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an animal will die as well for want of fresh air as by reafon of the total want of air.

It is computed, that the quantity of vivifying fpirit that is contained in a gallon of common air, will fuffice one man for the space of

minute.

AIR'INESS (of air) brifknefs, liveliness. Higb AIRS, are the motions of a horse that tiles higher than terra a terra, and works at Carvers, Balotades, Croupades and Capriols. AIR (with Phyficians) makes one of the fir non-naturals.

Imate AIR (with Anatomifs) is fuppofed en be a fine, aerial fubftance, inclofed in the Labyrinth of the inward ear, and to minifter to the due conveyance of the founds in the fentory.

AIR (with Musicians) fignifies the melody or the inflection of a mufical compofition. AIR PUMP, a machine or inftrument contrived to extract or draw the air out of proper vefels. See Pump,

AIRY Meteors (with Aftronomers) fuch as are bred of flatulous and fpirituous exhalations or vapours: as winds, &c.

AISLE (in Heraldry) fignifies winged, or having wings, F.

AISTHE'RIUM (of alolampas, Gr. to perceive) the fenfory of the brain. To A'KE

To ACHE

to be pained....

of ace, pain or grief, or acian, Sax.) to be painful,

To bave an AKING tooth at one, to be angry at, to have a mind to rebuke or chaftife

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A'LA, the wing of a fowl.

ALA (in Anatomy) a term used for feveral parts of the body, which bear a resemblance to the figure of a wing, as the top of an auricle, &r.

ALABASTRA (with Botanifts) the buds or green leaves of plants which inclofe the bottom of flowers before they are spread. ALARM (Metaphorically) any manALA'RUMS ner of fudden noife, &c. caufing fear, fright or trouble; alfo a chime fet in a clock or watch.

ALATERNUS (with Botanifts) the moft beautiful shrub for hedges, of a lovely green colour, and bearing fweet fcented bloffoms. ALBER'GE (Botany) a fmall forward peach of a yellow colour."

ALBIFICATION, a making white, a whitening, L.

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keeper.

ALERT (alerte, F. probably from alacris; but probably from à l'art, according to art or rule) 1. In the military fenfe, on guard; watch. ful; vigilant; ready at a call. 2. In the common fenfe, brifk; pert; petulant; smart; implying fome degree of cenfure and contempt.

ALERTNESS (from alert) the quality of being alert; fprightlinefs; pertness.

ALEXICACON ( ̓Αλεξίκακον, οἱ λέξω, to expel or drive out, and xandy evil; a medicine to expel any ill humours out of the body,

ALEXITERICUM (with Phyficians), a prefervative against poifon or infection.

ALGA faccharifera (with Botanifts) fugar bearing fea-weed. By hanging in the air, this plant will afford repeated efflorescences of white fugar, as fweet as any prepared from fugar-canes. L.

AL'GAROT (Chymiftry) a preparation of butter of antimony, washed in a large quantity of warm water till it turn to a white powder. It is otherwife called Mercurius vita.

PAM

ALGEBRAICAL Curve (in Geometry) is acurve of fuch a nature, that the abfciffes of it will always bear the fame proportion to their refpective ordinates; thus if the product of any Abfciffe, A Px multiplied into the fame quantity, P will be always equal to the fquare of the correfpondent ordinate, P M 2 yy, the equation expreffing the nature of the curve will be p =yy, and the curve is the common parable. AL'GIDNESS (algiditas, L.) coldness,

AL/BURN Colour, a brown. See Au- chilnefs. barn,

ALBURNUM (with Botanifts) is esteemed by fome to be the fat of trees, that part of the trunk that is between the bark and timber, or the most tender wood, and is hardened after the fpace of fome years. ALCALIZATION (with Chymifs) ALKALIZATION the act of impregnating a liquor with an alcaline falt.

ALGOL (in Aftronomy) a fixed ftar of the first magnitude in the conftellation Perfeus, in longitude 51 degrees 37 minutes, latitude 22 degrees 22 minutes, called alfo Medusa's head.

AL/GORI&M (with Mathematicians) the practical operations in the feveral parts of fpecious Arithmetick; alfo the practice of common Arithmetick, by ten numerical figures. ALHANDAL

D

ALHA'NDAL (in Pharmacy) the Arabian name of Colocynthis, as Trochifca Alhandali, are Torchees compofed of Colocynthis, Bdellium and Gum Tragacanth.

A'LIAS, a fecond or further writ iffued from the courts at Westminster, after a Capias iffued out without effect.

ALIBLE alibilis, L.) Nutritive; nourishing; that which may be nourished.

A'LIMA (of a privative, and Auds, Gr. hunger) medicines which either prevent or afluage hunger. L.

A'LIMENT (in a Medicinal fenfe) all that which may be diffolved by the ferment or natural heat of the stomach, and converted into the juice called Chile, to repair the continual wafting of the parts of the body. ALIMENTAL (alimentalis, L.) pertain

ALIMENTARINESS (of alimentarius, L.) nourishing quality,

ALIEN (alienus, L.) 1. Foreign, or noting to nourishment. of the fame family or land. 2. Estranged from; not allied to; adverfe to; with the particle from, and fometimes to, but improperly.

ALIEN (alienus, L.) 1. A foreigner; not a denison; a man of another country or family; not allied; a stranger. 2. In Law, an Alien is one born in a ftrange country, and never enfranchised. A man born out of the land, fo it be within the limits beyond the feas, or of English parents out of the king's obedience, fo the parents, at the time of the birth, be of the king's obedience, is not Alien. If one born out of the king's allegiance, come and dwell in England, his children (if he beget any here) are not Aliens, but denizens.

ALIMENTARY Duet (Anatomy) that part of the body through which food paffes, from its reception into the mouth, to its exit at the anus, including the gula, ftomach and inteftines. Dr. Tyfon. Alfo it is fometimes us'd for the Thoracick Duct.

A'LIPEDE (alipes, L. of ales, a bird, and pes a foot) nimble, swift of foot.

ALIPITERY (alipterium, L. of dλimligion, Gr.) a place belonging to, or an apartment in baths, where perfons were anointed.

AL'KALI (fo called from the Arabick particle al and Kali) an herb called otherwise' Salt-wort or Glass-wort, which is a kind of fea-blite, and one of the principal ingredients 1.in makig glafs, and affords a great quantity of this kind of falt, and is either fixed or

To ALIEN (aliener, Fr. alieno, L.) To make any thing the property of another. 2. To estrange; to turn the mind or affection; to make averfe to; with from. ALIENABLE (from to alienate) that of which the property may be transferred.

To ALIENATE (aliener, Fr. alieno, L.) 1. To transfer the property of any thing to another. 2. To withdraw the heart or af fections; with the particle from, where the first poffeffor is mentioned.

ALIENATE (alienatus, L.) withdrawn from; franger to; with the particle from.

volatile.

AL'KALI Salts, are only acids concentrated in little molecules of earth, and united with certain particles of oil, by the means of fire.

Fixt ALKALIES (with Chymifts) are made by burning the plant Kail, &c. and having made a lixivium, or lee of the afhes, filtrating that lee, and evarorating the moisture of it by a gentle heat, fo that the fixt falt may be left at the bottom of the veffel. This fixt falt being rendered very porous by the fire having pafs'd fo often through it in its calcination, and probably by fixing there some of its effential falt: and because that many of the fiery particles do alfo ftick in thofe pores, when any acid liquor is mingled with ALIENATION, a making over, or giv.it, caufes a very great ebullition, or effering the right and property of a thing to ano- vefcence. ther: alfo the drawing away or estranging. the affections of one perfon from another,

ALIENATION (alienatio, L.) 1. The act of transferring property. 2. The ftate of being alienated, as, the cftate was wafted, during its alienation. 3. Change of affection. 4. Apply'd to the mind, it means diforder of the faculties.

ALIENATION Office, an office to which all writs and covenants and entry, upon which fines are levied, and recoveries fuffered, are carried, to have fines for alienation fet and paid thereon.

ALIENILO'QUY (alieniloquium, L.) a talking wide from the purpose, or not to the matter in hand.

ALIFEROUS (alifer, L.) bearing or having wings.

ALIGEROUS (aliger, L.) "bearing, carrying, or having wings.

To ALIGHT (alihan, Sax.) to get off the back of an horfe; alio to fettle upon, as a bird.

Volatile ALKALIES (Chymifiry) are the volatile falts of vegetables, which are fo called, because they will ferment with acids.

ALL, 1. Quite; completely. 2. Altogether; wholly; without any other confideration. 3. Only; without admiffion of any thing elfe. 4. Although. Thy fenfe is truly teutonick, but now obfolete. 5. It is fometimes a word of emphafis; nearly the fame with juft.

ALL (all, all, alle, alle, Sax. olls, Wajh; al Dutch; alle, Germ. äλos, Gr.) 1. The whole number, every one. 2. The whole quantity; every part. 3. The whole duration of time. 4. The whole extent of place.

ALL,

ALL, the whole; oppofed to part, or nothing. 2. Every thing, as, every thing is the better, the jame, the fitter.

ALL is much used in compofition, but in moft inftances, it is merely arbitrary; as, all-commanding. Sometimes the words compounded with it, are fixed and claffical; as, Aighty. When it is connected with a participle, it feems to be a noun; as, all-furranding; in other cafes, an adverb; as, allaccomplished, or completely accomplished. Of these compounds, a fmall part of thofe which may be found is inferted.

To ALLAY (from aloyer, F.) to mix one metal with another, in order to coinage; it is therefore derived by fome from à la loi, eccording to lato; the quantity of metals being mixed according to law; by others from allier, to asite; perhaps from allocare, to put together. 1. To mix one metal with another, to make it fitter for coinage; in this fenfe, moft authors preferve the original French orthography, and write alloy (which fignifies, 1. Bafer metal mixed in coinage. 2. Abate ment; diminution.) 2. To join any thing to another, fo as to abate its predominant quaEries. 3. To quiet, to pacify, to reprefs. The word, in this fenfe, I think not to be derived from the French alleyer, but to be the Ergash word lay, with a before it, accordir g to the old form.

ALLAY (from alley, F.) i. The metal of a bafer kind mixed in coins, to harden them, that they may wear lefs. Gold is albyed with filver and copper, two carats to a pound Troy; filver with copper only, of which 18 pennyweights is mixed with a pound. Cowel thinks that the allay is added, to countervail the charge of coining; which might have been done, only by making the coin lefs. 2. Any thing, which, being added, abates the predominant qualities of that with which it is mingled; in the fame manner as the admixture of bafer metals allays the qualities of the first mass. 3. Allay being taken from bafer metals, commonly implies fomething worse than that with which it is mixed.

The joy has no allay of jealousy, hope, and fear. Rofcom.

ALLAYER (from Allay.) The perfon or thing that has the power or quality of allaying. ALLAYMENT (from allay.) That which has the power of allaying or abating the force of another.

ALLEGORICALNESS (of allegorique, F. allegoricus, L. of dλangopinos, Gr.) being allegorical.

ALLEGORY (anλnyogía, of anhos, another, and yprus, I fay, Gr.) a faying one thing, and meaning another. It is a continued metaphor, in which words there is fomething couched different from the literal fenfe, and the figurative manner of speech is carried on through the whole difcourfe; or

it may be defined to be a series or continuation of metaphors, as that allegory in Horace, Lib. 1. Ode 14.

O navis referent in mare te novi fluctus, &c.

Where by the hip is meant the commonwealth; by the waves, the civil war; by the port, peace and concord; by the oars, foldiers; by the mariners, magiftrates, &c.

ALLELUJAH, the herb wood-forrel, or French forrel.

ALLER (with antient writers) a word ufed to exprefs the superlative degree, as aller good the greatest good.

ALLER SANS JOUR (Laru phrase) i. e. to go without a day) fignifies to be finally difmifs'd the court, another day of appearance being appointed,

ALLIED (allié, F.) matched, united, also joined by league.

to.

To ALLIGATE (alligatum, L.) to bind

ALLIGATOR, a kind of a Weft Indian crocodile, an amphibious creature, living both on land and water; they grow as long as they live, and fome are 18 feet in length, and proportionably large, they have a musky smell, fo strong, that the air is fcented for an hundred paces round them, and also the water they

lie in.

ALIOTH (Navigation) a star in the tail of Urfa major, of much ufe to navigators in finding out the latitude, the height of the pole, &c.

ALLO/DIUM (Civil Law) a freehold, every man's own land or eftate that he poffeffes, merely in his own right, not yielding any fervices to another, and is oppofed to Feodum.

ALLOW'ABLENESS (of allouër, F.) being allowable.

ALL-GOOD, the herb mercury, or Good Henry.

ALLSEED, a plant fo called from its abounding with feed.

AL'LUM (alumen, L.) a mineral well

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the fame.

ALMICAN'TER AHS ALMICANTURAHS ALMACAN'TOR Staff (with Mathematicians) an inftrument of box or pear wood, with anarch of 15 degrees, for taking obfervations of the fun at his rifing or fetting, to find the amplitude, and thereby the variation of the compass.

AL'MANACK, distribution or numbering. Arab.

ALMODA'RII (law term) lords of free manors, lords paramount.

ALMOIN. See Frank Almoin. ALMONARY the office or lodgings of AU'MRY S the almoner, alfo the place where alms are given.

ALMOND (amygdala, L.) a fort of nut well known.

ALMOND Furnace (with Refiners) a furnace for feparating all forts of metals from cinders, pieces of melting pots, and other refufe things.

ALMONDS of the Throat, are the glandulous fubftance, placed on each fide the Uvula at the root of the tongue, refembling two kernels; these receive the Salivaor fpittle from the brain, and difperfe it to the tongue, jaws, throat, and gullet, to moiften them, and make them flippery. These being inflam'd and fwell'd by a cold, &c. ftraighten the paffage of the throat, and render it painful and difficult to fwallow even the fpittle, This is called a fore Throat, and by fome the falling of the almonds of the cars.

ALMONER an ecclefiaftical officer of ALM'NER the king, &c. whose office is to take care of the diftribution of the alms to the poor, to vifit the fick, to receive all things given in alms; alfo forfeitures by mifadventures, and the goods of felf-murtherers,

&c.

ALMOST (Al-mært, Sax.) for the moft or greatest part.

ALMS ('Exerμorún, Gr.) that which is freely given to the poor.

ALOES A, Gr.) the gum or juice of a tree growing efpecially in Egypt.

ALOGY (dhoyla, Gr.) unreasonableness, efpecially in eating.

ALOPECIA (αλωπεκία, οἱ ἀλώπηξ, fox, Gr. the fox-evil) a disease called the fcurf, when the hairs fall from the head by the roots.

ALOUD (of aloud, Sax.) loudly, ftrong and audible voice.

with 2

ALPHABET (in Polygraphy) a dupli. cate of the key of a cypher, which is kept by each of the parties who correspond together.

ALPHE'TA (Aftronomy) a star of the fecond magnitude; alfo called Lucida Corona. ALTAR (altare, L.) the table in Chriftian churches where the communion is administer'd. AL'TERABLENESS (of alterare, L.) liableness to be altered.

ALTERANT (alterans, L.) a property or power in certain medicines, by which they induce an alteration in the body, and dispose it for health and recovery, by correcting fome indifpofition without causing any fenfible evacuation.

ALTERA'TION (with Naturalifts) that motion whereby a natural body is changed or varied in fome circumstances from what it really was before, though as to the nature and bulk, they appear to fenfe the same.

To ALTERNATE (alternare, L.) to do by course or turns, as an alternate office, i. e. an office which is discharged by turns.

X/Z

Yu

ALTERNATE Angles (in Geometry) two equal angles made by a line cutting two parallels, and makes thofe parallel the one on one fide, and the other on the other, as x and x, x and y are alternate angles.

ALTERNATE Proportion (with Geometricians) is when in any fet of proportionals the antecedents are compared together, and the confequents together.

ALTERNA'TION (by fome Mathematicians) is used for the different changes and alterations of order in any number of things, as the changes rung on bells, &c. ALTERN'ATENESS ALTERNATIVENESS ceffion by courfe. ALTERN'ATIVELY F.) by turns.

}

(alternatio, L.) a fuc.

(alternativement,

ALTERNITY (alternitas, L.) interchangeablenefs.

ALTIL'OQUENCE, (of altiloquens, L.) talking loud or high.

ALTILO'QUIOUS (altiloquus, L.) talking aloud; alfo of high matters.

ALTIL'OQUY (altiloquium, L.) loud talk; alfo of high things.

ALTIMETRY (of alta, high things, and metiri, L. to measure) a part of Geometry, that teaches the method of taking and meafuring heights, whether acceffible or inacceffible.

ALTI'SONOUS (altifonus, L.) founding high, loud, fhrill, clear, &c.

AL

ALTITUDE of the Pole (in Aftronomy and Geography) is the height or number of degrees, that the pole in any latitude is rais'd er appears above the horizon. ALTITUDE of a Triangle (in Geometry) is the length of a right line let fall perpendicular from any of the angles on the fide oppofite to that angle from whence it falls, and may be either within or without the triangle, as is marked by the prick'd lines in the

figure annexed.

The ALTITUDE of a Rhombus (in Geometry) or of a Rhomboides, is a right line let fall perpendicular from any angle on the oppofite fide to that angle, and it may be either within or without the figure, as the prick'd lines in the figure annex'd.

ALTITUDE (with Aftronomers) the height of the fun, moon, planets, or point of the heavens comprehended between the horizon and parallel circle of altitude, or between the ftar or affigned point in the heavens and the horizon.

ALTITUDE (in Cofmography) is the perpendicular height of a body or object; or its diftance from the horizon upwards.

Meridian ALTITUDE of the Sun, an arch of the meridian, contained between the fun and the horizon, when the fun is in the

meridian.

Apparent ALTITUDE of the Sun, &c. (in Aftronomy) is what it appears to our obfervation.

Real

True

|ther, generally with some share of reproach, either of eagerness, or indifcrimination.

2. To

To AMAZE (from a and maze, perplexity) 1. To confuse with terror. put into confufion with wonder. 3. To put into perplexity.

AMAZE (from the verb amaze) astonishment; confufion, either of fear or wonder. AMAZEDLY (from amazed) confufedly; with amazement; with confufion.

AMAZEDNESS (from amazed) the state of being amazed; aftonishment; wonder; confufion.

AMAZEMENT (from amaze) 1. Such a confufed apprehenfion, as does not leave reafon its full force; extreme fear; horror. 2. Extreme dejection. 3. Height of admiration. 4. Aftonishment, wonder at an unexpected event.

AMAZING (from amaze) wonderful;

aftonishing.

AMAZINGLY (from amazing) to a degree that may excite aftonishment; wonderfully.

AMBER-GREASE a fragrant drug, AMBER-GRIS which melts almoft like wax, of an afh or greyish colours it is used both by apothecaries as a cordial, and by perfumers as a scent.

It is found in feveral parts of the ocean, upon the Coafts of Muscovy and on the Indian fhore.

Some imagine it to be a compound of wax and honey, which being hardened by the fun and falling into the fea, is there brought to perfection: this opinion is the more probable,

} ALTITUDE {that from way in that an effence much resembling it may be

which

the refraction has been fubftracted. ALTITUDE of the Equator (Aftronomy) the complement of the altitude of the pole to a quadrant of a circle.

ALTITUDE (in Opticks) is the perpendicular space of place betwixt the base and the eye, or height of the visual point above the bafe.

ALTITUDE of a Figure (with Geometritian) the perpendicular diftance between the the vertex and the bafe.

ALTITUDE of Motion (Mechanicks) the measure of any motion counted according to the line of direction of the moving force. ALU'MINATED (aluminatus, L.) done with alum.

AM (Eom, Sax.) as I am. AMABILITY (amabilitas, L.) amiablenefs. loveliness.

AMARITUDE (amaritudo, L.) bitter

extracted from a compofition of wax and honey and this opinion feems to be further fupported, in that large pieces have been found before it has arrived at its full maturity, which being broke had wax and honey in the middle of them.

Liquid AMBER, is a fort of native balfam or refin, refembling turpentine, clear, of colour reddish or yellowish, of a pleasant fcent, almoft like that of ambergrease.

Oil of AMBER, is a fine yellow tranfpaby augmenting the degree of fire. rent, ponderous oil, procured after the spirit,

Spirit of AMBER, is an acid liquor drawn from amber, by pulverizing and distilling it, in a fand bath, &c.

AMBIDEX/TER, a prevaricator, a jack on both fides.

AMBIDEX/TEROUSNESS (of ambidexter, L.) the ufing of both hands alike. AMBIENT Air (with Naturalifts) the encompaffing air, fo called by way of emiAMARULENCE (amaritude, L.) bitter-nency, because it furrounds all things on the

Defs.

nels.

AMASMENT (from amass) a heap; an accumulation; a collection.

To AMASS (from amaer, F.) 1. To collect together into one heap or mafs. 2. In a figurative fenfe, to add one thing to ano

furface of the earth.

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