [E. C. s.) TENNYSON, Charles. See Charles Tex nyson Turner.

TENNYSON, Frederick, b. Louth, 14. An elder brother of Alfred Tennyson. Edr cated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. Married an Italian girl and lived in Florence, but returned to England in 1859 and took up a residence in Jersey. Author of "Days and Hours," 1854; The Isles of Greece." IN:

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Daphne and Other Poems," 1891; "Poenis of the Day and Year," 1895. Died in London, UK.

THACKERAY, William Makepeace, one of the two greatest Victorian novelists, b. Calcutta, 1811; d. London, 1863. After his early childhood in India, was sent to England, and to the Charterhouse School; then passed a year at Trinity, Cambridge, but left without a de gree, wishing to become an artist. His knack as a draughtsman, however, and his studentlife in Paris, combined merely to aid him in the literary career upon which circumstances, and the bent of his true genius, were soon to start him. As Dickens made his novels profit by a youthful acquaintance with low life, and by his service as a law-clerk and newspaper-reporter, so Thackeray's novels of society would have been impossible but for his good birth and breeding, his touch of university and studio life. and his travel on the Continent. As an anthor he began by contributing to "Fraser's," 18742, a series of writings, among which the ** Yel lowplush Papers." and the really powerful "Luck of Barry Lyndon," of themselves would place him among the foremost of modern satir ists. He also wrote for "Punch," wherein the

"Ballads of Policeman X." appeared, 1842. In fact, beside his ability to illustrate his story effectively, if faultily, with drawings of his own, he had equally a turn for verse, was a born balladist, and his poems-avowedly "minor" pieces are delightful with the mirth and tenderness of his rich nature. In 1855, he gathered them, from his own books and from various periodicals, into a little volume published simultaneously in England and America. Was the first editor of the "Cornhill," 1859-62. Of his greater work in fiction, the masterpieces are: Vanity Fair," 1848; "Pendennis," 1850 Henry Esmond," 1852; "The Newcomes," [E. C. 8.]

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1854

THOM, William, the "Inverary poet," b. Aberdeen, 1798; d. Dundee, 1848. For many years a weaver in humble circumstances. The publication of a poem in the "Aberdeen Herald," 1841, called attention to his talent. Through the influence of friends he visited London, where he was warmly received. Published "Rhymes and Recollections of a Handloom Weaver" in 1844.

THOMPSON, Francis, b. about 1859, Was educated at a Catholic college and was urged by his family to become a medical student. Believing that literature offered the only suitable career for him, he left home and underwent great privations in the pursuit of his chosen calling. His poetry was collected and published in 1894 under the title of "Poems," and was followed by another volume, "Sister-Songs: an Offering to Two Sisters," 1895. (D. 1908.)

THOMSON, James, b. Port Glasgow, 1834; d. London, 1882. He was assistant schoolmaster at an army station, and later a clerk in a solicitor's office. Subsequently he visited the United States in the interests of a mining company and, returning in a short time from that mission, he went to Spain as the representative of the "New York World" during the Carlist insurrections. A singular, but undoubted genius, whose life and death were infelicitous, but who has left his mark on English verse. Author of "The Doom of a City,' 1857; "Sunday at Hampstead," 1863; Sunday up the River." 1868; "The City of Dreadful Night," 1874; "Vane's Story," 1880; "Insomnia," 1882. Cp. "Victorian Poets," pp. 435–

437.

THORNBURY, George Walter, man of letters, b. 1828 ; d. 1876. Son of a London solicitor. When seventeen, contributed a series of prose articles to the "Bristol Journal." Published his first volume.of verse," Lays and Legends, or Ballads of the New World," in 1851. This was followed by one or two prose wks, after which he spent some time in travelling in the East. In 1857, issued his best volume of poetry, "Songs of the Cavaliers and Roundheads," and in 1875, "Legendary and Historic Ballads." His prose writings were continuous.

TODHUNTER, John, physician, b. Dublin, 1839. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin,

TURNER, Charles Tennyson, clergyman, b. 1808; d. Cheltenham, 1879. Elder brother of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. In 1827, "Poems by Two Brothers," written by himself and Alfred, was published. He was graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1832; and ordained in 1835. Became vicar of Grasby. Married Louisa Sellwood, sister of Lady Tennyson, in 1836. In 1835, by the death of his great-uncle, Samuel Turner, he succeeded to the estate of Caistor and took the name of Turner. An authoritative collection of his sonnets was published in 1880, after his death.

TYNAN, Katharine. See Katharine Tynan Hinkson.

TYRWHITT, Reginald (or Richard ?) St. John, clergyman, b. about 1826. Was graduated at Oxford, 1849. Vicar of St. Mary Magdalen, Oxford, 1858-72. Author of several works upon symbolic art, etc., and of "Free Field Lyrics, chiefly Descriptive," 1888. -Owing to the lateness with which the foregoing notes were obtained, the spirited hunting-bal lad by this poet is somewhat out of chronological order, among the selections from Victorian · Balladists and Lyrists." D. Oxford, 1895.

VEITCH, John, philosopher and critic, b. Peebles, near Edinburgh, 1829; d. there, 1894. Educated at the Grammar School and the University of Edinburgh. Professor of Logic, Metaphysics, and Rhetoric, in the University of St. Andrews, and afterwards of Logic in Glasgow University. Prose writer and author of The Tweed and Other Poems," 1875; "Merlin and Other Poems," 1889.

VELEY, Margaret, b. 1843; d. 1887. Daughter of Augustus Charles Veley, a solicitor in Braintree, Essex. Began writing verse at an early age. Contributed both prose and poetry to the leading periodicals of London and Amer

WADE, Thomas, dramatist, b. 1805; d. Jersey, 1875. Issued his first volume of verse in 1825. Was a friend of W. J. Linton, and one of the band of radicals and poet-reformers who flourished in 1836-50. Wrote several dramas, some of which were played with success at Covent Garden. Edited The British and contributed to "The National" Press" and other periodicals. Issued "Mundi et Cordis Carmina,' a collection of poems, in 1835; "The Contention of Death and Love," Helena," "The Shadow-Seeker," 1837; "Pro

thanasia," 1839.

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WATSON, Rosamund Marriott (" Graham R. Tomson"), b. London, 1860. Under the latter designation she gained her repute as the author of The Bird-Bride, a Volume of Ballads and Sonnets," published in 1889; A Summer Night and Other Poems," 1891; "After Sunset," 1895. Has edited several anthologies. This poet announces that hereafter her writings will appear with the signature, Rosamund Marriott Watson." Has contributed to English and American periodicals under the name of R. Armytage."

..

In

WATSON, William, b. Burley-in-Wharfedale, 1858. The latter part of his childhood and early manhood were spent near Liverpool. In 1875 some of his poems appeared in "The Argus," a Liverpool periodical. The Prince's Quest and Other Poems" was published in 1880. Epigrams was issued in 1884. 1885, he contributed to the "National Review" a sonnet-sequence, "Ver Tenebrosum." Came into high repute through his stately and imaginative poems on Words worth, Shelley, and Tennyson, the last of which is reprinted in this Anthology. His collected "Poems " appeared

iu 1893, followed by "Odes and Other Poems," 1894.

WATTS (-DUNTON), Theodore, critic. b. St. Ives, 1836. Trained as a naturalist, but afterwards studied law, and passed his examination in 1863. Has resided chiefly in London. Intimately associated with D. G. Rossetti and others of the Pre-Raphaelites, and now a de voted friend and companion of Mr. Swinburne. Contributed articles to the "Encyclopædia Britannica," expounding the principles of the "Romantic movement," the Nature of Poetry. etc. Contributed to the "Nineteenth Century and the "Examiner," and is leading critic of the "Athenæum" in poetry and the arts. Author of "The Coming of Love," 1897; “ Aylwin," 1898; "Christmas at the Mermaid," 1901.

WEATHERLY, Frederic Edward, bar rister, b. Portishead, 1848. Published his first volume of verse, Muriel and Other Poems," 1870. Took his degree from Brasenose College, Oxford, 1871. Called to the Bar, 1887. Many of his lyrics have been set to music by leading composers and are very popular. He has also written librettos, and several books for children.

WEBSTER, Augusta (Davies), b. Poole, Dorsetshire, 1840; d. 1894. Daughter of ViceAdmiral George Davies. In 1860 published "Blanche Lisle and Other Poems," using the pseudonym "Cecil Home." In 1863 married Mr. Thomas Webster, Fellow and Law Leeturer of Trinity College, Cambridge, but now a solicitor in London. A Woman Sold and Other Poems" appeared in 1867. Author of several metrical dramas, and of some fine translations of Greek tragedies. "In a Day," a drama, appeared in 1882.

WEIR, Arthur, banker, b. Montreal, 1964. Educated at Montreal High School and McGil University. Held editorial positions on Canadian newspapers for several years, and then be came an analytical chemist, but gave up science to enter his father's bank. "Fleurs de Lys" appeared in 1887, and "The Romance of Sir Richard, Sonnets, and Other Poems" in 1890.

WELCH, Sarah. Lives in Adelaide, South Australia, and is a nurse in hospitals. Author of "The Dying Chorister, and the Chorister's Funeral," 1879.

WELDON. Charles, 18--1856. In Linton and Stoddard's “English Verse," Weldon is set down as an Englishman, whose poems ap

WELLS, Charles Jeremiah, b. 1800; d. Marseilles, 1879. In his youth became acquainted with the Keats brothers, and with R. Ĥ. Horne. In 1822 he published, anonymously, Stories after Nature," and in 1824, Joseph and His Brethren, a Scriptural Drama: in Two Acts," using the pseudonym "H. L. Howard." This was revived in 1876, with an introduction by Mr. Swinburne. Practised law early in life, and at one time held a professorship at Quimper. His closing years were passed at Marseilles.

WESTWOOD, Thomas, b. 1814; d. 1888. In youth became an intimate friend of Charles Lamb. Was enthusiastic on the subject of angling, and published in 1864 "The Chronicle of the Complete Angler." His first volume of verse, "Poems," appeared in 1840. In 1844 he removed to Belgium as a railway official.

Gathered in the Gloaming," issued in 1885, is a collection of poems previously printed.

WETHERALD, Ethelwyn, b. in Ontario, Can., of English Quaker parentage. Educated at a Friends' boarding-school in New York State, and at Pickering College, Ontario. She is a journalist, and has contributed poems and verse to periodicals in the United States and Canada. No collected volume of her works has yet been published.

WHITE, Gleeson, art editor, b. 1851. Now follows his profession in London, where he has been editor of "The Studio" and other select journals; but for a time resided in the United States, and conducted the N. Y. " Art Amateur." Writer of historical and critical papers on art, and a designer of book-plates, title-pages, etc. Is also a contributor to the Century Guild's Hobby Horse," " and has edited Ballades and Rondeaus," a selection of poems by Dobson, Lang and others, with a chapter on the various ballad "forms," 1887.

WHITEHEAD, Charles, novelist, b. London, 1804; d. Melbourne, 1862. For a time was engaged in commercial pursuits, but finally resorted to literature, and gained the friendship of Charles Dickens. "Published The Solitary," a poem, 1831, and in 1834, "The Autobiography of Jack Ketch," a work of fiction, which includes "The Confession of James Wilson." His most important novel was "Richard Savage," 1842. A collective edition of his poems appeared in 1849. An admirable critical biography of Whitehead, by H. T. Mackenzie Bell, appeared in 1884, and since then has been revised for a new edition.

WHITWORTH, William Henry. In Sharp's "Sonnets of the Century" it is stated that Mr. Whitworth was head master in a large public school. Author of various sonnets which have been preserved.

WILBERFORCE, Samuel, divine, b. Clapham Common, 1805; d. 1873. Son of Wil

liam Wilberforce; educated at Oxford. Ordained in 1828, and after several appointments became Bishop of Oxford and Winchester.

WILDE, Jane Francesca Speranza (Elgee), Lady, widow of Sir William Wilde, who died in 1869, an archæologist of Dublin, and surgeon-oculist to the Queen. Contributed to "The Nation," as "Speranza." In addition to various prose works and translations from the French and German, has published "Ugo Bassi," 1857; and "Poems," 1864. D. 1896.

WILDE, Oscar Fingall O'Flahertie Wills, dramatist, b. Dublin, 1856. Son of Sir William and Lady Wilde (**Speranza"). Educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and Magdalen College, Oxford, taking his Oxford degree in 1878. In both colleges excelled in prose and poetical composition, and was winner of the Newdigate prize at Oxford. Published his early" Poems in 1881. Became "an apostle of artistic house decoration and dress reform," and the author of successful plays. Salome," a drama in French, based on the story of Herod and Herodias, appeared in 1893. (D. Paris, 1900.)

WILLIAMS, Sarah (" Sadie "), b. London, 1841; d. 1868, while engaged in preparing her poems for publication. Twilight Hours: A Legacy of Verse," was issued shortly after her death, and contained a prefatory memoir by the late Dean Plumptre.

WILLS, William Gorman, painter and dramatist, b. Kilkenny Co., Ireland, 1828; d. London, 1891. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Studied art at the Royal Irish Academy and acquired some reputation as a portraitpainter. Wrote a large number of dramas, the first of which, "The Man o' Airlie," was produced in 1867. "Charles I.," with Henry Irving in the title character, ran for two hundred nights at the "Lyceum" in 1872. Collaborated with Sydney Grundy and with Westland Marston.

WOODS, James Chapman, author of "A Child of the People and Other Poems," 1879; "Guide to Swansea and the Mumbles, Gower and Other Places," 1883; a lecture on Old and Rare Books," 1885, and "In Foreign Byways," 1887.

WOODS, Margaret L., daughter of Dean Bradley and wife of President Woods of Trinity College, Oxford. Author of "A Village Tragedy," 1887; "Lyrics and Ballads," 1889," "Esther Vanhomrigh," 1891; and Vaga

bonds," 1894.

WOOLNER, Thomas, sculptor, b. Hadleigh, in Suffolk, 1825; d. London, 1892. Educated at Ipswich, and began to study sculpture in the studio of William Behnes, when but thirteen years of age. Exhibited his first model at the Royal Academy in 1843. His next, a The Death of Boadicea," established group, his reputation. Contributed verse to "The Germ." the magazine published by the "PreRaphaelite Brotherhood." "My Beautiful

Lady appeared in 1868; "Pygmalion" in 1881; "Silenus" and "Tiresias 93 in 1886. WORDSWORTH, Christopher, divine, b. Braintree, Essex, 1807; d. 1885. Nephew of William Wordsworth, the laureate. Educated at Winchester School and at Trinity College, Cambridge. Canon of Westminster Abbey, and in 1869 appointed Bishop of Lincoln. Published a volume of poems, "The Holy Year."

WRATISLAW, Theodore, b. Rugby, 1871, of an old Bohemian family settled in England for a century. In 1892 he published two small books of verse, and in 1893, Caprices."

YEATS, William Butler, eritie, b. Sandymount, Dublin, 1866. Spent the greater part of his childhood at Sligo. Has contributed to the "National Observer," and other periodicals. Among his publications are Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry," 1 "Irish Tales," a volume of selections from the Irish novelists, issued in 1891; "John Sherman and Dhoya (Pseudonym Library), 11: "The Countess Kathleen," Cameo Series. 1892; and edited in conjunction with Mr. E. J. Ellis, "The Works of William Blake,” 3 vols., 1893.

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BESANT, Sir Walter, author, b. Portsmouth, 14 Aug., 1836. Educated at King's College, London, and later at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with honors. He soon became Senior Professor in the Royal College of Mauritius. A few years later ill health forced him to return to England, where he has since resided. He served as Secretary of the Palestine Exploration Fund until 1885, and then was made Hon. Secretary. His first work appeared in 1868: "Studies in Early French Poetry." In collaboration with the late Professor Palmer he wrote a History of Jerusalem," 1871. In this same year he began his literary partnership with the late James Rice. The associates produced many novels, and two plays, one of which was enacted at the Court Theatre. Among Walter Besant's publications under his own name are : "The French Humorists," 1873; "Coligny," 1879; "The Revolt of Man; Dorothy Forster," 1884; "Armorel of Lyonnesse," 1890; "Beyond_the Dreams of Avarice," 1895; "The City of Refuge," 1896: The Rise of the British Empire," 1897. His world-famous novel "All Sorts and Conditions of Men," 1882, led to the founding and erection of the People's Palace in the East End of London. He is the editor of the series of biographies entitled "The New Plutarch,' and of an extensive work, "The Survey of Western Palestine." In 1896 he was knighted. As Chairman and the leading spirit of the "Incorporated Society of Authors," Sir Walter's services to his own craft have been from first to last courageous and far-reaching. He is held in honor and affection by all professional writers of the English tongue. The charming lyric To Daphne" is from his novel Dorothy Forster," where it is attributed to the gallant Lord Derwentwater, who suffered in the cause of the Pretender, A. D. 1716. (D. Hampstead, Eng., 10 June, 1901.)

In the notice of Lord Tennyson, p. 705, the designation of his title is taken from Burke's Peerage," but its correctness may be open to question. Mr. Eugene Parsons, of Chicago, having instituted a search at Heralds' College, finds that the Patent, creating Alfred Tennyson, Esquire, a Baron of the United King dom by the name, style, and title of Baros Tennyson of Aldworth in Sussex, and of Freshwater in the Isle of Wight, is dated January 24, 1884.

Since the death of William Sharp, it has been announced that he and “Fiona Macleod" were the same person. The poems and other writings purporting to be the work of a Scottish woman thus named were in the front rank of those of the pioneers in the modern “Celtis revival," and contain possibly the most lasting memorials which Mr. Sharp produced. Among the publications bearing his pseudonym are "Pharais: a Romance of the Isles," 194 "The Mountain Lovers," 1895; "From the Hills of Dream," 1896; "The Washer of the Ford," 1896; Other Studies in Spiritual History,"

1900.