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temple of the Jews. You first entered the outer court, or court of the Gentiles. Within the court of the Gentiles stood the court of the Israelites divided into two parts or courts, the outer one being appropriated to the women, and the inner one to the men. Within the court of the Israelites was that of the priests, in which stood the altar of burnt offerings. From this court you ascended to the temple, strictly so called, which was divided into three parts, the portico, the outer Sanctuary, and the holy place. In the sanctuary, or holy place, called also the first tabernacle, stood the altar of incense overlaid with gold, the table of shew-bread, consisting of twelve loaves, and the great candlestick of pure gold containing seven branches: none of the people were allowed to go into the holy place, but only the priests. The holy of holies, called also the second tabernacle, into which none went but the high priest, contained in it the ark, called the ark of the testimony (Exod. xxv. 22.) or the ark of the covenant (Josh. iv.7.) Such was the temple of the Jews. But the Christian temple consists only of the holy of holies, called the temple in particular, or the temple which is in heaven Rev. iii. 12; vii. 15; xi. 1, 19; xiv. 17; xv. 5, 6, 8; xvi. 1, 17; xxi. 22; and the Sanctuary in which the altar of incense stood, called the altar, Rev. vi. 9; viii. 3; ix. 13; xiv. 18; the holy of holies or temple, typifying the abode of the objects of the adoration of the Church, whether God or Antichrist, and the sanctuary or altar the Church itself on earth. But the meaning of temple is not always restricted to one part of it, but sometimes means the altar as xiv. 15, and sometimes includes it, as xi. 2. In the Christian sanctuary the seven independent candlesticks stood instead of the seven branched one candlestick; and to it there is only one

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outer court, that in which the Gentiles tread, who are all nominal Christians, who do not worship in spirit and in truth. When St. John was commanded to measure the temple and altar, the temple was occupied by the Beast of the Abyss, and the Earth Beast, and the church was divided into two candlesticks, the Eastern and Western, There is no altar of burnt offerings, that being done away with by the death of Christ. Heb. x. 1012. The souls underneath, ToxάTo the altar, will represent the souls in Hades, the intermediate state of the good. See TEMPLE, TABERNACLE, HADES.

2. Horns of the Altar. The four quarters of the Church. Horns were placed at the four corners of the altar. Compare Exod. xxvii. 2. with xxx. 2.-Rev. ix. 13. And I heard one (Gr.) voice from the four horns of the golden altar. That is, there was one mind in all quarters of the Church, with respect to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks. "To oppose this mighty armament (300,000 men) the emperor (of Constantinople) had only a garrison of six thousand Greeks, and three thousand Venetians and Genoese, and a few gallies and ships of war! He was left alone to maintain the unequaj contest by the listlessness and apathy of the powers of Christendom; the western States of France, Spain, and England, were involved in their endless wars and domestic quarrels; the Pope, Nicholas V., was provoked by the falsehood and the obstinacy with which the union of the Greek and Latin Churches was often fallaciously agreed to by the Greek Emperors, in their distress, or broken in their respite*; and when he was roused by

* "The Latins were detested as heretics and infidels, and the Great Duke was heard to declare, that he had rather behold in Constantinople the turban of Mahomet than the Pope's tiara, or a Cardinal's hat!"

their last acquiescence, to employ the resources of Italy, Constantinople had fallen, before the squadrons of Genoa and Venice could sail from their harbours! Even in his own capital the intreaties and tears of the emperor could not prevail on the Byzantine nobility and the rich citizens to contribute their aid and their money to the defence of the walls, and to the payment of the garrison, and supply of provisions, and repairs of the fortifications. They folded their arms as if resistance was hopeless, they shut their purses, and hid their treasures, to preserve them from the enemy, and the two factions, for, and against the union with the Church of Rome, were hotly disputing the point; one party attributing their calamities to their uniting, the other to their not uniting; when the Turks broke in and settled the controversy, by destroying or enslaving both." Hales' Analysis of Chronology, Vol. iii. p. 417.

ANCIENT OF DAYS.-The eternal Father. Dan. vii. 9. I beheld till the thrones were set, and the Ancient of Days did sit, whose garment was white as snow. This represents the spiritual assize or session of the Father on the Papacy at the Reformation of the Christo-Judaic Church by Luther, A. D. 1518, and is expressed by the Angel with the everlasting gospel at Rev. xiv. 7, by The hour of his judgment is come. Why the Father is represented in particular as the Judge in this instance is very clear. They repented not of the works of their hands that they should not worship devils and idols of gold, &c. ix. 20. The angel, therefore, calls them off from demonolatry or Mahuzzim-worship to worship him that made heaven and earth, and the sea and the fountains of waters, so that the Father might be reinstated in his ancient throne of the Faith of the Church; for the predicted judgment on papal idolatry was arrived. The

synchronisms of this session are the descent of the mighty angel with the rainbow, Rev. x. 1; the three angels, xiv; the angel with great power, xviii. 1; and the standing up of Michael for his Christo-Judaic people. Dan. xii. 1.

ANGEL.-A presiding minister or priest, or succession of them, put also for the body over which he presides. Compare Rev. ii. 8. with ii. 10; and ii. 18. with ii. 24. See KING.

1. The seven Angels. The seven presiding ministers of the seven Churches in the Lydian Asia. Rev. i. ii. iii. 2. The four Angels standing on the four corners of the earth. The four chief ministers of the Roman Empire, the Prætorian Prefects. Rev. vii. 1. And after these things I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree. "According to the plan of government instituted by Diocletian, the four princes had each their Prætorian Præfect; and after the monarchy was once more united in the person of Constantine, he still continued to create the same number of FOUR PRÆFECTS, and entrusted to their care the same provinces which they already administered. 1. The præfect of the East stretched his ample jurisdiction into the three parts of the globe which were subject to the Romans, from the cataracts of the Nile to the banks of the Phasis, and from the mountains of Thrace to the frontiers of Persia. 2. The important provinces of Pannonia, Dacia, Macedonia, and Greece, once acknowledged the authority of the præfect of Illyricum. 3. The power of the præfect of Italy was not confined to the country from whence he derived his title; it extended over the additional terri

tory of Rhætia as far as the banks of the Danube, over the dependent islands of the Mediterranean, and over that part of the continent of Africa which lies between the confines of Cyrene and those of Tingitania. 4. The præfect of the Gauls comprehended under that plural denomination the kindred provinces of Britain and Spain, and his authority was obeyed from the wall of Antoninus to the foot of Mount Atlas." Gib. III. xvii. n. n. 99. But as it is of singular use for the right understanding of the geography of prophecy, I will here insert this division of the Roman Empire out of the book called Notitia Imperii, said to be written about the time of Arcadius and Honorius, where the whole empire is divided into thirteen dioceses, under four Præfecti Prætoris; and about an hundred and twenty provinces contained in them, in the manner and form following:

The Præfectus-Prætorio Orientis, and under him five Dioceses, viz. the Oriental, Egyptian, Asiatic, Pontic, and Thracian Dioceses.

I. In the Oriental Diocese, are contained fifteen Provinces. 1. Palæstina. 2. Phoenice. 3. Syria. 4. Cilicia. 5. Cyrus. 6. Arabia. 7. Isauria. 8. Palæstina Salutaris. 9. Palæstina Secunda. 10. Phoenice Libani. 11. Euphratensis. 12. Syria Salutaris. 13. Osrhæna. 14. Mesopotamia. 15. Cilicia Secunda.

II. In the Diocese of Egypt, six Provinces. 4. Libya Superior. 2. Libya Inferior. 3. Thebais. 4. Ægyptus. 5. Arcadia. 6. Augustamnica. III. In the Asiatic Diocese, ten Provinces. 1. Pamphylia. 2. Hellespontus. 3. Lydia. 4. Pisidia. 5. Lycaonia. 6. Phrygia Pacatiana. 7. Phrygia

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