the tranflater or compiler. 4. A writer in general.

AUTHORITATIVE (from authority.) 1. Having due authority. 2. Having an air of authority.

AUTHORITATIVELY (from authoritative) in an authoritative manner; with a thew of authority. 2. With due authority. AUTHORITATIVENESS (rom authoritative) an acting by authority; authorîtative appearance.

AUTHORITY (auctoritas, L.) 1. Legal power. 2. Influence; credit. 3. Power; rule. 4. Support, juftification, countenance. 5. Teftimony. 6. Weight of teftimony; credibility.

AUTHORIZATION (from authorize) eftablishment by authority.

To AUTHORIZE (from autorifer, F.) 1. To give authority to any Perfon. 2. To make any thing legal. 3. To eftablish any thing by authority. 4. To juftify, to prove a thing to be right. 5. To give credit to any thing or perfon.

AUTOKINE'SIA (dulonimaía, of dulos and w, to move, Gr.) a free moving of itself to and fro.

AUTOM ATOΝ (ἀυλομαθόν, of αυτός and paisus, or dulouales, fpontaneous, Gr.) a elf-moving engine; a machine which has the principle of motion within itfeif, going either by a vice, fcrew, fpring or weight; any piece of mechanifm that feems to move of itself, as a clock, jack, watch, &c.

AUTOMATORY (automatoria, L.) the art or fcience of making clocks, watches, &c. and fuch machines as move of themselves.

AUTOTHE'IST (of duls and Seds, God, Gr.) one who believes God's felffubfiftence.

AUTUMN (autumnus, L.) harveft, the time from the fixth of Auguft to the fixth of November.

AUTUMNAL Point (with Aftronomers) is one of the equinoxial points; being that from which the fun begins to defcend towards the north pole.

AUTUMNAL Equinox (Aftron.) the time when the fun is in the autumnal point.

AUTUMNAL Signs (Aftron.) are thofe through which the fun paffes during the autumn feafon; they are, Libra, Scorpius, and Sagittarius.

AUTURGY (auturgia, L. of aulis, self, and glow, Gr. work) felf-working.

AUXILIATION, help, aid, fuccour. AUXILIUM (with Phyficians) any medici e that is good against a disease.

To AWAIT (of ache, Teut.) to wait for, attend upon; alfo ready to befal one, (fpoken of ill.)

To AWAKE (peccian, Sax. To awake has the preterite awoke, or, as we now more commonly fpeak, arvaked.) 1. To roufe out of fleep. 2. To raife from any ftate re

fembling fleep. 3. To put into new action.
To AWAKE. To break from sleep; to
ceafe to fleep.

AWAKE (from the verb) without sleep,
not fleeping.

To AWAKEN. See Awake.
TO AWARD. 1. To adjudge; to give
any thing by a judicial fentence. 2. To
judge; to determine.

AWARD (from the verb) judgment, fen-
tence, determination.

AWARE (from a and ware) vigilant ; in a ftate of alarm; attentive.

To AWARE. To beware; to be cautious.

2.

From any place or perfon. 3. Let us go.
AWAY (ape, Sax.) 1. Abfent.
4. Begone. 5. Out of one's own hands;
into the power of fomething elfe. 6. It is
often used with a verb; as to drink away an
estate; to idle away a manor; that is, to
drink or idle till an eftate or manor is gone.
He play'd his life away. Pope.
is the original import of the following
7. On the way; on the road: perhaps this
phrafe:

Sir Valentine, whither away fo faft?
Sb. T. G. of Verona.
8. Perhaps the phrase, be cannot away with,
may mean, be cannot travel with; be cannot
bear the company. 9. Away with. Throw
away, take away.

AWE (ege, oga, Sax.) Reverential fear,

reverence.

To AWE (from the noun, to strike with

reverence or fear.

2.

AWEBAND (from a and band a check.
ftrikes with awe, or fills with reverence.
AWFUL (from awe and full) that which
Worshipful; in authority; invested with
dignity. This fenfe is obfolete.
with arve; timorous; fcrupulous. This sense
3. Struck
occurs but rarely.

AWFULLY (from awful) in a reveren-
tial manner.

AWFULNESS (from awful.) 1. The quality of ftriking with awe; folemnity. 2. The fate of being ftruck with awe.

AWN (with Husbandmen) the spire or ANE beard of barley, or other bearded grain; alfo the beard that grows out of the hufk of corn, or grafs.

AX VETCH, an herb.

AXILLA (in anatomy) the cavity under the upper part of the arm, commonly called the arm-pit. L.

AXIOMA (with Logicians) is the dif pofing one argument with another, where a thing is faid to be or not to be.

AXIOMA TICKS (axiomatici, L. of asopalinoi, Gr.) perfons worthy of fome dignity or publick office.

AXIS, properly fignifies a line or long piece of iron or wood, pailing through the center of a fphere, which is moveable upon the fame.

1

AXIS [with Botanis] (by a metaphor taken from the axis of a wheel, which is that smooth part about which it turns) is the Smooth part in the center of fome fruits, about which the other parts are disposed.

AXIS of the Earth (Geography) is a right line upon which the earth performs its daily

rotation.

AXIS of a Planet (Aftron.) is a right line drawn through the center of the planet, and about which it revolves.

F

diameter.

AXIS (Arcbite.) is other wife called Cathetus: as, AXIS (of the Ionick Capital) is a line pailing perpendicular through the middle of the eye of the volute.

Spiral AXIS (Architect.) is the axis of a twifted column, drawn ípirally, in order to trace the circumvolutions without.

AXIS of a Magnet, is a line paffing thro' the middle of a Magnet lengthwife, in fuch manner, that however the Magnet is divided, the loadftone will be made into two loadftones, if the division be according to a plane wherein fuch line is found.

AXIS (in Peritrochio) a machine for the railing of weights confifting of a cylindrical beam, which is the axis lying horizontally, and fupported at each end by a piece of timber; and fomewhere about it it hath a kind of tympanum or wheel, which is called the peritrochium; in the circumference of which are made holes to put in ftaves (like thofe of a windlass or capitan, in order to turn the axis round the more cafily, to raise the weight by a rope that winds round the axis.

F

AXIS (in Conick Sections) is a line that goes through the middle of the figure, and cutting all the ordinates at right angles. Tianfuerfe AXIS (of an Ellipfis or perbol) is the axis AP laft defined.

AXIS of a Conick, is the right line or fide upon which the triangle turns or makes its motion in forming the cone.

AXIS of a Lens (Opticks) is a right line paffing along the axis of that folid, whereof the Lens is a fegment.

AXIS of any Glass (Opticks) is a right line drawn perpendicularly thro' the center of the Glass, and if it be a convex Glefs, through the thickest part; or if it be a concave Glass, thro' the thinneft part (which in each of them is termed the pole of the glafs) directly on the center of the fphere, of which the glass figure is a fegment.

AXUN'GIA, a kind of fat, the fofteft of any that is in the bodies of animals; aifo the fwarf or greafe in the axle-tice of a wheel; boar's grease.

AXUNGIA, (of Glass) called also the fait or gall of glafs, is a fcum which is taken off from the top of the matter of glass before it is vitrified.

AZA'PES (in the Turkish army) are the old Mufflmen hands, more ancient than the Janizaries themselves, but very much defpis'd; they are made ufe of as Pioneers, and are fometimes merely a bridge to the horse in marshy grounds, and fo many fafcines to fill up the ditches of a place befjeged.

AZ EROLE (with Botanifts) a kind of medlar-tree, the leaves of which are like parfley, the flowers grow in clusters, and have feveral leaves, which appear rofewife, the fruit is smaller than a medlar, red, and of an agreeable taste.

AZIMUTH Dial, one whofe style or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the Hy-horizon.

It

Magnetical AZIMUTH (in Aftronomy) is the apparent diftance of the fun from the north or fouth point of the compaís.

AZO'NES

AZONES (of a privative, and Zn, Gr. a zone or country) with Mythologifts, fuch gods as were not private divinities, of any particular country, but were acknowledged as gods in every country, and were worshipped by every nation.

AZURE (of azurro, Ital. or azul, Sp. which fignifies blue, or of Laxulus lapis, L., the colour of the fky.

AZURE (in Heraldry) i. e. blue; this coJour, Grillim fays, confifts of much red and a little white, and reprefents the colour of the sky in a clear, fun-fhiney day, and in engraving is exprefs'd by lines drawn a-crofs the fhield, as in the efcutcheon.

B.

The river Euphrates ran through the middle of the city, the two fhores being joined by a bridge of stupendous architecture: Some authors write, that the city, when in its greatest grandeur, was in compafs 46 miles. The walls were built by queen Semiramis, fo large and high, that fome write they were 200, others 250, and others 300 feet high; but the most common received measure is, that they were fi ty cubits high, and fo broad, that three chariots might go upon them without dager. Diodorus Siculus writes, that they were 300 or 350 ftadia in compafs, that is, above twenty-two English miles, and five ftadia high, having pleatant gardens on them. BACCATED (baccatus, L.) beset with pearls, alfo having many berries.

BACCHANA'LIA, a feftival in honour of

b Roman, Bb Italick, Bb English, Bacchus, celebrated with much folemeity by

BB Rock, Hebreed, n the fecent life.

ters of these alphabets.

B, in English words, is not heard or pronounced after m, as climb, dumb, rumb, thumb, &c.

B, is used as an abbreviation of feveral words, as B A. Baccalaureus Artium, a batchelor of arts; B. V. Beata virge, i. e. the beffed Virgin, Sc. Maria.

B (with the Ancients) a numeral, denoting 300.

Ē, with a dash, over it fignifies 3000. BA'AL in the Hebrew, fignifies lord or mighty) an idol of the Moabites and Phanicams, called alfo Bel, and is thought to have been the first of idols.

BABEL, Heb. i, e. confufion) a huge tower in the land of Shinar in Mefopotama, faid to have been built 5146 paces high, having an equal bafis; the paffage was round the fide, and had many apartments and rooms for people, cattle, hories, carts,

&c. inclcfed within it. The hands of all or moft of the inhabitants of the earth were

employed in it after the flood, before they were feparated; fuppofed to be begun by the arder of Nimrod, to fecure them against a fecond flood. It was rendered famous upon the account of the confufion of languages, which caufed them to defift from their attempts.

To BABBLE (babbelen, Germ. babiller, F.) 1. To prattle like a child; to prate imperfectly. 2. To talk idly, or irrationally

the ancient Greeks and Romans; thefe feafts were alfo called Orgya, of 'Ogyǹ, fury of tranfport, by reafon of the madness and enthu frafm that the people feemed to be poffeffed

with at the time of their celebration.

BACCHAN'TES 2 the prifteffes and BACCHANALS priests of Bacchus, who celebrated his faftivals with cymbals, drums, timbrels, noife and fhouts, running about in a frantick manner, crowned with ivy, vine-twigs, &c. and carrying in their hands a thyrs or staff wreathed with the fame plants, L.

BACHELORSHIP (baccalaureat, F. Baccalaureatus, L.) the estate or condition of a man never married,

BACK (bac, bæc, Sax. bach, Germ.) neck to the thighs. 2. The outer part of 1. The hinder part of the body, from the the hand when it is hut; opposed to the that which requires cloaths; opposed to the palm. 3. The outward part of the body; belly. 4. The rear oppofed to the van. 5. The place behind. 6. The part of any thing out of fight. 7. The thick part of any tool, oppofed to the edge; as, the back of a knife, or fword; whence backsword, or word with a back. 8. To turn the back on one, is to forfake him, or neglect him. 9. To turn the back is to go away; to be not within the reach of taking cognizance. BACK (from the noun.) 1. To the place from which one came. 2. Backward; from 3. Behind; not com

the prefent ftation.

3. To talk thoughtlessly; to tell fecrets. 4ing forward. 4. Toward things paft. 5.

To talk much.

Again; in return.
time.

6. Again; a fecond

It confifts of two arches, the arch of the leaft radius contains 60 degrees, and that of y having the largest radius contains three degrees. It has also three vanes; the vane at b is called the horizon vane, that at S the fhadow vane, and the vane at E is called the fight vane.

BACK WARD (bacperd, Sax.) on BACK'WARDSS at or towards the back part; alfo unwilling, loath to.

BACK WARDNESS (bacpeanonerre, Sax.) an unreadiness, an unwillingness; alfo a defectiveness in procifiency in any attain

BAG (in Traffick) a particular quantity of fome fort of commodities, as of pepper, from to 3 hundred weight, &c. BA'GAVEL

(with the citizens of BETHU'GAVEL Exeter) a certain tribute or toll granted to the citizens upon all manner of wares brought to that city to be fold, towards the paving of the streets, repairing of the walls, and maintenance of the sity.