though respectful in form, needs the aid of the right degree of 'vanishing stress,' to intimate its sincerity and its firmness of determination, as well as its depth of conviction.

"But when we extend our views to the demands of lyric and dramatic poetry, in which high-wrought emotion is so abundant an element of effect, the full command of this property of voice, as the natural utterance of extreme passion, becomes indispensable to true, natural and appropriate style." Russell.

Examples.

"I do not like but yet, it does allay

The good precedence; fye upon but yet:

. But yet is as a gaoler to bring forth

Some monstrous malefactor."

Cleopatra to Messenger.— ANTHONY AND CLEOPatra.

"On such occasions, I will place myself on the extreme boundary of my right, and bid defiance to the arm that would push me from it."— Webster.

"Let the consequences be what they will, I am determined to proceed. The only principles of public conduct which are worthy of a gentleman or a man, are to sacrifice estate, health, ease, applause, and even life, at the sacred call of his country."- Otis. "Fret, till your proud heart break;

Go, show your slaves how choleric you are,

And make your bondsmen tremble. Must I budge?
Must I observe you? Must I stand and crouch
Under your testy humor? By the gods,
You shall digest the venom of your spleen,
Though it do split you: for, from this day forth,
I'll use you for my mirth, yea, for my laughter,
When you are waspish."

Brutus to Cassius.- JULIUS CÆSAR.

Compound Stress is stress on both the radical and vanishing movements.

On prolonged quantity, it is the sign of energy or violence in the passion represented by it. It is not an agreeable form of stress, there being a snappishness in its character which should always be avoided by a good reader, except on those rare occasions which especially call for the peculiarity of its expression.

"The use of this form of stress belongs appropriately to feelings of peculiar force or acuteness. But on this very account, it sometimes becomes

an indispensable means of natural expression and true effect in reading or speaking. The difference between vivid and dull or flat utterance will often turn upon the exactness with which this expressive function of the voice is exerted."- Russell.

"Ye gods, it doth amaze me,

A man of such a feeble temper should
So get the start of the majestic world,

And bear the palm alone."

Cassius to Brutus.-JULIUS CESAR.

"Pile my ship with bars of silver-pack with coins of Spanish gold,
From keel-piece up to deck plank, the roomage of her hold,
By the living God who made me! I would sooner in your bay
Sink ship and crew and cargo than bear this child away!"
THE BALLAD OF CASSANDRA SOUTWICK.— Whittier.

"Deserted! Cowards! Traitors! Let me free

But for a moment! I relied on you;

Had I relied upon myself alone,

I had kept them still at bay! I kneel to you-
Let me but loose a moment, if 't is only

To rush upon your swords."

Icilius, in VIRGINIUS.

Sheridan Knowles.

Thorough Stress is stress laid upon the concrete sound throughout its whole course.

"This stress, when applied to long syllabic quantity or to continuous speech, is a sign of rudeness and vulgarity. By destroying the natural structure of the vanishing concrete, it banishes this refined spirit, and allpervading grace and delicacy of the human voice."- Rush.

"Thorough Stress is one of the most powerful weapons of oratory, but if indiscriminately used, it becomes ineffective, as savoring of the habit and mannerism of the individual, rather than of just or appropriate energy. Under such circumstances, it becomes rant, and when joined, as it sometimes is, to the habit of 'mouthing,' it can excite nothing but disgust."

“If I were an American, as I am an Englishman, while a foreign troop was landed in my country, I never would lay down my arms! -never! never! never!"-Wm. Pitt.

"What in the world he is

That names me traitor, villain like he lies:
Call by thy trumpet: he that dares approach,
On him, on you,- who not?—I will maintain

My truth and honor firmly."- Edmund, in King Lear.

"Call me their traitor! - Thou injurious tribune'
Within thine eyes sat twenty thousand deaths,
In thine hands clutched as many millions, in
Thy lying tongue both numbers, I would say,
Thou liest, unto thee, with a voice as free
As I do pray the gods."- CORIOLANUS.

"He called so loud, that all the hollow deep
Of Hell resounded. Princes, Potentates,
Warriors, the flow'r of heav'n, once yours, now lost,
Is such astonishment as this can seize

Eternal spirits; or have ye chos'n this place
After the toil of battle to repose

Your wearied virtue, for the ease you find
To slumber here, as in the vales of Heaven?
Or in this abject posture have ye sworn
To adore the conqueror? who now beholds
Cherub and Seraph rolling in the flood
With scatter'd arms and ensigns, till anon
His swift pursuers from heav'n gates discern
Th' advantage, and descending tread us down
Thus drooping, or with linked thunderbolts
Transfix us to the bottom of this gulf.
Awake, arise, or be for ever fall'n."

Satan's Speech to his Legions.-PARADISE LOST.

The following plan, suggested by Prof. Russell, for teachers who are instructing classes, who will find great aid in the use of the blackboard, is for the purpose of visible illustration, in regard to the character and effect of the different species of stress.

Radical Stress 1

Vanishing " 2

Median 66 3

Compound "

Thorough

Tremor Let

4

represent the radical stress on the sound of a in the word all, in the following example of authoritative command: "Attend ALL!" the vanishing stress on the same element of impatience and

displeasure: "I said ALL, not one or two."-on the same element, in reverence and adoration. tures in His praise!".

the median stress "Join ALL ye crea

the compound stress in astonishment the thorough

. . . . the tremor

and surprise: "What ALL! did they ALL fail?" stress in defiance: "Come one-come ALL!". of sorrow: "Oh! I have lost you ALL!" The practice of the examples and the elements should extend to the utmost excitement of emotion and force of voice.

"Ocular references may seem at first sight to have little value in a subject which relates to the ear. But notes and characters, as used in music, serve to show how exactly the ear may be taught through the eye; and even if we admit the comparative indefinite nature of all such relations when transferred to forms of speech, and of reading, the suggestive power of visible forms has a great influence on the faculty of association, and aids clearness and precision of thought, and a corresponding definiteness and exactness in sound."-Russell.

SELECTIONS.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF MEDIAN STRESS.

THANATOPSIS. William Cullen Bryant.

To him who in the love of Nature holds
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks
A various language; for his gayer hours
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile
And eloquence of beauty, and she glides
Into his darker musings, with a mild
And healing sympathy, that steals away
Their sharpness ere he is aware. When thoughts
Of the last bitter hour come like a blight
Over thy spirit, and sad images

Of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall,
And breathless darkness, and the narrow house,
Make thee to shudder, and grow sick at heart;
Go forth, under the open sky, and list

To Nature's teachings, while from all around
Earth and her waters, and the depths of air,—
Comes a still voice-Yet a few days, and thee
The all-beholding sun shall see no more

In all his course; nor yet in the cold ground,
Where thy pale form was laid with many tears,
Nor in the embrace of ocean, shall exist

Thy image. Earth, that nourished thee, shall claim
Thy growth, to be resolved to earth again,
And, lost each human trace, surrendering up
Thine individual being, shalt thou go

To mix forever with the elements,

To be a brother to the insensible rock

The oak

And to the sluggish clod, which the rude swain
Turns with his share, and treads upon.
Shall send his roots abroad, and pierce thy mould.
Yet not to thine eternal resting-place

Shalt thou retire alone,-nor could'st thou wish
Couch more magnificent. Thou shalt lie down
With patriarchs of the infant world- with kings,
The powerful of the earth-the wise, the good,