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INDEX TO VOLUME I.

A

ACT of the British Parliament to prohibit and restrain
American trade, 137.
Adams, Rutledge, and Franklin meet lord Howe, 137.
Albany, Franklin appointed commissioner to the In-
dians there, in 1754, 52-Plan of union of the colo-
nies prepared and presented there, 53.

Alexander, William, esq., Franklin's letter to, on the
origin of the stamp act, 78.

America asserts her right of exclusively taxing her-
self, 85-Gratitude of, 201.

American discontents, cause of, 197.

Americans abused in the house of lords, their courage,
religion, and understanding depreciated and treated
with contempt, 132.

Anecdotes of Bradford, 9, 10-of Ralph, 15-of governor
Clinton, 45-of Beatty, 60-of governor Denny, 63.
Arnold, general, his treacherous conduct, 157-How re-
warded by the British government, 157, 158.
Arrest, the ministry design to arrest Franklin, 105.
Articles of belief and acts of religion, 33.

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C

Calumnious speeches in the house of lords, against
America, 132.

Camden, lord, has interviews with him, 118-Supports
America, 121-Speaks admirably on American af
fairs, 132.

Canada, Franklin decides the policy of Chatham con-
cerning, 74-His pamphlet thereon, 75.
Caricature occasioned by the stamp act, 80.
Carlisle, Eden, and Johnstone, 146.

Causes of the American discontents, a pamphlet, 84.
Chancery, Franklin sued in, 92.

Charter, the first royal, granted to Pennsylvania, in
1681. 72.

Chatham, lord, consults Franklin, 74-Desires to see
him, 106-His motion relative to America, 121-Vi-
sits Franklin, 122-His plan for settling the disputes
with the colonies, 123-Rejection of the same, 125.
Clapham, colonel, 60.

Clarkson's life of Penn, refutation of censurers on
Franklin in, 73.

Clifton, John, first proposes the lighting of the streets
of Philadelphia, 50.

Coleman, William, character of, 25-Liberality to
Franklin, 26.

Collins, John, some account of, 9. 11. 13.

Collinson, publishes Franklin's "New Experiments in
Electricity," 62.

Commissioners in Europe, grant letters of marque, 145.
Common Sense, a political publication, 137.
Conductors, blunt opposed to pointed, 151-Epigram on,
151.

Congress, assembly of, 103-Their declaration of rights:
their petition to the king, 103. 113-Send their pro-
ceedings to lord Chatham, and present a second peti-
tion, 134-Declare the independence of the colonies,
137-Appoint deputation to meet lord Howe and
near his propositions of peace, 137-Resolution re-

specting general Sullivan, 140-Report of the com-
mittee appointed to confer with lord Howe, 140-As-
semble at Philadelphia, 141.

Cool Thoughts, a pamphlet by Franklin, 78.
Copely, sir Godfrey, his gold medal presented to Frank-
lin, 63.
Correspondence, social and familiar, of Dr. Franklin,
in a series of letters, 233-Private and political, be-
fore the declaration of independence, in a series of
letters, 303. 510.

Croghan, George, Indian interpreter, 57.
Cushing, Thomas, letters to, 103.

D

Dartmouth, lord, made secretary of state for America,
85-Friendly to Franklin, 86-His good wishes to-
wards the colonies, 95.

Daschkoff's, the princess, letter to Franklin, 189.
Delor introduces Franklin's electrical experiments into
France, 83.

Denham, Mr. an early friend of Franklin, 16-His death:
trait in his character, 20.

Denny, governor, succeeds Morris, 62-Presents a me.
dal to Franklin, 63-Refuses assent to an appropri
ation, 68.

De Romas, invention of the electrical kite, falsely at-
tributed to, 83.

D'Estaing arrives in America with six sail of frigates,

151.

Dickenson, John, engaged in public affairs, 77.
Dissensions between England and America, concern
ing the, 223.

Dubourg, mons., translates Franklin's philosophical
papers into French, 80.

E

Ecton, in Northamptonshire, birth-place of the ances-
tor of Franklin, 1.

Education of females, how important, 39-Publishes a
pamphlet on, 47.

Electrical discoveries, general account of Franklin's, 62.
Electricity, Franklin's experiments in, 48-Renewed,
62--Applied to various purposes by Franklin, 63.
Experiments on canals, and water, by Franklin, 80.
on the Gulf Stream, 133.

Fayette, a letter to, 157.

F

Fire Companies, first established by Franklin, 42.
Fire-place invented, an iron one, 17.
Folgers, ancestors of Franklin, 3.
Fothergill, doctor, character of. 51-Letters to Dr.
Franklin, 108-Meeting with him and Barclay, 128-
Another meeting, 131.

Franklin, the family of, 1-Benjamin Franklin born, 3
-Erects a monument to his father and mother, 4-
Is apprenticed to his brother, a printer. 5-Method
of teaching himself English composition, &-Proposal
made him for establishing a new religious sect, 14-
Pays his addresses to Miss Read, 15-Embarks for
London, 16-Writes a dissertation on Liberty and
Necessity, &c., 17-Becomes acquainted with Dr.
Pemberton, sir Hans Sloane, &c, 17-His moral and
religious principles, 23-Writes under the signature
of Busy-body, 25-Writes on the necessity of paper
money, 26-His marriage to Miss Read, 28--Projects
the first subscription library in Philadelphia, 32-
Publishes Poor Richard's Almanac, 3--Begins the
study of languages, 40-Appointed clerk of general
assembly, 41-Made post-master at Philadelphia, 41-
Founds the Union Fire Company, 42-Proposes esta-
blishing an academy and Philosophical Society at
Philadelphia, 44-Publishes Plain Truth, 44-Its ef
fect, 45-Invents an open stove, 47-Renews his
attempts to establish an academy at Philadelphia, 47
-Devotes his time to philosophical experiments, 48--
Is elected a member of assembly and justice of peace
48-Is appointed a commissioner to treat with the

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Indians, 49-Plan for cleaning the streets of Phila
delphia and paving the same, 50-His improvement
in street lamps, 51--Appointed post-master general,
52--Made M. A. of Cambridge and Yale Colleges, 52
-Plan for the union of the colonies, 52-His address
to the counties of Lancaster, &c., 55-Chosen colonel
of a volunteer regiment, 61-Philosophical reputation,
62-Chosen a member of the Royal Society of Lon-
don, and presented with the gold medal of sir Godfrey
Copely, 63-Embarks for England, 65-His connex-
ion with the London newspapers, 70–Dedication of
his "Historical Review," &c., 73-Is consulted by Mr.
Pitt, 75-Writes" England's Interest with respect to
the Colonies," 75-Visits Scotland, is made L. L. D.
at St. Andrews, 75-Receives the same honour from
Oxford, 75-Returns to Philadelphia, 76-Loses his
seat in the Pennsylvania assembly, 78-Reinstated,
and revisits Great Britain, 78-Visits Holland, Ger-
many, and Paris, 80-Introduced to Louis XV.: re-
peats his electrical experiments in his presence, and
by count de Buffon, &c., 80-Is dismissed from the
office of deputy post-master, 99-Correspondence with
dean Tucker, 100-Invents an emblematical sign, 103
-His acquaintance with Mrs. Howe, 107-Hints for
terms of union with Great Britain, 108-Letter to
lord Dartmouth, 127-Experiments on the ocean, 133
-Arrival in America, 134-Proposes the adoption of
paper money, 136-Sent on a mission to Canada, 136-
Writes to Holland for assistance, 136-Correspond-
ence with lord Howe, 137-Is appointed minister ple-
nipotentiary to the court of France, 142-Experi-
ments during the voyage, 143-Receives a present of
Cook's Voyages from the British government, 153–
Private Journal, 153-Requests leave to retire on ac-
count of age, 153-The congress refuse his resigna-
tion, 155-Account of Arnold's treachery in a letter
to general la Fayette, 157-Political information with
sir William Jones, 160-Negotiates for a peace at Pa.
ris, 164–Opens negotiation with the Swedish court,
167-Extracts from his private Journal, 169-Is nomi-
nated by the king of France to examine the proper
ties of animal magnetism, 173-Signs the treaty of
peace with Great Britain, 174-Leaves Passy on his
return home, 175-Arrives at Philadelphia, 177-Con-
gratulatory address on his arrival, 178-Chosen a
member of the council, 179-Queries and Remarks on
Constitution of government, 180-Speech on Sala-
ries, 181-Speech on Representation and Votes, 182-
Retires from public affairs, 185-Sketch of his ser
vices, 186-Writes against the slave trade, 187-Last
illness, death, and funeral, 190-Oration occasioned
by his death, 191-His character, 192-Extracts from
his will and codicil, 193-Epitaph written by himself,
196-Examined before the house of commons respect-
ing the Stamp Act, 203-Before the privy council, 217.
Franklin, William, (Dr. Franklin's son,) appointed go-
vernor of New Jersey, 75.

Franklin, W. Temple, baron de Staël's letter relative
to him, 167.

French, colonel, attention to Franklin, 11.

Hartley, David, esq., employed to negotiate with Frank.
lin, 167.
Hemphill, parson, first settles in Philadelphia, 39.
Henly and Nairne, verify Franklin's electric system,
| 150
Hereditary legislators and mathematicians, 123.
Hillsborough, lord, made secretary of state for America,
84-His resignation, 85.
Hints for negotiation, 108-Arguments on, 109.
on further propositions 127.
Historical Review, opinion of various writers on the, 63.
History, observations on reading, 37.
Holmes, Mr., brother-in-law to Franklin, 11.
Hostilities commence betwixt Great Britain and France,
147.

79.

House of Commons, Franklin's examination before the,
Howe, Mrs., conference with Franklin, 107-Letters to
Franklin, 119. 128. 131.
Howe, lord, courts an acquaintance with Franklin, 116
-Meets him by appointment, 128-Letter to Frank-
lin, 129-Another meeting, 131-Appointed to com-
mand the British fleet in North America, 137-Cor-
respondence with Franklin, 138.
Hutchinson, lieutenant-governor, disputes with, 86-
His letters, Franklin's account of, 88.
Hutton, Mr., the Moravian, account of, 152-Letter to,
Hyde, lord, his interview with Franklin, 128.

159.

I

Indian method of concealing fires, 60.
Ingenhausz's, Dr, detection of Wilson's deceptive ex
periments relative to Franklin's lightning conduct-
ors, and pretended improvements of his own, 150.
Innis, the messenger, some account of him, 65.
Intelligence from Pennsylvania, political papers, effect
of, 70.

J

James, Abel, letter to Franklin, requesting him to con-
tinue his memoirs, 29.
Jay, John, esq., sent minister to the court of Spain, 148
-Arrives at Paris to negotiate for peace, 164.
Jones, John Paul, pretended letter from him, 159.

sir William, account of an attempt to negotiate
for a peace with Franklin, 160-His supposed trans-
lation of “A Fragment of Polybius," 160-His senti
ments respecting America, 162.

Judges made independent in Massachusetts, 86.
Junto, account of a literary one formed by Franklin,
24-Its sphere enlarged, 40.

K

Keimer first employs Franklin as a printer, 11-Pro-
poses to Franklin to establish a new religious sect, 14
Quarrels with him and parts, 22.

Keith, sir William, proposes to establish Franklin as a
printer, 12-Practises the grossest fraud on Frank.
lin, 14.

French government first take interest in the dispute Kippis, Dr., a calumny of his respecting Franklin cor.
betwixt Great Britain and America, 84.

G

Galloway, Joseph, engaged in politics, 77-His speech
published with a preface by Franklin, 77.
Gates, general, defeats the British troops, 146.
Georgia, Massachusetts, and New Jersey appoint Frank-
lin agent in England, 80.
Gerard, monsieur, goes as envoy to America, 146.
Germany and Holland, Franklin travels into, 80.
Gnadenhutten, Franklin sent in military command to,
58-Indians burn that place, 58-Constructs military
works there 59-His military police, 60-Apopthegm
scour the anchor,-Grog before prayers, incentive to
piety, 60.
Godfrey, Thomas, inventor of Hadley's quadrant, 24.
Mrs., projects a marriage for Franklin, 27.
Government, Franklin's system of, eulogized by the
duke de la Rochefoucault, 184.

Grace's, Robert, liberality to Franklin, 26.
Guerchy, the French ambassador, attentive to Frank
lin, 84.

Gunpowder, as grain, comprehended with wheat, &c., 46.

H

rected, 151.

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Hall, Mr. David, a partner in business with Franklin, Mandeville's, Dr., friendship for Franklin, 18.
48.
Hamilton, Mr. Andrew, account of, 16. 27.

Harry, David, history of, 27.

Marbois, Barb, his secret letter on American affairs,
Note, 165

Massachusetts appoints Franklin agent in England, 80

-The colony of a sketch of the importance of. 86-
Their judges made independent, 86-Dispute with
governors Bernard and Hutchinson, St-Report of
their house of representatives on Hutchinson's let.
ters, 87.

Meeting-house, how to obtain a subscription for, 50
Meredith, enters into partnership with Franklin, 23.
Method, importance of, 36.

Meyrick, an army agent, his letters to general Arnold,
154-an account of the 50007. paid him for his trea-
chery, 155.

Mickle, anecdote of Mr Samuel, 24.

Military spirit excited by Franklin, 44.

Militia, writes in favour of, 59-His magnanimity on
the occasion, 45.

Militia Bills, governor refuses to ratify, 77.

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Mirabeau, proposes to the national assembly of France Purchase of Dr Franklin's writings by British minis.

a public mourning for Franklin, 191.

Moravians, account of the, 59-61.

Morris, James, anecdote of, 54-Returns from Eng-
land, 62.

N

Neate, Mr. W., letter to Franklin, 115.

New England Courant begun by the Franklins, 8.
New Jersey, William Franklin, the doctor's son, ap-
pointed governor of, 75-Appoints Franklin agent in
England. 80.

Newspaper, mode of conducting, 39-Newspapers, Eng-
lish, he writes in, 71-Effects of, 71.
Noailles, marquis, quits London, 146.

Nollet, the abbe, opposes Franklin's system of electri-|
city, 62-Claims the discovery of the theory of light-
ning, 63.

North's, lord, motion in the house of commons re-
specting America, 129.

Notes, for discourse with lord Chatham, 122

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ter confuted, iv. vi.

Public affairs, Franklin first turns attention to, 41.

Q

Quakers' meeting, the first house Franklin entered at
Philadelphia after his arrival, 10-Anecdote of the,
45-Take an active part in opposing the rioters de
nominated Paxton Boys, 76.

R

Ralph, the historian, curious anecdote of, 13-Becomes
a schoolmaster, 18-obtains a pension for political
writing, 64.

Read, Mr., father of Franklin's wife, 11.
Religion, a new one proposed to be established, 11.
Religious creed of Franklin, 29.

Remarks, on propositions for reconciliation, 127.
Remonstrance, drawn up against the selfishness of pro-
prietary, 69.

Richard's, poor, almanac, 38.

Richmann, professor, introduces Franklin's electrical
discoveries into Russia, 83.

Right of British parliament to tax America, 85.

Onslow, Arthur, esq., Franklin's Historical Review de Rights, privileges, &c., to America, equal communica-
dicated to him, 71.

Orme, captain, anecdote of, 57.

Oswald, Mr, is succeeded by David Hartley, esq., as
minister from Great Britain, 163.

Oxford University confers the degree of L. L. D. on
Franklin. 75,

P

Paine's pamphlet, "Common Sense," effects of, in
America, 137.

Paper currency proposed by, 27-Legal tender opposed,

68.

Parliament, British, arguments against its right to tax
the American colonies 85.

Partnership, advice in, 44.

Parton murders, account of, 76.

tion of, by Great Britain, 202.

Roy, Mons. Le, refutes the abbé Nollet, 62.

Royal Society of London, Franklin chosen a member
thereof, 63.

Rules for reducing a great empire to a small one, 227.
Rum. Indian orator's apology for drinking, 49.
Rutledge, Franklin, and Adams, meet lord Howe, 137.
S

Salaries, Franklin's speech thereon, 177.
Sandwich, lord, attributes lord Chatham's motion to
Franklin, 123.

Scotland, Franklin visits, 75.

Shelburn, American business taken from lord, 84.
Shirley, general, anecdote of, 66.
Slave Trade, 187.

Peace with Great Britain, Journal of negotiation for, Sloane's, sir Hans, visit to Franklin, 17.
in a series of letters, 476.

Pemberton, Dr., an early friend of Franklin, 17.
Penn, William, anecdote of, 46-Exacts quit rents, 46
-Character of, 74-Attaches himself to James the
Second, 74-Deprived of his authority in Pennsylva
nia, 74-Is reinstated, 74.

Pennsylvania, state of the province of, in 1757, 68-First
royal charter granted to the colony, 72-First cause
of dispute with the colony of, 76-Petition from, to
the king, 77.

Petition of W. Bollan, B. Franklin, and Arthur Lee,
126.

Petition to the king from congress, in 1774, 103. 112—
The last to the king, 134.

Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, proposed by
Franklin, 44.

Piquet, M. La Mothe, captures twenty-two sail of Bri-
tish merchant vessels, 155.

Pitt, Wm., earl of Chatham, consults Franklin re-
specting Canada, 74.

Plain Truth published, 44.

Plan of Union at Albany, 1754, 52-Adopted by assem-
bly, rejected by the British government, 54.

Plan of permanent union, 125.

Smith, Dr., pronounces a funeral oration for Franklin,

150.

Spangenberg, bishop, some account of, 59.
Species, the animosity of the English lords leads them
to say Americans are of different species from Eng.
lishmen, 132.

Spotswood, colonel, governor of Virginia, 41.
Stail, the Baron de letter on the peace with Sweden
and requesting Mr. Temple Franklin to be employed
at the Swedish court, 163.

Stamp Act, origin of, 78-Caricature occasioned there.
by, 80-Disturbance in America, occasioned by pass
ing the, 80-First objects of, 102-Its repeal, 104.
Stanhope, lord, Franklin writes to, 121.
Strahan, king's printer, fac simile of a letter tc, 136.
Swimming, great fault in the art of, 20.

T

Tea tax, of the, 223.
Temperance, importance of, 36.

Temple, Mr. John, his duel with Mr. Whately 88.
Tennent, Rev. Gilbert, account of, 50.

Thomson, Charles, secretary to first congress, 1774, 104.
Treaty of alliance between France and America, 146.

Polybius, supposed translation of a Fragment of, by sir Tucker, dean, controversy with Franklin, 101-Reflec

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Watson, Dr., draws up an account of Franklin's dis
coveries, which is read before the Royal Society of
London, 63.

Webb, George, anecdote of, 22-Another, 25.
Wedderburn, (afterwards lord Loughborough) his abuse
of Franklin before the privy council, 87.
Whately's duel with Mr. Temple of Boston, 96-Their
dispute stated, 96.

Whitfield, Rev. George, arrives at Philadelphia, 42--De-
parts for Georgia, builds an orphan house there, 43-
His character vindicated, 43-Traits of character, 44.
Wilson's, Mr., objections to Franklin's lightning con-
ductors, 149-His objections overthrown by Messrs.
Henley and Nairne, 149.

Woolaston's religion of nature, writes a dissertation
on, 17.

Wright, Dr., introduces Franklin's discoveries in phi-
losophy to the Royal Society of London, 63.
Wyndham, sir William, is introduced to, 20.

Y

Yale college, confers degree of M. A., 52.

A POSTLIMINIOUS PREFACE.

THIS edition of the Memoirs and Writings of Dr. Franklin appears under circumstances favourable to a more general distribution in society than any former edition. Its bulk is reduced to two volumes, the price to that of two volumes of the latest preceding edition of 1818; and the additional matter is augmented equal to the contents of a volume more than was contained in that edition.

In the arrangement of the subjects, this varies a little from any of the former editions, and it becomes requisite to explain the present distribution.

Something appears to be necessary, also, in elucidation of other circumstances which appertain to the writings-to the history of the author-and to the matter now added, as well as to some part of the Memoirs, which it is now too evident have been withheld or suppressed. In proportion as those who were his contemporaries retire, the interests and the enmities signally which characterized his career, lose something of their freshness and their asperity. The world generally has assumed new aspects; but, above all, this new world, in whose political creation the author had so large, so early, so long, and so successful a share. He had frequently expressed a wish, that it were possible for him to revisit this life at the end of a century; but were that possible, the world he so effectually aided in creating, would already far exceed in its success the most sanguine calculations of his proverbial sagacity. The editor of the edition published in London, in 1779, in his preface said "The times appear not ripe enough for the editor to give expression to the affection, gratitude, and veneration he bears to a writer whom he has so intimately studied: nor is it wanting, as history lies in wait for him, and the judgment of mankind already balances in his favour. Yet he may be excused for stating one opinion; he conceives no man ever made larger or bolder guesses than Dr. Franklin, from the like materials, in politics and philosophy, which, after the scrutiny of events, and the zeal of open hostility, have been more completely verified."

Though the period at which this edition appears approaches to nearly half a century since his demise, the sentiment of the London editor as to the ripeness of public affection, gratitude, and veneration, is not even yet entirely complete. The jealousies of rivals and competitors have ceased; the animosity of partisans of different descriptions has abated; the principles of policy and philosophy which he taught pervade the civilized world; in the minds of those who are interested in human subjection and ignorance, his views and efforts to promote human happiness, and in America particularly, as leading to that universality, was his sinand the enmities so founded survived him many years, and have descended along with prejudices engendered in political and unsocial causes, which the prosperity and success of free governments have not yet entirely neutralized.

History, in its strictest sense, has not yet done justice to Franklin. The editions of his writings which have been hitherto appeared, were not published for his own benefit; several appeared without his privity or consent; and this fact, though at the present time of light moment, has been the source of many misrepresentations and mistakes, and furnished, with other incentives, food for various manifesta

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