bishop Andrews: and furely they be rude draughts indeed, infomuch that it is marvel to think what his friends meant, to let come abroad fuch fhallow reafonings with the name of a man fo much bruited for learning. In the twelfth and twenty-third pages he feems most notorioufly inconftant to himself; for in the former place he tells us he forbears to take any argument of prelaty from Aaron, as being the type of Chrift. In the latter he can forbear no longer but repents him of his rafh gratuity, affirming, that to fay, Chrift being come in the flesh, his figure in the high priest ceafeth, is the fhift of an anabaptift; and ftifly argues, that Chrift being as well king as prieft, was as well fores resembled by the kings then, as by the high prieft: so that if his coming take away the one type, it must alfo the other. Marvellous piece of divinity! and well worth that the land fhould pay fix thoufand pounds a year for in a bishopric; although I read of no fophifter among the Greeks that was fo dear, neither Hippias nor Protagoras, nor any whom the focratic fchool famously refuted without hire. Here we have the type of the king fewed to the tippet of the bifhop, fubtlety to caft a jealoufy upon the crown, as if the right of kings, like Meleager in the Metamorphofis, were no longerlived than the firebrand of prelaty. But more likely the prelates fearing (for their own guilty carriage protefts they do fear) that their fair days cannot long hold, practife by poffeffing the king with this moft falfe doctrine, to engage his pow er for them, as in his own quarrel, that when they fall they may fall in a general ruin, juft as cruel Tiberius would with busumo ed ti doodt mbung

"When I die e let the earth be rolled in flames.”

But where, O Bishop, doth the purpofe of the law fet forth Chrift to us as a king! That which never was intended in the law can never be abolished as part thereof. When the law was made, there was no king: if before the law, or under the law, God by a fpecial type in any king would forefignify the future kingdom of Chrift, which is not yet vifibly come; what was that to the law? The whole ceremonial law (and types can be in no law elfe) comprehends nothing but the propitiatory office of

Chrift's

Chrift's priesthood, which being in fubftance accomplifhed, both law and priesthood fades away of itself, and paffes into air like a tranfitory vifion, and the right of kings neither ftands by any type nor falls. We acknowledge that the civil magiftrate wears an au thority of God's giving, and ought to be obeyed as his vicegerent. But to make a king a type, we fay is an abufive and unfkilful fpeech, and of a moral folidity makes it seem a ceremonial fhadow: therefore your typical chain of king and priest must unlink. But is not the type of prieft taken away by Chrift's coming? No, faith this fa mous proteftant bishop of Winchefter, it is not; and he that faith it is, is an anabaptift. What think ye, readers, do ye not understand him? What can be gathered hence, but that the prelate would ftill facrifice? Conceive him, readers, he would miffificate. Their altars, indeed, were in a fair forwardnefs; and by fuch arguments as these they were fetting up the molten calf of their mafs again, and of their great hierarch the pope. For if the type of priest be not taken away, then neither of the high prieft, it were a ftrange beheading; and high priest more than one there cannot be, and that one can be no less than a pope. And this doubtlefs was the bent of his career, though never fo covertly. Yea, but there was fomething else in the high priest, befides the figure, as is plain by St. Paul's acknowledging him. It is true, that in the 17th of Deut. whence this authority arises to the priest in matters too hard for the fecular judges, as muft needs be many in the occafions of those times, involved fo with ceremonial niceties, no wonder though it be commanded to inquire at the mouth of the priests, who befides the magiftrates their colleagues, had the oracle of urim to confult with. And whether the high priest Ananias had not encroached beyond the limits of his prieftly authority, or whether he used it rightly, was no time then for St. Paul to contest about. But if this instance be able to affert any right of jurisdiction to the clergy, it must impart it in common to all minifters, fince it were a great folly to feek for counfel in a hard intricate fcruple from a dunce prelate, when there might be found a speedier folution from a grave and learned minifter, whom God hath gifted with the judgment

A

judgment of urim, more amply ofttimes than all the prelates together; and now in the gofpel hath granted the privilege of this oraculous ephod alike to all his minifters. The reafon therefore of imparity in the priefts, being now, as is aforefaid, really annulled both in their person and in their reprefentative office, what right of jurisdiction foever can be from this place levitically bequeathed, must defcend upon the minifters of the gofpel equally, as it finds them in all other points equal. Well, then, he is finally content to let Aaron go; Eleazar will serve his turn, as being a fuperiour of fuperiours, and yet no type of Chrift in Aaron's lifetime. O thou that wouldeft wind into any figment, or phantafm, to fave thy mite! yet all this will not fadge, though it be cunningly interpolifhed by fome fecond hand with crooks and emendations: hear then, the type of Chrift in fome one particular, as of entering yearly into the holy of holies, and fuch like, refted upon the high priest only as more immediately perfonating our Saviour: but to refemble his whole fatisfactory office, all the lineage of Aaron was no more than fufficient. And all or any of the priests, confidéred feparately without relation to the higheft, are but as a lifelefs trunk, and fignify nothing. And this fhows the excellence of Chrift's facrifice, who at once and in one perfon fulfilled that which many hundreds of priests many times repeating had enough to forefhow. What other imparity there was among themselves, we may fafely fuppofe it depended on the dignity of their birth and family, together with the circumftances of a carnal fervice, which might afford many priorities. And this I take to be the fum of what the bishop hath laid together to make plea for prelaty by imitation of the law: though indeed, if it may ftand, it will infer popedom all as well. Many other courfes he tries, enforcing himself with much oftentation of endless genealogies, as if he were the man that St. Paul forewarns us of in Timothy, but fo unvigoroufly, that I do not fear his winning of many to his. cause, but such as doting upon great names are either overweak, or overfudden of faith. I fhall not refuse, therefore, to learn fo much prudence as I find in the roman foldier that attended the crofs, not to stand break

ing of legs, when the breath is quite out of the body, but país to that which follows. The primate of Armagh at the beginning of his tractate feeks to avail himself of that place in the fixty-fixth of Ifaiah, "I will take of them for priefts and levites, faith the Lord," to uphold hereby fuch a form of fuperiority among the minifters of the gofpel, fucceeding those in the law, as the Lord's-day did the fabbath. But certain if this method may be admitted of interpreting those prophetical paffages concerning chriftian times and a punctual correfpondence, it may with equal probability be urged upon us, that we are bound to obferve fome monthly folemnity answerable to the new moons, as well as the Lord's-day which we keep in lieu of the fabbath for in the 23d verse the prophet joins them in the fame manner together, as before he did the priests and levites, thus: " And it fhall come to pass that from one new moon to another, and from one fabbath to another, fhall all flesh come to worship before me, faith the Lord." Undoubtedly, with as good confequence may it be alleged from hence, that we are to folemnize fome religious monthly meeting different from the fabbath, as from the other any distinct formality of ecclefiaftical orders may be inferred. This rather will appear to be the lawful and unconstrained fenfe of the text, that God, in taking of them for priests and levites, will not esteem them unworthy, though gentiles, to undergo any function in the church, but will make of them a full and perfect ministry, as was that of the priests and levites in their kind. And bishop Andrews himself, to end the controverfy, fends us a candid expofition of this quoted verfe from the 24th page of his faid book, plainly deciding that God, by thofe legal names there of priefts and levites, means our prefbyters and deacons ; for which either ingenuous confeffion, or flip of his pen, we give him thanks, and withal to him that brought these treatises into one volume, who, fetting the contradictions of two learned men fo near together, did not forefee. What other deducements or analogies are cited out of St. Paul, to prove alikeness between the minifters of the Old and New Teftament, having tried their finews, I judge they may pass without harmdoing to our caufe. We may remember, then, that preVOL. I.

H

laty

laty neither hath nor can have foundation in the law, nor yet in the gofpel; which affertion, as being for the plainness thereof a matter of eyefight, rather than of difquifition, I voluntarily omit; not forgetting, to specify this note again, that the earnest defire which the prelates have to build their hierarchy upon the fandy bottom of the law, gives us to fee abundantly the little affurance, which they find to rear up their high roofs by the authority of the gofpel, repulfed as it were from the writings of the apoftles, and driven to take fanctuary among the jews. Hence that open confeffion of the primate before mentioned: "Episcopacy is fetched partly from the pattern of the Old Teftament, and partly from the New as an imitation of the Old ;' though nothing can be more rotten in divinity than such a pofition as this, and is all one as to fay, epifcopacy is partly of divine inftitution, and partly of man's own carving. For who gave the authority to fetch more from the pattern of the law, than what the apoftles had already fetched, if they fetched any thing at all, as hath been proved they did not? So was Jeroboam's epifcopacy partly from the pattern of the law, and partly from the pattern of his own carnality; a party-coloured and a party-membered epifcopacy: and what can this be lefs than a monftrous? Others therefore among the prelates, perhaps not fo well able to brook, or rather to justify this foul relapfing to the old law, have condescended at last to a plain confeffing, that both the names and offices of bishops and prefbyters at first were the fame, and in the fcriptures nowhere diftinguifhed. This grants the remonftrant in the fifth section of his defence, and in the preface to his last short answer. But what need respect be had whether he grant or grant it not, when as through all antiquity, and even in the loftieft times of prelaty, we find it granted? Jerome, the learnedeft of the fathers, hides not his opinion, that custom only, which the proverb calls a tyrant, was the maker of prelaty; before his audacious workmanship the churches were ruled in common by the prefbyters: and fuch a certain truth this was efteemed, that it became a decree among the papal canons compiled by Gratian. Anfelm alfo of Canterbury, who, to uphold the points of his prelatifin, made himself a

traitor