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II. Antecedent Probability.
III. Analogy....
IV. Effect to Cause.
V. Cause to Effect...
VI. From General to Specific..
VII. Narration-Description..
VIII. Definition...
a. By Repetition...
b. By Comparison or Contrast.
c. By Negation.....
d. By Concrete Example...
e. By Details..
D. Summary...
CHAPTER V
ARRANGING THE MATERIAL
A. Logical Methods of Arrangement.
I. Cause and Effect....
II. Chronological Order.
III. Space Order......
IV. Predetermined Analysis.
B. Arrangement on a Psychological Basis.
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I. Simple or Familiar to Complex or Unfamiliar
II. Association of Ideas..
C. Arrangement for Special Effects.
I. Special Interests. . . . .
II. Submerging Minor Points...
III. Placing the Most Important Phase..
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C. Clearness...
I. Simplicity.
II. Directness.
D. Force..
I. Arrangement.
II. Choice of Words.
a. Simplicity..
b. Precision...
c. Vocabulary Building.
III. Illustration.
IV. Proportion..
a. Causes of Bad Proportion.
b. Emphasis by Proportion..
E. Attractiveness-A Special Quality.
I. Figures of Speech..
II. Wit and Humor....
III. Variety in Sentence Structure.
F. Summary...
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CHAPTER X
THE SPEAKER'S ATTITUDE TOWARD HIS SUBJECT
A. Familiarity with the Subject..
B. A Spirit of Fairness..
C. A Marked Degree of Interest.
D. Summary..
CHAPTER XI
THE SPEAKER'S ATTITUDE TOWARD HIS AUDIENCE
A. Alertness..
B. Friendliness.
C. The Will to Convince and Persuade.
D. A Spirit of Helpfulness..
E. Summary. .
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II. Clear and Forceful Expression..
a. Modulations of Quality...
b. Modulations of Pitch and Force.
c. Modulations of Rate....
CHAPTER XIII
EXPRESSIVE GESTURE
A. Gesture Defined...
B. Normal Position...
C. Shifting the Position...
D. Expression with the Head and Face...
E. Gestures of the Arms and Hands....
F. Summary..
I. Manual Gestures and Common Sense.
II. The Scope of Manual Gestures..
a. Forms of the Hand...
b. Positions of the Hand.
a. Aptness....
b. Accuracy of Timing.
c. Spontaneity..
Conclusion....
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c. Using Both Hands........
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III. Essential Characteristics of Effective Gesture 199
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CHAPTER XIV
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