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victorious help: Aelwold, an auxiliary goverhour; Aelfgiva, a giver of aid or affiftance.

AEL'LO ('Aλo, Gr.awhirlwind or storm) one of the harpies or monstrous birds, mentioned by the poets. L.

EINGMATICAL (Amy Marixòc, Gr.). pertaining to riddles, &c.

ÆO'LII SCLOPE, a wind-mufket,which will shoot bullets with wind and air, as forcibly as with powder.

'ON ('Av, Gr. age) the duration of a thing.

EQUILIBRIUM (inMechanicks) is when equal weights at equal distances, or unequal weights at unequal distances, mutually proportionable to the center, caufe the arms of any ballance to hang even, fo that they do not outweigh one another; even weight and poize.

ÆQUIPONDERANT ( æquiponderans, L.) weighing equally; being of an equal weight.

'RA is faid originally to have fignified a number stamped on money, to denote the current value of it; and if fo, it may come from Es, brafs, from which plural ra, came the feminine fingular, Era; and that because they put the word Era to each particular of an account, as we now do Item, or elfe; because the Romans anciently marked down the number of years in tables with little brafs nails; and fo in reference to the last mentioned cuftom, the word ra came to fignify the fame with Epocha, viz. a certain time or date from whence to begin the new year; or fome particular way of reckoning time and years.

And in this fenfe the word is thought to be compofed of these initial letters A. E. R. A. for Annus erat regni Augufti, the Spaniards having began their Ara from his reig. There are many ra's ufed by chronologers, the moft eminent of which are,

The Era of the creation of the world, which began, according to the Julian account, on the twenty-fourth day of the month of Oftober, which fome place 3951 years before the birth of Chrift; others reckon 3983, and Keplar 3993.

The Chriftian Era, from the birth of Chrift, begins December 25.

The Roman Ara, from the building of the city of Rome, begins April 21, and is 752 years before Chrift's time.

The Turkif Era or Hegira, which they account from Mahomet's flight, begins the 16th of July, A. D. 622.

The Era of the Olympiads begins from the new moon in the fummer folftice 770 years before the birth of Chrift. This Era and that of Iphitus is chiefly used by Greck

hiftorians.

AERIAL Perfpective, is that which prefents bodies weakened and diminished proportion to their distance from the eye.

AERIZU'SA (Ang Rouge, Gr.) a jasper ftone, refembling the air or fky in colour.

ÆSTIVAL, belonging to fummer-time. ÆSTIVATION, a dwelling or refidence in a place for the fummer-time.

'TAS, age; hence anno ætatis fuæ, under the effigies of perfons, fignifies in the year of their age, L.

,אדי

ÆTHEL (ÆEdel, Sax.) noble or famous, as Ethelred's famous counsel, &c. ÆTHER ('Aidip, of all Jiw, I run always, or of aide.v, thining bright, or of t Ser, always warming, Gr. or of Heb. illuftrious) is most commonly used to fignify a very fine, thin, diaphanous fluid, which, as fome fuppofe, furrounds the earth, up to as far as the interftellary world, and which easily penetrates and runs through all things, and permits all things to run as eafily through it.

Dr. Hock calls that medium or fluid body, in which all other bodies do, as it were, swim and move, Ether. But this fome difapprove of, as favouring too much the Cartefian Doctrine of an abíolute Plenum, which has been proved an impoffibility, by many infallible reafons and experiments. Therefore as we call the Medium, in which we breathe and live, the Air, by which we mean an claftic, fluid body, which either has very large interftices devoid of all matter, or elie is in part fill'd with a fluid, very easily moving out of them by compreffion, and returning as readily into them again, when that compreflion is taken off; fo we alfo do agree to call that finer fluid Ether (if it be a body) which is extended round our air and atmosphere, above it and beyond it, up to the planets, or to an indefinite diftance, tho' we fcarce well underftand what we mean by the word Etber.

ÆTHE REAL World, all that space above the upper element, viz. Fire, which the ancients imagined to be perfectly homogeneous, incorruptib e, unchangeable, &c.

ETHEREAL Oil (Chymistry) a fine fubtle oil, approaching nearly to the nature of a fpirit.

EVITER'NI (among the Romans) certain deities, fo called becaufe they remained to perpetuity, to whom they always offered red oxen in facrifice.

AFFABLENESS (affabilitas, L.) eafinefs to be fpoken to, or of addrefs, gentleness, courteous or kind behaviour.

AFFECT (from the verb, affet) 1. Attention; paffion; fenfation. 2. Quality; circumitance.

To AFFECT (affecter, F. afficio, affectum, L.) 1. To act upon; to produce effects in any other thing. 2. To move the paflions. 3. To aim at ; to endeavour after: fpoken of perfons. 4. To tend to; to endeavour after: fpoken of things. 5. To be fond of; to be re-pleafed with; to love; to regard with fondnets. in 6. To make a fhew of fomething; to fludy the appearance of any thing; with fome de

gree

gree of hypocrify. 7. To imitate in an unnatural and constrained manner. 8. To convift of fome crime; to attaint with guilt: a phrafe merely juridical.

AFFECTATION (affectatio, L.) the act of making an artificial appearance.

AFFECTED Participial (from affect) 1. Moved; touched with affection; internally

dipofed or inclined. 2. Studied with over. math care, or with hypocritical appearance. 3. In a perfonal fenfe, full of affectation; as, en afected lady.

AFFECTEDLY (from affected) in an affed manner; hypocritically; with more appearance than reality.

AFFECTEDNESS (from affected) the quality of being affected; or making falfe appearances.

AFFECTION (from affection, F. Affectio, Lt.) 1. The state of being affected by any caufe, or agent. 2. Paffion of any kind. 3. Love; kindness; good-will to fome perfon; often with ro, or towards, before the perfon; 4. Good-will to any object, zeal; paflionate regard. 5. State of the mind in general. 6. Quality; property. 7. State of the body as acted upon by any caufe. 8. Lively reprefentation in painting.

AFFECTIONATE (affectionné, F. from sfection) 1. Full of affection; ftrongly moved; warm zealous. 2. Strongly inclined to dipofed ; with the particle to. 3. Fond; tender. 4. Benevolent; tender.

AFFECTIONATELY (from affectionate) in an affectionate manner, fondly; tenderly; beaevolently.

AFFECTIONATENESS (from affediozate, the quality, or state of being affionate, fondsels; tenderness; good-will; benevolence. AFFECTIONED (from affection) 1. Affeed; conceited; the fenfe is now obfolete. 2. Inclined; mutually difpofed.

AFFECTIOUSLY (from affect) in an affecting manner.

AFFECTIVE (from affe) that which efs; that which ftrongly touches: it is generally used for painful.

AFFECTUOSITY (from affectuous) paf

fonateness.

AFFECTUOUS (from affect) full of paffon; as, an affectuous fpeech, a word little used.

AFFECTION (with Naturalifts) a quality or property of fome natural being.

AFFECTION (in a Legal Senfe) fignifies a making over, pawning or mortgaging a thing, to affure the payment of a fum of money, or the discharge of fome other duty or fervice. AFFECTIONS (with Humanists) are diA.: gafhed into,

Primary AFFECTIONS of Being (in Metaphyficks) are Unity, Truth and Goodness.

without any conjunction; as every Being is good, and all good is a Being.

Difunited AFFECTIONS of Being (in Metaphyficks) are predicated of it with a disjunctive term, and by taking in both parts of the fentence are convertible with it, as Being is either neceffary or contingent, and whatsover is either neceffary or contigent is a Being

AFFECTIONS of Body (with Naturalifts) certain modifications of a body, occafioned or introduced by motion, by means of which the body comes to be fo and fo difpofed.

AFFECTIONS of the Mind; are what are commonly called paffions.

AFFI'ANCE (with Divines) fignifies an acquiefcence of the mind, by which it is fupported against all unneceffary doubts and fears, upon account of the divine all-fufficiency in general; but with a more special eye to knowledge, wifdom and providence.

AFFIDATION, a mutual fidelity between one perfon and another, L. AFFIDAVIT (i. e. he has plighted his faith or fworn) a depofition, or the witneffing thing upon oath.

a

To make AFFIDA'VIT (Law Term) to fwear to the truth of a thing before a magi

ftrate.

AFFIRMATION (in respect to the people called Quakers) fignifies a folemn declaration in a judicial way, which by act of parliament is indulged them inftead of taking an oath, as other perfons do, and is in all matters of meum and tuum or right, obligatory and valid, but in criminal caufes of no force.

AFFIRMATIVE Heretick (in the Popi Law) one who owns the errors he is charged withal, and maintains the fame in his examination with firmness and refolution.

AFFIXION, a fixing or faftening to. AFFLATION, a blowing or breathing upon. L.

AFFLA'TUS, a blaft, or inspiration, a blowing or breathing upon. L.

AFFLICTEDNESS (of afflictus, Lat. and nefs) afHiction.

AF FLUENCY (affluencia, L.) abundance, great ftore, plenty, wealth.

AFFLUENT (affluens, L.) abounding, flowing to, increafing.

AFFLUENTNESS (affluentia, L.) great

plenty.

To AFFORD (affourrer, affourrager, F.) 1. To yield or produce; as, the foil affords grain; the trees afford fruits, this seems to be the primitive fignification. 2. To grant, or confer any thing, generally in a god fenfe, and fometimes in a bad, nct properly. To be able to fell; it is ufed always with reference to fome certain price; as, I can afford this for less than the other. 4. To be able to bear expences; as, traders can afford more

3.

United AFFECTIONS of Being (in Meta-finery in peace than war. phyficks) are fuch as are predicated of Being, To AFFRIGHT, to affect with fear; to Engly and folely, and are convertible with it, | terrify; it generally implies a fudden im

preffion

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AFFRAY' (probably of affrayer, F.) a fight between two or more parties.

AFFRA'Y

(in Common Law) AFFRAIMENT is an affrightment put upon one or more perfons; which may be done by an open fhew of violence only, without either a blow given, or a word fpoken; as if a man fhould appear in armour, or with weapons not ufually worn, it may ftrike a fear into fuch as are unarmed, and therefore is a common wrong, and is enquirable in a Court-Leet; but differs from an affault, because that is a particular injury.

AFFREIGHTMENT (of fretement, hiring or freighting, F.) the fame as affretamentum.

AFRESH (of frais, F.) freshly, anew, newly, over again.

AFFRONITRE (affronitum, L. of 'A&ds froth, and virpot, Gr. nitre) the fpume or froth of nitre.

As AFFRONT', an injury done either by words, bad ufage, or blows, F.

AFFRONTE (in Heraldry) facing, or fronting one another.

AFFRONTIVENESS, abufiveness, of

fenfiveness.

AFFULISION, a fhining upon.

AFTER-Birtha fkin or membrane in AFTER-Burden which the Fatus or child is wrapped in the Matrix, and comes away after the birth of the child.

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AFTER-Pain, pains felt in the loins, groin, c. after the birth is brought away. AGALAXY (agalaxia, L. of "ApararTin, Gr.) want of milk to give fuck with. AGAMIST (agamus, L. of äzauoc, Gr.) an unmarried perfon; a batchelor or widower. AGAPE Ayann, Gr.) charity, kindnefs, love; alms-giving.

AGAPET (of Ayan, Gr.) and peto, L. to hunt after) a whore-matter; one who hunts after Women.

AGE (probably of aga, Sax. i. e. always) the whole continuance of a man's life; alfo the space of an hundred years compleat, alfo a certain state or proportion of the life of man, which is divided into four different ages, as Infancy, Youth, Manbood, Old Age, F.

Infancy or Childhood, extends from the birth to the fourteenth year.

Youth, or the age of puberty commences at fourteen, and ends at about twent twenty-five.

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AGENHINE (or third Night, agenhine, Sax.) a perfon that comes to an house as a gueft, and lies there the third night, after which time he is looked upon as one of the family; and if he breaks the king's peace, his hoft was to be answerable for him. Hogenbine.

See

A'GENT, a factor, or perfon who does befinefs ter another.

AGENT (in Polity) a refident or under embaffador, that takes care of the affairs of his king or prince in a foreign court.

AGENT (with Philofophers) is that by which any thing is effected.

AGENT (in Theology.) It is ftrenuously difputed among divines, whether man is an agent or patient, i. e. whether it is purely in his power to do or refufe any particular act, and thereby render himself accountable or not at the day of judgment, for what he has acted or done in this life.

AGENT (in Phyficks) that by which a thing is done or effected, or which has a power by which it acts on another; or induces fome change in another by its action.

Natural AGENTS (with Scholafticks) are Phyfical fuch as are immediately determined by the author of nature to produce certain effects; but not the contrary thereto, as fire, which only heats, but does not cool.

Free ZAGENTS (with Scholafticks) Voluntary are fuch as may equally do any thing, or the contrary or oppofite of it; as acting not from any predetermination, but from choice; fuch the mind is fuppofed to be, which may either will or nill the fame thing.

Univocal AGENTS (with Naturalifts) are fuch agents as produce effects of the fame kind and denomination with them.

Equivocal AGENTS (with Naturalifts) are fuch agents whole effects are of a different kind from themselves.

AGGLOMERATION, a winding into a bottom. L.

AGGLUTINANTS (in Medicine) ftrengthening remedies, whofe office and effect is to adhere to the folid parts of the body, and by that to recruit and fupply the place of what is worn off and wafted by the animal actions.

AGGLUTINATION, a glueing together. L.

AGGRAN'DISEMENT(aggrandiffement, F.) a making great; but more especially in

worldly

worldly condition or eftate, a making bonourable.

AGGREGATE (aggregatum, L.) the whole mafs arifing from the joining or collecting feveral things together.

AGGREGATED Flower (with Boraa) a flower which confifts of many little fewers, meeting together, to make one whole one, each of which has its Stylus, Stamina, and sticking feed, and contained in one and the fame Calix.

AGGREGATION (in Phyficks) a fpecies of union, by which feveral things which have no natural dependence or conrection one with another, are collected together, fo as is f me fenfe to constitute one.

AGGRIEVANCE (probably of ad and grief, F.) affliction, great trouble, wrong,

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AGNATION (Civil Law) that line of confanguinity or kindred by blood, which is between fuch males as are defcended from the fame father.

AGNOMINATION, a nick-name, L. To AGREE (agreer, F. from gré, liking, or good-will; gratia, and gratus, L.) 1. To be in concord; to live without contention; sot to differ. 2. To grant; to yield to; to admit; with the particles to or upon. 3. To lettle terms by ftipulation; to accord. 4. To fettle a price between buyer and feller. 5. To be of the fame mind, or opinion. 6. To fettle fome point among many. 7. To be confiftent; not to contradict. 8. To fuit with; to be accommodated to. 9. To caufe Lo disturbance in the body.

TO AGREE, 1. To put an end to a variance. 2. To make friends; to reconcile. AGREEABLE (agreable, F.) 1. Suitable to; confiftent with. It has the particle to or witb. 2. Pleafing; that is, fuitable to the inclination, faculties, or temper. It is afed in this fenfe, both of perfons and things. 3. It has alfo the particle ro.

AGREEMENT (agrement, F. in Law Lut. Agrcamentum. Which Coke would willingly derive from aggregatio mentium.) T. Concord. 2. Refemblance of one thi g to another. Compact; bargain; conclufion of controversy; ftipulation.

3.

AGROUND (a-grund, Sax.) upon the ground; alfo nonplus'd, obftructed.

AGRYPNOCO'MA (of a younvía, watching, and Kaua, a deep fleep, Gr.) a waking drowsiness, a disease wherein the patients are conftantly inclined to fleep, but scarce can fleep, being affected with a great drowfinefs in the head, a stupidity in all the fenfes and faculties, and many times a Delirium too. It is the fame as Coma Vigil. L.

AGUE-TREE, Saffafras.

A'GUISHNESS (of aigu, F. fharp) the quality of an ague, coldness, fhiveringness. To AID (aider, F. Adjutare, L.) to help; to fupport; to fuccour.

AID (from to aid) 1. Help, fupport. 2. The perfon that gives help or fupport; a helper. 3. In Law, a fubfidy. Aid is alfo particularly used in matter of pleading, for a Petition made in court, for the calling in of help from another, that hath an intereft in the caufe in question; and is likewife both to give ftrength to the party that prays in aid of him, and alfo to avoid a prejudice accruing towards his own right, except it be prevented as, when a tenant for term of life, courtesy, &c. being impleaded touching his eftate, he may pray in aid of him in the Reverfion; that is, entreat the court, that he may be called in by writ, to alledge what he thinks good for the maintenance both of his right and his own,

AID 2 a tax paid by the vaffal to the AYDE chief lord, upon fome neceffary and urgent occafion, either afcertain'd by cuftom, or specified at the grant of lands.

AID of the king (Law term) is where the king's tenant prays aid of the king on account of rent demanded of him by others.

AIDS DE CAMP (of the king) certain young gentlemen, whom the king appoints in the field to that office.

To AIL (oglan, Sax. to be troublesome) 1. To pan; to trouble; to give pain. 2. It is used in a fenfe lefs determinate, for to affect in any manner; as, fomerbing ails me that I AGREEABLENESS (from agreeable) 1. cannot fet ftill; what ails the man that be Confiftency with; fuitableness to; with the laughs without re. fon? 3. To feel pain; to particle to. 2. The quality of pleafing. It be incommoded. 4. It is remarkable, that is ufed in an inferior fenfe; to mark the this word is never ufed, but with fome indeproduction of Satisfaction, calm and lasting, finite term, or the word nothing, as, what but below rapture or admiration. 3. Reails him? what does he ail? be ails fomething; femblance; likeness; fometimes with the parti-le between.

AGREEABLY (from agreeable) 1. Confiftently with; in a manner fuitable to. 2. pleafirgly.

AGREED (from agree) fettled by confent. AGREEINGNESS (from agree) ConStence; fuitableness,

be ails nothing, fomething ails bim; nothing ails bim. Thus we never fay a fever ails him; or, he ails a fever; or use definite terms with this verb.

AIL (from the verb) a difeafe. AILMENT (from ail) pain; difeafe. AILING (from to ail) fickly, full of complaints.

Το

To AIM (it is derived by Skinner from fmer, to point at ; a word which I have not found.) I To endeavour to ftrike with a miffive weapon; to direct towards; with the particle at. 2. To point the view, or direct the fteps towards any thing; to tend towards; to endeavour to reach or obtain; with to formerly, now only with at. 3. To direct the miffile weapon; more particularly taken for the act of pointing the weapon by the eye, before its difmiffion from the hand. 4. To guess.

'watér.

2. The particles of air are very fine and branched, fo that they leave interftices between one another, and can never be formed into a compact body.

II. Water has been proved by experiment to be 840 times heavier than air, from whence it will follow, that a certain bulk of air contains in it 840 times lefs homogeneous matter than an equal bulk of water does ; and this is the reason why air may be condensed, but not water.

AIM (from the verb.) 1. The direction III. The Air is diaphanous, because, havof a miffile weapon. 2. The point to which ing very wide pores, and feparable parts, ie the thing thrown is directed. 3. In a figu- admits the matter whereof light confifts rative fenfe, a purpofe; a fcheme; an in- through right lines. And hence it is, that tention; a defign. 4. The object of a de- not only the fun and the planets fhine or refign; the thing after which any one endea-flect their light upon us, but also the fixt vours. 5. Conjecture; guess. ftars are feen by us at immenfe Distance. But as deep water does not tranfmit all the rays which fall upon it, because the series of light is interrupted by the motion of the watry particles; fo many of the rays, which fall upon this prodigious bulk of air over us, muft needs be broken off and intercepted before they reach us; which probably may be the caufe, that where the sky is clear, it is not quite tranfparent, but appears of a more blue and waterish colour.

AIR (aer, L. ang, Gr. of r del fin, becaufe it is always flowing, or as others from nu, to breathe, or as others fay of, Heb. light) is generally underfood to be that fluid in which we breathe, and the earth is enclofed, and as it were wrapped up.

All common air is impregnated with a certain vivifying fpirit, which is abfolutely neceffary to the prefervation and continuance of animal life.

This vivifying Spirit is inflammable, or of a nature proper to be aliment or fuel to fire, and is capable of being aduft or confumed thereby; for this fpirit is actually deftroy'd by being caufed to pafs through the fire and the air which has been fo burnt (as has been proved by experiment) will deaden red hot coals and extinguish flame, and deftroy life.

The particles of which air confift give way to every fmall impreffion, and move readily and freely among one another; and this is a proof that air is a fluid.

And as the preffure encreases fo does its denfity, and as the preffure decreafes it expands itfe f.

AIR is found to have thefe fix properties following.

1. It is liquid, and cannot be congealed like water.

2. It is much lighter than water, but yet it is not without its gravity.

3. It is diaphanous, that is, it tranfmits the light.

4. It can easily be condens'd and rarefied. 5. It has an elastic force.

6. It is neceffary for flame and refpiration. I. It is much more liquid than water is, and cannot be congealed, and that for the reafons following.

1. Because it seems to have pores much larger, full of finer matter, of a very quick motion, whereby particles of air are continually driven about, as it appears by this experiment, that if air be pent up in a vaffel, it is eafily condensed; whereas no perfon yet, by any Invention, has been able to condense

IV. AIR is condenfed and rarefied, becaufed it confifting of branchy particles, those' particles are scattered by an extraordinary quick motion, which is called Rarefaction.

Again, they are easily thrust into a lefs
compafs, while their branches are driven to-
gether, and clofe one with another, and
thereby crush out the liquid matter which
lay between them; and this is called Con-
denfation.

There are a multitude of experiments to
prove this
; as there are a fort of guns, into
which fuch a quantity of air may be forced,
as to fhoot out a leaden bullet with great
violence.

V. That the air has an elaftick force, that
is, that it has a power to return to the same
ftate, and re-occupy the fame space which it
filled before, whenever the force that crusheth
it into a narrower compafs is removed, the
before-mentioned experiment does demon-
ftrate.

VI. That AIR is neccary for flame or refpiration. Without air, flame and fire go out, and air feems to have a nitrous or fulphureous matter in it, that the air which lies upon fo many plants, animals and minerals, upon which the heat of the fun continually operates and extracts a good part of them, muft needs carry away with it innumerable particles of fulphur and volatile falts wherewith things abound, as chymical experiments demonftrate.

Every time the air received into the lungs påffes out of them, the vivifying fpirit is either destroyed or left behind; and thence

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