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ENGLYNION, or WELSH STANZAS, SONNETS, &c.

An EPITAPH, on LORD HERBERT of Cherbury*;

Written by himself. Ob. 1648.

The monument which thou beholdest here,
Present Edward, Lord Herbert to thy fight;
A man who was fo free from either hope or fear,
To have, or lose this ordinary light,
That when to elements his body turned were,
He knew that as those elements would fight,
To his immortal foul fhould find above,
With his Creator, peace, joy, truth, and love!"

He was one of the most accomplished Noblemen of his time; both a fcholar, a poet, a musician, a ftateman, and a true knight of chivalry: he alfo wrote his own life, when he was paft fixty; which was afterwards published from his manufcript, by the late Lord Orford.

Craig y Deryn, near Towyn Meirionydd,

Is one of the mott beautiful and ftriking features of the rocky mountains of Wales; and is called Craig y Deryn, or the Rock of Birds, on account of the immense number of cormorants, rock-pigeons, crows. hawks, and other fmaller birds, which inhabit and breed in that rock. The late Rev. Evan Evans has defcribed it very elegantly, as well as the melody of its birds, in the following Englynion, about A. D. 1773.

1. Brynn yr Aderyn ar diroedd, uchel

Lachav man dan 'Nevoedd;

Caer* gynt yn y creigiau oedd,

I vilwyr mewn rhyveloedd.

2. Maen' weithian yma'n nythu, mân Adar

3.

Mwyn ydynt yn canu;

Glywir lais y claiar lû,

Yn diddan gyhydeddu.

Mae'r Vrán, a'r Aran, ar Oror, y graig

Yn groyw yn eu tymmor ;

Unan' yn y gân in' gór,
Peraidd yw llais pob púror.

4. Hedyddion mwynion uwch mynydd, feiniant
Yn gyffonawl beunydd ;
Wi! o'r fain goelvain gelvydd,
Mwyn yw y don ym min dydd.
mín

5. Clywch ddethel firiol vefurau, mwyn ydynt
Man Adar y Creigiau;

Eu bacan ury ảu cân rau,
Pencerdd nis gwyr eu pynciau.

6. Miwfig fydd ddiddig i ddyn, naturiol
Yw Cantorion Telyn;
Melyfach, rhwyddach er hyn,

Yw d'araith Graig Aderyn !

A description of a celebrated Oak-Tree, 180 feet in length, which grew at Ganllwyd, near Dolgelleu, in Meirionethfhire.

Derwen velen-wen vlaenwych, Gumpaffog

Gampufol i'w hedrych;
Coeden rwyddwen ireiddwych,
Vawr rywiog-wêdd, vrigog-wych.
Brenhinhren brith-len y berth-lwyd, Méfbren
Dewis-braff i'th roddwyd;
Union tw' gwych pren teg wyd,
Tri gain-llath, tŵr y Ganllwyd.
Pennill on the fame.
Brenhinbren y Ganllwyd,
Oedd dirion a dorwyd,
Mewn bariaeth ve 'i bwriwyd,
O'r aelwyd lle 'r oedd;

Ve dyvodd yn gadpen
(Ni vifiodd un vesen)

Ar goedydd Glyn Eden,
Glán ydoedd.

Specimens of Englynion in Latin.

Englinici, feu Rythmi, Brittanico more concatenati.
Vellem a carne vili, qua premor

Cum primis diffolvi,

Cupio a te capi

Salvator amator mi.

Edm Prifeus, Archidi, Meirion.

Pallium non dedi puellæ (ut dicis,)

Non decit amare; Senex fum fare, ego

Tardus et rarus in ré.

Gardd lås, gardd ddulas, gwyrdd ddeiliog; Glafurig
Eglwyforon dra'wreiddiog;

Gwyrdd goed enw, gardd gadwynog,

Gloyw is y glynn, glás ei glóg. Difgy bl W. Penllyn.

Englyn i faith weithred Trugaredd.

Dôd Vryd, a Dîod par Dŷ—a Dillad,

Diwalla 'r Carchardy;
Gwilla 'r Cláv yn y gwely,

I'r Marw par gael daear dy.

Yn Ffrainc y mae gwîn yn ffraeth; yn Llundain,
Mae llawnder cynnaliaeth ;

In Holand 'menyn helaeth ;

r' Nghymru, Llymru a Llaeth †. Hugh Llwyd Cynvail.

and

you

muft

Upon Bryny Penmaen, clofe by Llanvihangel y Pennant, in the hundred of rum-aner, formerly ftood Caftell Trév Seri. + The origin of this Englyn is too curious to pafs over. Hugh Llwyd Cynvael was an excellent poet, and lived at Cynvael, in Ardudwy, Meirionethfhire, about the year 1620. When a young man, he made a ftone bench to put at his door; his fifter. in-law, (or wife's fifter) was the first that fat on it. Molly, faid he, you have had the maidenhead of this bench, pay me three kiffes for it. The demand was fatisfied. Some time after, his wife died, whereon he went to London; leaving his fifter-in-law, now married, and her husband, in poffeffion of the houfe. He entered into the army of Oliver Cromwell, wherein he had a commiffion; and was in the army of General Monk, at the restoration of K. Charles II. After having been from home a great many years, and grown old, he returned to his native country; and, going to his own houfe, on a fine fummer's evening, he faw his fifter-in-law, her husband, and children (all grown up,) fitting on the ftone-bench, eating flummery and Milk, (Wallice, Llymru a llaeth); he asked them in English if they would lodge him that night? but none of them knew a word of English; they, however, conjecturing what he wanted, fhewed him a bed, the best in the house, and asked him to partake of their fare; which he did; and, being fatisfied, he in Welsh recited the above Englyn. What, then you are a Welshman, my friend? exclaimed his fifter-in law. Yes, faid he, I am; it is many years fince I had three kiffes from the lady who first fat on this beuch? This made him known, and all was joy. He then took out of his pocket a large purfe full of gold, and gave it to his fifter-in-law; here, faid he, take this, as a reward for your hofpitality to the old English ftranger, who is now more than fourfcore years of age; he requires no more for it, than a bed every night, and flammery and milk every day, whilft he lives.

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1. Let us now praise famous men, and our fathers that begat us:

2. The Lord hath wrought great glory by them, through his great power from the beginning.

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3. Such as did bear rule in their kingdoms, men renowned for their power, giving counfel by their understanding, and declaring prophecies.

4. Leaders of the people by their counfels, and by their knowledge of learning, meet for the people, wife and eloquent in their inftructions.

5. uch as found out mufical tunes, and recited verfes in writing.

7. All these were honoured in their generations, and were the glory of their times.-Ecclefiaflicus; Chap. XLIV.

"For thee my tuneful accents will I raise,

"And treat of arts disclos'd in ancient day's ;

"Once more unlock for thee the facred spring."

I HAVE here selected fome documents which tend farther to elucidate the occupation of the bards, and musicians, their privileges, maxims, and adages; which are extracted from the old Welsh laws *, from the Ancient British Triads of the island of Britain, and from other mänufcript Triads.

*Te Druids an! Bards were fuppofed to be the first framers of Laws in Britain. The firft written laws are faid to be thofe of Dyvnwal Moelmud, king of Britain, about 440 years before Chrift, (called the Moelmutian laws.) After that, the laws of Martia, queen of Britain, (or the Mercian law), which were afterwards tranflated into Saxon by king Alfred. Then the laws of king Howel, about A. D. 940, which contain moft of the former laws of Britain, and are tranflated by Dr. Wotton, aud Mofes Williams, and called Cyvreithieu Howel Dda, ac Eraill; the laws of king Howel the good, and others; or, Leges Wallicae. And from thofe laws many of these Triads are extracted. See alfo Origines Juridiciales, by Dugdale, p, 54. And Silas Taylor, on Gravel-kind,

Tri anhepgor Brenhin ynt :

Ei Offeiriad wrth vendigo ei vwyd a chanu offeren:
A'i Yngnad llys wrth ddosbarth pethau pedrus :
A'i Deulu wrth ei anghenau. Leges Wallicae, p. 310.

Tri anhepgor Gwrda, (alias) Breyr :

The three indifpenfibles of a King:

His Chaplain to fay grace at meat, and to chant prayers:
The Judge of the court to investigate dubious things:
And his family ready to attend his neceffities.-

The three things indifpenfible for a Gentleman,

or a Baron:

Ei Delyn, A'i Vryccan, A'i Dawlbwrdd. L. Walli p. 301. His Harp, his Cloak, and his chefs-board.

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Men who became freemen from flaves, when they were of the three following profeffions :

A learned Scholar in languages, a Bard, and a
Smith.

The three Arts which the son of a Tenant ought not to follow, without the confent of his Lord. Literature, Bardism, and a Smith's trade: for if a Lord suffered it until the scholar was polled, or until the Bard compofed a Song, or until the Smith fat up a Smithy, they could not be deprived of their freedom

afterwards.

The three men who were Magicians, and Enchanters of the Ifle of Britain:

Menyu mâb Teirgwaedd, Eiddilig Còr, a Máth mab Menyw, the fon of Teirgwaedd, Eiddilig the dwarf, Mathonwy.

Trioedd Ynys Prydain 31.

Tri priv Húd Ynys Prydain.

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and Mâth, the son of Mathonwy.

The three chief Magicians of the Isle of Britain The Magician of Mâth, the son of Mathonwy, who taught Gwydion, the son of Dôn; the Magician of Uthyr Bendragon t, who taught Menyw, the son of Teirgwaedd; and the third was the Magician of Rhuddlwm Gawr, who taught Coll, the fon of Collvrewi §.

+ This was myrddin Emrys. + Gwythelin Gòr, A. D. 460. § Bleiddyd ab Rhûn, or Bladud, the fon of Rhùn, king of Britain, about anno mundi 3085, is faid to have been a famous magician; in fome manufcripts he is called Bleddyn Cloth, (Bleddyn the magician): Leland fays, his great knowledge of natural philofophy got him that name among the vulgar. He built Caer-Badon, or Bath, and is faid to be the founder of the hotbaths. Stow fays, Bleiddyd, or Bladud, erected an univerfity at Stamford, which continued till St. Auftin's time; and that he was the first who taught necromancy in Britain.-Bruty Brenhinoedd, by Tyfilio; and Lewis's Ancient Hiftory of Britain, p. 34. Camden calls him Bleddyn Ddoeth, or Bleiddyn the footh-fayer; and fays, Pliny affures us, that this art magic was in fuch won derful esteem among the Britons, that even the Perfians feemed to have hence derived it from them. Pliny, Lib. III. cap. r. 6 Tr

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Cafwallon, or Caffibelan, in a pitched battle gave Cæfar a complete overthrow, in which Cæfar made a speedy retreat, and embarked in his shattered fleet about midnight for the Continent, leaving all his baggage behind him. Lucan fays, "Territa quefitis oftendit terga Britannis;" i. e. He fought the Britons out, and then he fled. And Propertius fays, " Te manet invidus Romano marte Britannus ;" i. e. By Roman force unconquered yet. See an account of the Banquet in page 6, note 5. Harleian Library No. 6067, pp. 7, 9, aud 22. Drych y Priv Ofoedd. Dio Caffius, cit a C. p. xliii. And Sammes Britannia, p. 193Julius Cæfar was very fond of jewels, and all forts of curious toys, which he frequently gave to his favourite ladies. Pearls were then the great mode, and there was a fishery of them in Britain; partly on which account he is faid to have vifited this ifland. He made a prefent of one of them to his beloved Servilia, valued at no lefs than £. 50,000. Blackwell's Memoirs of the Court of Auguflus, Vol III. p. 270.

**Emrys Wledig, or Aurelius Ambrofius, a warlike monarch over all Britain, about A. D. 487. After his conquest of Hengift, and other Saxon chiefs, he fummoned all the nobility and clergy of Britain to Mount-Ambri, in Wiltshire, to celebrate a grand feaft of Pentecoft, the folemnity whereof he continued the three following days. Gildas C. 26. Tyffilio's Hiftory of British Kings, B. 8. C. 12. Bede, L. 1. c. 16. And Lewis's Hifl. of Brit. p. 169.

tt Ar bur, fon of Uthyr Pendragon, after he overcame the Saxons in 12 battles, was made chief fovereign over all Britain, and Ireland. He took Norway, and placed Lot, or Lotkus, on the throne; he then fet fail for Gaul, to affift his nephew Howel against Frollo, whom he flew in fingle combat, after that took the city of Paris. When Arthur returned to Britain, he inftituted The Order of Knights of the Round Table; and further, to celebrate his victories, he gave a magnificent Pentecoft fealt to all the nobles of Britain, and thofe of other countries where he had conquered; which was held at Caer Lleon, on the river Ufk, in Monmouthshire, about the year 530. See more in page 37; and in the 2nd Volume of this Work, page 20, to 26. Bruty Brenhinoedd. Enderbie's Hift. of Wales, p. 195. Lewis's Hift. of Britain, p. 186. And Mundy's Chronicle.

Tair priv Lys Arthur:

Caer-lleon ar Wyfg, y Nghymru ;

Celliwig, yn Nyvnaint, neu y Nghernyw`;

A Phenrhyn Rhionedd, yn y Gogledd. Trioedd 57.

Tri Dŷn a gyvannedda llys:

Bardd Caw, Bardd Tant, a Bardd Cruth.

The three chief palaces of King Arthur:
Caerlleon, on the river Ufk, in South Wales;
Celliwig, in Devonshire, (or Cornwal);

And Penrhyn Rhionedd, in the North.

There are three privileged perfons who frequent palaces:

The genealogical Bard; the Bard of the Harp; and the Bard of the Crwth.

Tair Cerdd raddol y fydd : Prydydd, Telynwr, a Chrythor. Tair uuben gerdd y fydd :

Prydu, Canu Telyn, a dywedyd Cyvarwyddyd.

Tri chyffredin byd:

Gwraig, a Chlawr-tawlbwrdd, a Thelyn.

Tri Chiv Beirdd Ynys Prydain:

Cov Clyw, cov Cán, a chov Coelbren.

Dég tri Arbennig:

Dég prenau Paradwys;

Dég tant Telyn Davydd Brophwyd;

A Dég gair Deddv.

Tri pheth gweddus i wr eu bod yn ei Dy:

Ei Wraig yn ddiwair;

Ei Gluftog yn ei gadair;

Ai Delyn yn gywair.

Tri pheth y fydd ddawnus i Ddýn:

Meddwl yn dda, a dywedyd yn dda, a gwneuthur yn ddå.

Tri pheth a ddylai dyn ystyried:

O bá lé y daeth; yn mhá le y mae ; ac i bá le yr á.

Tair bendith ni adânt ddŷn mewn newyn a noethni: Bendith ei Beriglor; Bendith Cerddor o lin Cerdd; a Bendith ei Arglwydd priodawr.

Tri pheth y ddylai pawb ddiolch am dano:

Gwahodd, Rhybydd, ac Annerch.

Tri châs beth Doethion Rhuvain:

There are three Graduated Songsters, or Musicians: A Poet, a Harpift, and a Crwthift.

There are three Primaries of Song:

To compose Verses, to perform on the Harp, and to recite History.

The three univerfalities of the world:

A Wife, Chefs-board, and a Harp.

The theee Memorials of the Bards of the Island of Britain Memorials of Tradition, memorials of Song, and memorials of Letters.

The three primary Triads of Tens:

The Ten Trees of Paradise, (or Eden);

The Ten Strings of David's Harp;

And the Ten Commandments.

Three things proper for a man to have in his house: A virtuous Wife;

His cushion in his Chair;

And his Harp in Tune.

Three things commendable in a man: To think well, to fpeak well, and to act well.

Three things a man ought to confider: Whence he came; where he is; and where he is to go.

Three things that will fecure a man from hunger and nakedness: The bleffing of his Paftor; the blessing of a Bard lineally defcended of Songsters; and the bleffing of his Lord proprietor.

Three things for which every one ought to be thankful: Invitation, Warning, and Compliment. The three hateful things of the wife men of Rome;

Milgi hwyr; a Bardd annigriv; a Gwraig hagr A flow Greyhound; a Bard without pleasantry: ddrwg.

Tri Chadarn Byd:

Arglwydd, a Drúd, a Diddym.

Tair Sail Doethineb :

> and an ugly wicked Wife.-

The three Mighties of the world:

A Lord, a valiant Hero, and Nonentity, (or Vacuum).

The three Foundations of Wisdom:

Ieuenctid i ddyfgu ; Cóv i gadw'r addyfg; a Synhwy- Youth to learn; Memory to retain instruction; and

roedd i ddatgan y dyfg.

Triphriv anhepgor Awen:

Llygad yn gweled anian; Calon yn teimlaw anian; a glewder à vaidd gydvyned ag anian.

Tair dyledfwydd Bardd :

Iawn ganu, iawn ddyfgu, ac iawn varnu.

Tair rhagorgamp ar Gerddawr:

Cyvlawn ddynodiant ar bôb peth; cyvlwyr vanegiant;

a chyvlwys ganiadaeth.

Tri dyledogrwydd Cerddawr:

Abilities to illustrate it.

The three primary requifites of Genius:

An Eye that can fee Nature; a Heart that can feel Nature; and boldnefs that dares follow it *.

The three duties of a Bard:

Just composition, just knowledge, and just criticism. The three honours of a Mufician :

Strength of imagination; profundity of learning; and purity of morals. ——

The three excellencies of a Minftrel:

Grymufder athrylith; cyvlawnder dyfg; a glendid Profound discrimination of all things; complete il

ei gampau.

luftration; and luminous compofition.

* Poetic Triads, in a Differtation on Bardifm, p. lxv. of the Preface, to the Heroic Elegies of Llywarch Hên, by Mr. W. Owen. Y Tri

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Tri diben Cerdd:

BARDIC TRIADS, AND MAXIMS.

Gwellau'r deall; gwellâu'r galon;

a diddanu'r meddwl.

Tri pheth a bair caffâu Cerddawr:
Cybyddiaeth, Dyvrllydrwydd, a goganu dynnion dâ.
Y pethau hyn à ddyly Cerddor eu gochel:
Llynna, Putteinia, a Chlerwriaeth.

Tri anhepgor gwr-wrth gerdd:

Llaw, a Throed, a Chluft,

Tair dryfogaeth Serchog :
Digrivwch, Haelioni, a Syberwyd.
Tair ymlidiad Serch:
Cowydd, Englyn, a Llatai.

Tri llavarwch Serchog :
Havddydd; Cóg; a Llatai.

Tri chyvodiad ferch: Annerch, Caru, a Chufan.

Tri o wyr y cyngan ferch arnynt :

Gür digriv diwladaidd; Gwr hael dewr ; a Gwr bonheddig tég.

Tri Bardd Caw y fydd :

Priv.vardd; Pof-vardd; ac Arwydd-vardd.

The three intentions of Song:

To improve the Understanding; to correct the
Heart; and to foothe the Mind.

Three things that will cause a Mufician to be hated:
Covetousness, Sottishness, and to Slander good men.
These things a Musician ought to refrain from:
Drinking, Fornication, and Strolling.

The three indifpenfibles for an inftrumental Mufician-A Hand, a Foot, and an Ear.

The three conductors to Love:
Mirth, Liberality, and Elegance.

The three procurers of Love:

A Poem, a Song, and a Confidant.

The Lover's three incitements to Eloquence: A Summer's day; the Cuckoo's note; and a Mef fenger with Love-gifts.

The three exciters to Love:

A Prefent, a Courtship, and a Kifs.

The three perfons who fhall profper in Love: A merry man, void of ill manners; a Gallant liberal man; and a Handsome man of noble birth.

There were three enfign Bards, or Bards of the bandage :-The primitive, or chief Bard; the lyric, or modern Bard; and the heraldic Bard *.

* The fupreme Bard, and herald Bard are extinct; the harp Bard, and Poetic Bard are thofe that remain. See p. 33, 34.

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Clodvori, Digrivhau, a Gwrthwynebu gogangerdd To celebrate, to delight, and to overcome the fatire

Clerwr.

Tair priv vefur prydyddiaeth: fev, Englyn; Cowydd; ac Awdyl.

Tair Enaid Cerdd Davawd fydd : Synwyr; Mefur; a Chynghánedd.

Tri pheth à berthyn ar vefuro: Ymddangos yn eglur; Cadw rheol Athrawon ; a bod yn warrant i'r Disgyblion.

Tri braint y fydd i bennill o Gowydd: Penceirddiaidd; Ddyfgyblaidd; ac ifelrádd, neu dinceirddiaidd.

Tri pheth fydd gymhwys i gynghorwr :
Gelwyddyd; Dwyn ewyllys da; a Rhyddid ymadrodd

of the itinerant rhapfodifts.

The three principal kinds of Welsh Metres :
Unirythm, or close Metre; Parallel Metre; and the
Ode, or Lyric.-- See page 30, 53: and p. 8, of the 2d Vol.
The three Effences of vocal Song:
Sense; Metre; Alliteration and confonancy.

Three things belonging to Compofition:
Clearness of style; adherence to the rules of the
Doctors of the Art; and to be a true standard for the
Disciples.

There are three gradations in poetical Compofitions:
That of the head Bard, or Master: that of the
Disciple; and that of the lowest order, or Poetafter.
Three things proper for a Counsellor :
earning; bearing good will; and fluency of speech

Llymma

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