Salutaris. 8. Lycia. 9. Caria. 10. Insulæ IV. In the Poutic Diocese, eleven Provinces. 1. Galatia. 2. Bithynia. 3. Honorias. 4. Cappadocia Prima. 5. Paphlagonia. 6. Pontus Polemoniacus. 7. Helenopontus. 8. Armenia Prima. 9. Armenia Secunda. 10. Galatia Sa11. Cappadocia Secunda. V. In the Diocese of Thrace, six Provinces. 1. Europa. 2. Thracia. 3. Hæmimontis. 5. Mæsia Secunda. 6. Scythia. 4. Rhodope. The Præfectus-Prætorio of Illyricum, and under him two Dioceses, Macedonia and Dacia. VI. In the Diocese of Macedonia, six Provinces. 1. Achaia. 2, Macedonia. 3. Creta. 4. Thessalia. 5. Epirus Vetus. 6. Epirus Nova, and Pars Macedoniæ Salutaris. VII. In the Diocese of Dacia, five Provinces. 1. Dacia Mediterranea. 2. Dacia Ripensis. 3. Mæsia Prima. 4. Dardania. 5. Pars Macedoniæ Salutaris and Prævalitana. The Præfectus-Prætorio of Italy, and under him three Dioceses, viz. Italy or the Italic Diocese, Illyricum, and Africa. VIII. In the Italic Diocese are contained seventeen Pro vinces. 1. Venetiæ. 2. Emylia. 3. Liguria. 4. Flaminia and Picenum Annonarium. 5. Tuscia and Umbria. 6. Picenum Suburbicarium. 7. Campania. 8. Sicilia. 9. Apulia and Calabria. 10. Lucania and Brutü. 11. Alpes Cottiæ. 12. Rhætia Prima. 13. Rhætia Secunda. 14. Samnium. 15. Valeria. 16. Sardinia. 17. Corsica. IX. In the Diocese of Illyricum, six Provinces. 1. Pannonia Secunda. 2. Savia. 3. Dalmatia. 4. Pannonia Prima. 5. Noricum Mediterraneum. 6. Noricum Ripense. X. In the Diocese of Africa, six Provinces. 1. Byzacium. 2. Numidia. 3. Mauritania Sitifensis. 4. Mauritania Cæsariensis. 5. Tripolis. 6. Africa Proconsularis. The Præfectus-Prætorio Galliarum, and under him three Dioceses, viz. Hispania, Gallia, Britannia. XI. In the Spanish Diocese, seven Provinces. 1. Boetica. 2. Lusitania. 3. Gallæcia. 4. Tarraconensis. 5. Carthaginensis. 6. Tingitania. 7. Baleares. XII. In the Gallican Diocese, seventeen Provinces. 1. Viennensis. 2. Lugdunensis Prima. 3. Germania Prima. 4. Germania Secunda. 5. Belgica Prima. 6. Belgica Secunda. 7. Alpes Maritimæ. 8. Alpes Penninæ and Graiæ. 9. Maxima Sequanorum. 10. Aquitania Prima. 11. Aquitania Secunda. 12. Novem Populi. 13. Narbonensis Prima. 14. Narbonensis Secunda. 15. Lugdunensis Secunda. 16. Lugdunensis Tertia. 17. Lugdunensis Senonia. XIII. In the Britannic Diocese, five Provinces. 1. Maxima Cæsariensis. 2. Valentia. 3. Britannia Prima. 4. Britannia Secunda. 5. Flavia Cæsariensis. Bingh. Ch. Antiq. ix. 1, 5. "After the Prætorian Præfects had been dismissed from all military command, the civil functions which they were ordained to exercise over so many subject nations, were adequate to the ambition and abilities of the most consummate ministers. To their wisdom was committed the supreme administration of justice and of the finances, the two objects which, in a state of peace, comprehend almost all the respective duties of the sovereign and of the people; of the former, to protect the citizens who are obedient to the laws; of the latter, to contribute the share of their property which is required for the expences of the state. The coin, the highways, the posts, the granaries, the manufactures, whatever could interest the public prosperity, was moderated by the authority of the Prætorian Præfects, (they held the four winds of the earth). As the immediate representatives of the Imperial majesty, they were empowered to explain, to enforce, and on some occasions to modify, the general edicts by their discretionary proclamations. They watched over the conduct of the provincial governors, removed the negligent, and inflicted punishments on the guilty. From all the inferior jurisdictions, an appeal in every matter of importance, either civil or criminal, might be brought before the tribunal of the præfect but his sentence was final and absolute; and the emperors themselves refused to admit any complaint against the judgment or the integrity of a magistrate, whom they honored with such unbounded confidence. His appointments were suitable to his dignity; and if avarice was his ruling passion, he enjoyed frequent opportunities of collecting a rich harvest of fees, of presents, and of perquisites. Gibb. III. xvii. n. n. 99. 3. The Seven Angels with the Trumpets. The seven successive series of the true preachers of authorised Christianity from the adoption of our holy religion by Constantine, A. D. 312. to the second coming of Christ. These seven angels are not distinct from the two witnesses. For the effects of the public sounding of the word by the former, and of the prophesying, or fiery preaching of the latter, are the same: they both have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues as often as they will. Compare Rev. xi. 6. with viii. But the difference is in this: the trumpet-angels mark out the chronology of the Church and the two witnesses its geography: the trumpet-angels designate the seven stages of the progress of the ark to its resting place, the seven successive series of the sounding against the Antichristian Jericho before it falls; while the two witnesses mark out the Universal true Church distributed in the two Empires of the East and West, and afterwards, when the Eastern Empire ceased, in the two Prætorian or Papal Præfectures of Gaul and Italy. See 2. 4. The Angel with the Censer. Our Lord's accession to the High-Priesthood of the Roman Empire in the room of the Roman Pagan Pontiff, whose office had been before filled by the Cæsars. Rev. viii. 3, 4. 5. The Angel of the Bottomless Pit. The prince of this world, put for Muhammed and the series of Khalifs his successors, who were stars or angels, i. e. priests, and princes, and abaddons, i. e. commanders as well, being Commanders of the Faithful, and the Emirs of Emirs. See ABADDON, ABYSS. 6. The four Angels bound on the great river Euphrates. The four dynasties or peoples of Turks; 1. The Seljukians: 2. The Atabeks: 3. The Kharismians; and 4. the Ottomans, in possession of the Prætorian Præfecture of the East. Why they are called angels and not kings may be from the priestly character of their Sultans. The Seljukians conquered Anatolia and founded the kingdom of Rhoum, in A.D. 1074 or 1081, which extended from the Euphrates to Constantinople, from the confines of Syria to the Black Sea. It lasted 220 years under fifteen sultans, who fixed their seat at Nice in Bithynia, where the first general council was held, and afterwards at Iconium. Gibb. x. lvii. n. n. 52; or Mills' Hist. of Muhammedanism, p. 257, 2d edit.; Les Fastes Universels. Suite de la Phil. 1037. In the year 1127 the Atabeks reigned over Syria, Mesopotamia, and Chaldea or Irak-Arabi, under Omadeddin Zenghi, the first of the dynasty; and under Noureddin, his son, their dominion reached from the Tigris to the Nile. Gibb. XI. lix. n. n. 39. This dynasty was continued on by the renowned Saladin and the Ayoubites his descendants, and lasted till 1250. Les F. Uni. Suite de la Phil. 1084. Suite des Epoq. 1197. In 1297, the Kharismian or Khovarezmian Turks, come from Charisme between the Jaxartes and the Oxus, under the conduct of Cotheddin, seized Persia from the Seljukians and India from the Gaznavides. "Flying from the arms of the Moguls, those shepherds of the Caspian rolled head-long on Syria, A. D. 1243; and the union of the Franks with the sultans of Aleppo, Hems, and Damascus, was insufficient to stem the violence of the torrent. Whatever stood against them was cut off by the sword, or dragged into captivity: the military orders were almost exterminated in a single battle; and in the pillage of the city, in the profanation of the holy sepulchre, the Latins confess and regret the modesty and discipline of the Turks and Saracens." Gibb. x1. lix. n. n. 91. L. F. Un. Suite de la Phil. 1097. Othman or Osman, son of Orthogrul, or Ordogrul, morzar or chief of the Turcoman Tartars, descendant of the ancient Sultans of Iconium, founded the dynasty of the Ottoman Turks in Asia Minor, and established himself at Prusa in Bithynia, A. D. 1299: at the head of seven captain Turks, he sallied out of Persia, and made himself master of all what the |