ton, whose short, but brilliant course of usefulness will be long remembered in that city. He has left a volume of sermons, edited by his class mate and friend, the Rev. William W. Spear, which manifest intense zeal in the sacred profession which he had chosen, and more than usual powers of mind. While at the college, his tuition was given him by Dr. Adams. Besides the graduates, who have entered the ministry, a considerable number of others have become ministers, who were educated there, but not graduated. Others are among the most respectable lawyers, physicians, planters, and merchants of South Carolina. Four of the graduates have died, all the others are supposed to be living. Of one class of graduates, consisting originally of eight, five are now respectable clergymen. A considerable number of beneficiaries were educated at the college, who, without its aid, could never have received a collegiate education.

Besides the discouragements of the faculty of the Charleston College, of which mention has been made in the preceding sketch, there were others which deserve some notice.

The English and grammar school departments, which always constituted very much the largest part of the institution, weighed it down to the earth, and presented an effectual bar to its rising in rank and usefulness. Young gentlemen, whose education was considerably advanced, felt themselves degraded by being members of a college filled with small boys. This feeling may have been perfectly unreasonable, but it is known to have existed, and operated very much to the injury of the college. In the year 1832, there were sixty members of the "college proper," and an earnest effort was made by Dr. Adams, in December of that year, to have it cleared of the incumbrance of an English and grammar school. This the trustees refused, and, by this refusal, disappointed the students, the faculty and the public, all of whom earnestly wished for, and expected such a measure from them. The whole subject was fully and carefully argued by Dr. Adams, at the time above-mentioned, in a memorial (report) addressed to the trustees. Circumstances were, at that time, eminently favorable to such a measure;—especially, the State College at Columbia had lost the confidence of the citizens, and was entirely prostrate;-and the attention of the people of the State, even from the upper districts, was very favorably drawn to the College of Charleston. With sixty students to begin with, and the college high in the confidence and favor of the public, the adoption of this measure accompanied by a reasonable effort to increase the funds, could not have failed, by the blessing of Providence, to place the college on a foundation not to be shaken. But the golden opportunity was lost, through the refusal of the trustees to act on the subject, and from that time, symptoms of the decline of the college began to be seen by the faculty, though they may not have been manifest to more remote observers for some time afterwards.

Other sources of discouragement to the faculty were the following. Very few of the trustees educated their own sons at the Charleston College, but sent them to the northern colleges and universities. This naturally induced others to imitate their example, and withdrew a considerable portion of patronage, which might naturally have been expected by the city college. Very little patronage could, under any circumstances, be expected by the college, except from the city and the surrounding country. The inhabitants of the upper country patronized it to a certain extent, but they were unwilling to risk their sons in Charleston during the summer, in consequence of the yellow fever which usually appears there once in two or three years. Dr. Adams's administration also continued through the whole "time of nullification;" and the proceedings of this period and the spirit generated by them, were any thing but favorable to that subordination and discipline, without the maintenance of which no college can be successfully instructed. Many of the difficulties and embarrassments of the faculty had their origin in nullification. When the fathers set themselves to nullify the laws of the Union, it can excite little surprise, that their sons should be disposed to nullify the college laws. The effect of the intervention of the trustees, in cases of discipline, too, was always to weaken, and never to strengthen the hands of the faculty. At length, the pupils of the college came to anticipate, that, as a matter of course, in any difficulty between them and the faculty, the trustees would be on their side.

The industrious propagation of opinions in the city of Charleston, likewise, to the effect that the study of Latin, Greek and Mathematics, was of little or no importance, especially by the late Thomas S. Grimké, Esq., was highly injurious to the interests of the college, inasmuch as these were among the leading subjects taught under its auspices. Moreover, although many examinations were held in the college, the trustees were very seldom present. At a very large majority of all the examinations, not a single member of the board was present.

Another source of discouragement consisted in this, that many pupils left the college at an advanced stage of their education, and were graduated at other colleges. These frequent removals arose, not often from dissatisfaction with the Charleston College, but sometimes, because graduation at the State College at Columbia was supposed to confer certain political advantages in future life on its alumni; and at other times, because the Northern colleges, to which its pupils were transferred, enjoyed a larger share of celebrity. The effect of this was, that the faculty of the College of Charleston had all the burthen of educating a large number, while other colleges obtained all the honor of educating them. Finally, the revival of the State College at Columbia, with a new faculty, with the buildings newly fitted up, and under new auspices generally, swallowed up the remains of the Charleston College, which had been for some time declining.

The college flourished under Dr. Adams, so long as his plans and his advice were acted upon; it was only when his plans were rejected, and his advice set aside in favor of the counsels of men supposed to be wiser than he, that it began to decline. As late as the 7th of February, 1835, the board of trustees, after a full and minute inquiry into the manner in which the college was conducted by the faculty, declared by resolution, that they did "not know of any existing abuses which should deprive the college of the public confidence," and up to the close of Dr. Adams's administration, they bore explicit testimony to his "faithful services." His connection with them closed with the end of the year 1836. Under the circumstances, it is remarkable that so much was accomplished.

In preparing this sketch, we have had before us copious extracts from the records of the trustees, manuscript letters from the Rt. Rev. Dr. Bowen, Dr. John Dickson, the Rev. Dr. B. M. Palmer, the late Thomas Bee, Esq., and Judge John S. Richardson.

HISTORY OF THE AIREDALE INDEPENDENT COLLEGE, NEAR BRADFORD, ENGLAND.

THIS Institution was first established at Heckmondwike in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The studies were conducted by the Rev. Mr. Scott, who had the charge of 56 students, besides 10 students who were transferred to his successor, the Rev. S. Walker of Northowram. The latter gentleman instructed 34 in all, including 4 who were transferred to his successor, the Rev. William Vint of Idle. In a most important sense, Mr. Vint was the father of the college. He was the occasion, if not the direct cause, of its first establishment as a regular institution. The circumstance of Mr. Vint's being at Idle, and the high reputation which he had acquired for those qualities and attainments which are most desirable in the tutor of a theological seminary, led Samuel Hanson, Esq. of Hackney to devote a part of his fortune (£5,000) to the education of young men for the ministry. It was Mr. Vint's anxious concern and zealous efforts to enlarge the sphere of his own labors, and to afford the advantages of an efficient academical institution to the whole district, which first interested the churches of the West Riding in the work of training up 23

VOL. XII.

young men for the work of the sanctuary, and exchanged a private and exceedingly limited establishment into a public institution of considerable extent and wide-spreading influence. Mr. Hanson's original provision was only for two students; it was Mr. Vint's ambition to double that number. This was effected; but their first success only stimulated the tutor and his zealous supporters and friends to devise yet more liberal things. Indeed of two candidates for the ministry, with whom the institution commenced in the first year of the present century, it afforded in 1828, the advantages of a classical, biblical and theological education to 18. Mr. Vint held the office of sole tutor for 34 years. He conducted the education of about 90 ministers. Few men have ever manifested a more entire and disinterested devotedness to one great object, than he to the promotion of what in his judgment were the best interests of Airedale College. He died on the 13th of March, 1834.

Previously to the death of Mr. Vint, the institution had been removed from Idle to Undercliffe in the town of Bradford, as being nearer the centre of the populous District of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and the great roads leading to the principal towns in that Riding. A commodious college building, with 30 rooms for students, was completed in 1835, at an expense of £5,068. Two estates of very considerable value were about the same time bequeathed to the institution by Mrs. Bacon of Bradford. It is required by the statutes that the doctrines contained in the Assembly's Shorter Catechism shall be taught and inculcated in the seminary. The tutors are required to be ministers of the gospel, of the Congregational or Independent denomination. The course of studies embraces the Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages, English composition, Rhetoric, Logic, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Geography, Church History and Theology. Board and tuition are furnished gratuitously to indigent students. All the students are required to remain five years.

The officers of the institution are,

Rev. WALTER SCOTT, Theological Tutor.
Rev. W. B. CLULOW, Classical Tutor.

and

CHRISTOPHER ANDERSON, Esq.,}

Rev. J. STRINGER, Secretary.

GEORGE RUTT,

JOSH. WILSON,

J. R. MILLS, and

JOHN CLAPHAM, EsqS.,

Treasurers.

Trustees for Mr. Hanson's annuity.

ROGER LEE, Esq., Treasurer for London.

The following is the list of alumni, copied from the last Report which we have in our possession. We regret that the Christian names are not given in the first part of the list. The letter d after a name denotes that the person is deceased.

By the Rev. Mr. Scott, of Heckmondwike.

Waldgrave, St. Edmund's Bury, d.
Priestley, Jewin Street, d.

Plumbe, Nottingham, d.

Allott, Forton, d.

Popplewell, Beverley, d.

Tetley, Sowerby, d.

Gurnall, Delph, d.
Tunstall, d

Pratman, Cotherston, d.
Lambert, Hull, d.
Toothill, Hopton, d.
Armitage, Chester, d.
Dawson, Cleckheaton, d.
Offwood, Loudon.
Galland, Holmfirth, d.
Linnett, Oakham, d.

Brook, Stockport, d.
Clegg, Sunderland, d.
Shuttlebottom, Bungay, d.
Carter, Mattleshall.

Bottomley, Scarborough, d.
Crow, Northwalshaw, d.
Scott, Hinkley, d.
Ashburn, Gloucester.

Whitehead, Charlesworth, d.
Pickersgill, near London, d.
Grimshaw, Forton, d.
Gill, Market Harboro', d.
Walker, Northowram, d.
Hollingworth, decl. the Ministry.

Northend, Bridlington, d.

Grundy, Leicester, d.
Sykes, Guestwick.
Bruce, Liverpool, d.
Pickles, America.
Sharp, St. Helen's, d.
Spencer, d.

Cockin, Halifax, d.

Wearing, Rendham, d.

Sutcliffe, Chapel-en-le-Firth, d.

Blackburn, Delph, d.

Kenworthy, Harwich, d.

Rhodes, New York, d.

Hogg, Thrapstone.

Stephenson, Trowbridge, d.

Simpson, D D, Hoxton College, d.

Wilby, Durham, d.

Bruce, Wakefield, d.

Scholefield, Henley, d.

Smith, Nantwick, d.

HISTORY OF SPRING HILL COLLEGE, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

THIS theological institution had its origin in the Christian liberality of the late George Storer Mansfield, Esq., and of his sisters, Mrs. Sarah Glover and Miss Elizabeth Mansfield. Its object is to provide a sound and comprehensive theological education for pious young men preparing for the Christian ministry. It is for the benefit, more particularly, of the Congregational denomination in the Midland counties of England. It commenced operations in September, 1838. The following is the list of officers:

Rev. JOHN ANGELL JAMES, Birmingham, Chairman of the Board of Managers.
Rev. R. S. M'ALL, LL. D., Manchester,

Rev. GEO. BEDFORD, D. D., LL. D., Worcester,

Rev. JOHN BURDER, M. A, Stroud,

Rev. J. GAWTHORN, Derby,

Rev. JOSEPH GILBERT, Nottingham,

› Visitors and Examiners.

Rev. FRANCIS WATTS, Professor of Christian and Pastoral Theology and Church
History.

Rev. T. R. BARKER, Professor of Biblical and Classical Philology.

Professor of Natural, Mental and Moral Philosophy.

Rev. JOHN HAMMOND, Handsworth, Honorary Secretary.

Rev. BENJAMIN BROOK, Birmingham,

Rev. JAMES DAWSON, Dudley,

Rev. TIMOTHY EAST, Birmingham,

Rev. JOHN JONES,

do.

Rev. JAMES MATHESON, D. D., Wolverhampton, Members of Educational Board.
Rev. R. M. MILLER, Atherstone,

Rev. J. G. GALLAWAY, M. A., West Broomwich,

Rev. JOHN HILL, Gornal,

Rev. ROBERT Ross, M. D., Kidderminster,

Rev. JOHN SIBREE, Coventry,

In order that the evangelical object which the founders had in view may be as effectually secured as possible, and to preserve the funds from being perverted to any other object, it is expressly provided in the deed of trust, that "no person shall, at any time, be deemed eligible to be a member of the committee, unless he profess and declare, by writing under his own hand, that he believes in the unity of the Godhead, in the Divinity of Christ, in the atonement made by his death for sin, the divinity and personality of the Holy Spirit, the necessity of the Spirit's influence for the illumination of the understanding and the renovation of the heart, and the plenary inspiration of the holy Scriptures."

The theological course embraces four years, the completion of which will be indispensable to a student's honorable dismission from the college, and which it will be the sincere desire of the committee to render comprehensive in its outline, biblical and scientific in its course and evidences, practical in its bearings on ministerial labor, and liberal, devout and conscientious in its spirit. To this course no student will be admitted, except under very special circumstances, who has not completed his eighteenth year, or is unable to pass a creditable examination in the elements of the Hebrew language, a few select authors in Greek and Roman literature, ancient geography and history, both sacred and profane, and the principles of mathematics and intellectual philosophy.

It has been determined to establish an initiatory course, consisting of from one to three sessions. Into this, young men of piety, suitably recommended, may be admitted in their seventeenth year, provided they can read the Eneid of Virgil and are acquainted with the elements of the Greek language. The following is a general outline of the theological course. 1. Exegetical Theology, including portions of the historical, devotional, prophetical and doctrinal portions of both Testaments in their original languages. 2. Synthetical Theology, including natural theology and introduction to revealed theology, Christian