Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB

BALDNESS (balonesre, Sax.) not having hair; alfo in regard to speech, unpolite

Dels.

BALE (balle, F.) a bundle or parcel of goods packed up for carriage.

BALE (bal, Sax. bale, Dan. bal, Icelandish) mifery; calamity.

Apoplefick BALSAM, a sweet scented spirituous fubftance of the confiftence of an ointment, a perfume.

BALSA'MUM (Báλoaμs, Gr. of y, bul,, Heb.) the balfam or balm-tree, or the juice that drops from it, that is of a most fragrant fcent, L.

To BALE, a word used by failors, who bid bale out the water; that is, lave it out, by way of diftinction from pumping.

To BALE (embeller, F. imballure, Ital.) to make up into a bale.

BALEFUL (from bale) full of mifery; fall of grief; forrowful; fad; woful. Full of mischief; deftructive. BALEFULLY (from baleful) forrowfully mischievously.

TO BALK. 1. To disappoint; to fruftrate. 2. To mils any thing. 3. To omit, or refufe, any thing; to heap as on a ridge.

BAM, at the beginning of the names of places in Great Britain, denotes the quality of the place, that it either now or formerly was woody, from the Saxon beam, which fignifies a piece of timber, as Bamfield, Bambridge, Bambury.

BAN (ban, Teut. a publick proclamation, as of profcription, interdiction, excommunication, publick fale.) 1. Public notice given of any thing, whereby any thing is publickly commanded or forbidden. This word we ufe efpecially in the publishing matrimonial contracts in the church before marriage, to the end that if any man can fay against the intention of the parties, either in respect of

BALK (among Bricklayers) a great beam, fuch as is used in building; alfo a poll or rafter over an out-house or barn. BALL (bal, F.) a publick dancing meet-kindred or otherwise, they may take their

ing.

3. Interdiction. 4. Ban of the empire; a publick cenfure by which the privileges of any German prince are suspended.

To BAN (bannen, Dut. to curfe) to curfe, to execrate.

exception in time. And, in the canon law, BALLAD (balad, F.) a fong. Banna funt proclamationes fponfi et fponfæ in BALLS (in Heraldry) a common bearing | ecclefiis fieri folita, Cowel. 2. A curfe; exin coats of arm; but always by heralds cal-communication. led by other names, according to their different colours, as ogreffes, befants, golps, guzes, harts, pellets, plates, pomeis, orenges, torteauxes; which fee in their proper places. BALLISTERS (in a Church) an inclosure of pillars, which rails in the communion table. BALLISTICKS (of ballista, L. cross-cloathing for the neck. bows or engines for cafting javelins, great ftones, &c.) the art of making such engines. BALLI VA (Old Deeds) a whole county under the jurifdiction of a sheriff; alfo a hundred with respect to the chief constable; or a manor, with respect to the steward.

BALLUSTRA'DE, a row of ballifters or small turned pillars, of such a height as a man may lean his elbow upon them; fixed upon a terrace walk or top of a building, to divide it into two or more separate parts.

BALM (with Chymists) an extract of common falt, made on the following manner. They first diffolve the falt, and having clarified it well, fet it in horfe dung for the space of two or three months, and after this it is diftill'd ftrongly with a fand heat, which produces an unctious fubftance, of a quality fo prefervative, that (it is faid) the most corruptible things being steep'd in it are preferved time out of mind; and that the dead bodies of the ancients have been preserved by it, without being reduced to a mummy. BALNEARY (balnearius, L.) belonging to baths, &c.

BALNEA TORY (balneatorius, L.) belonging to a bath or stove.

BAND (Band, Sax.) an ornament or

To BAND (Banden, Sax.) to bandy, to gather into, or confpire with a faction.

BAND of Mufick, a company or fet of musicians, united or felected for the perfor mance of a fymphony on an extraordinary occafion.

BAND of Gentlemen Penfioners, are a company of gentlemen bearing halberts, who attend immediately the king's perfon on folemn occafions.

BANDELET (with Archites) any line or flat moulding, as that which crowns the Dorick architrave; it encompaffes a pillar quite round about like a ring, is greater than a lift, but lefs than a plat-band.

BAN'DOG of band and dog) a dog kept in a band or chain; alfo a mastiff or houfedog; alfo a dog for baiting bulls, bears, &c. BANE (bana, Sax. a murderer) 1. Poi

fon.

ruin.

2. That which deftroys; mifchief,

To BANE (from the noun) to poison.
BANE FUL, poisonous, deftructive.
BANE/FULNESS, poisonoufnels, deftruc-

tiveness.

A BANTER, a jeering, a rallying by way of diverfion, &c.

BANS TICKLE, a fmall fish, called 2

BALSAM (in Pharmacy) certain liquors extracted or drawn from gums and rofiny sub-stickle back. ftauces, as nervous balfam, fciatick balfam.

To BAPTIZE (baptifer, F. from Barlik»,

Gr.) To chriften; to administer the facrament of baptifm.

5.

a

BAR (barre, F.) 1. A piece of wood, iron, or other matter, laid cross a paffage to hinder entrance. 2. Abolt; a piece of iron or wood fastened to a door, and entering into the poft or wall to hold it. 3. Any obftacle which hinders or obftructs. 4. A rock, or bank of fand, at the entrance of a harbour or river, which ships cannot fail over at low water. Any thing ufed for prevention. 6. The place where caufes of law are tried, or where criminals are judged; fo called from the bar placed to hinder crouds rom incommoding the court. 7. An inclofed place in a tavern or coffee-houfe, where the housekeeper fits and receives reckonings. 8. In Law, a peremptory exception against a demand or plea brought by the de endant in an action, that deftroys the action of the plaintiff for ever. It is divided into a bar to common intent, and a bar special: bay to a common intent, is an ordinary or general bar, that difables the declaration or plea of the plaintiff, a bar special, is that which is more than ordinary, and falls out in the cafe in hand, upon fpecial circumftance of the fact. Corvel. 9. Any thing by which the compages or structure is held together. Any thing that is laid crofs another, as bars in heraldry. 11. A bar of gold or filver, is a lump or wedge from the mines, melted down to a fort of mould, and never wrought. 12. Bars of a barfe. The upper part of the gums between the tufks and the grinders, that bears no teeth, and to which the bit is applied, and by its fruition, the horse governed. 13. Bars, in mufick, are strokes drawn perpendicularly across the lines of a piece of mufick; ufed to regulate the beating or meafure of mufical tune.

10.

BARBARIAN. Belonging to Barbarians z

favage.

BARBARICK (barbaricus, L.) Foreign far fetched.

BARBARISM (barbarimus, L.) 1. A form of speech contrary to the purity and exactnefs of any language. 2. Ignorance of arts; want of learning. 3. Brutality; favagenefs of manners; incivility. 4 Cruelty, barbarity; unpitying hardness of heart. BARBARITY (from barbarous.) 1. Savagenefs; incivility. 2. Cruelty; inhumanity. 3. Barbarism; unpurity of speech. BARBAROUS (barbare, F. Başlaç, Gr.) 1. Stranger to civility; favage; uncivilized. 2. Ignorant; unacquainted with arts. 3. Cruel; inhuman.

2.

BARBAROUSLY (from babarous.) I. Ignorantly; without knowledge of arts. In a manner contrary to the rules of speech. 3. Cruelly; inhumanly. BARBAROUSNESS (from barbaro' s.) 1. Incivility of manners. 2. Impurity of language. 3. Cruelty. BARATTA, a fort of balfam brought from the Weft Indies.

BARALLOT'S, a fect of heret'cks at Bologne in Italy, who had all things in common, even their wives and children.

BARB, a horse of the Barbary breed, much efteemed for their swift running, and therefore are much coveted for stallions; they being faid to retain their native vigour to the very last. The owners of them in Barbary preferve the genealogies of thefe Barbs, as carefully, as we do thofe of our noble families; they are faid alfo to be able to outrun an oftrich, and fome of them are bought at the pri e of two or three hundred pounds Berling.

BAR-SHOT. Two half bullets joined BARBACAN barbacane, Ital.) a canal together by an iron bar; used in fea engage- or opening left in a wall for water to come ments for cutting down the mafts and rig-in and go out at, when buildings are erected ging.

2.

To BAR (rom the noun.) 1. To faften or shut any thing with a bolt, or bar. To hinder; to obstruct. 3. To prevent. 4. To fhut out from. 5. To exclude from a claim. 6. To prohibit. 7. To except; to make an exception. 8. In law, to hinder the process of a fuit. 9. To bar a vein. This is an operation performed upon the veins of the legs of a horse, and other parts, with intent to ftop the malignant humours. It is done by opening the skin above it, dilengaging it, and tying it both above and below, and ftriking between two ligatures.

BARBARIAN (barbarus, L. It seems to have fignified at firft only foreign, or a foreigner; but, in time, implied fome degree of wildness or cruelty.) 1. A man uncivilized; untaught; a favage, 2. A foreigner. 3. A brutal moniter; a man without pity; a term of reproach.

i

in places liable to be overflowed, or to drain the water off a terrass.

BARBACAN (in Military Affairs) an aperture or cleft, made in the wails of a caftle or fortrefs to fire upon the enemy.

BAR'BARY Falcons, a kind of hawks commonly taken in Barbary, they making their paffage through that country; this bird is lefs than the Tiercel-gentle, but very bold; it is plumed with red under the wings, and armed with long talons and stretchers.

BARBE, the armour of the horses of the ancient knights and foldiers, who were accoutered at all points.

BARBS, a fort of armour for horfes, which covered the neck, breaft and crupper.

BAR BES (with bufbandmen) a diftemper in black cattle, known by a fuperfluous piece of flesh on their tongues, which fome. times hinders them from eating their meat.

BARBER Chirurgeons. They were in

corporated

corporated by king Edward IV. but confirmed by moft kings and queens fince with enlargements. Their arms are a crofs quartered Gules, a lion paffant gardant, Or, in the firft quarter a chevron bebetween three, in the fecond party per pale gent vert, a role crowned with an im pral crown, the first as the fourth, the fecond as the third.

BARBICANAGE (Old Rec.) money given for the maintenance of a barbican or watch tower.

BARDS (among the ancient Britons and Gaa's) a fort of poets who defcribed and fung in a kind of verle, the noble atchievments of great commanders and noblemen; they laboured to encourage virtue, and frequently influenced the chiefs on both sides to hearken toare.onciliation, as to the matters in ¿ference, even when the two armies were ready to join battle.

C

A

BARO'METER ( βαζόμε pov, of Beg, and METRO, Gr. meafure) an initrunient for estimating the weight or pillar of the atmosphere, and the feveral minute variations of the weight of that pillar; by which variations the various changes of the weather are determined.

[blocks in formation]

not to have any air over it, nor any bubbles adhering to the fides of the tube, which is beft done by means of a glafs funnel, with a capillary tube; the orifice of the tube, filled after this manner, so as to overflow, is closely preffed by the finger, fo as to exclude any air betwixt it and the mercury, and thus immerged in a wooden veffel of a convenient. diameter, fo however as not to touch the bottom at the distance of 28 inches from the

furface of the mercury, are fixed two plates CE, and DF, divided into two inches, and thefe again fubdivided into any number of fmaller parts. Lastly, the tube is inclofed in a wooden frame, to prevent its being broke, and the bafon open, though fecured from duft.

Many attempts have been made to render the changes in the Baremeter more fenfible, and fo to measure the atmosphere more accurately; which has given rife to a great number of Barometers of different structures. Hence comes the Wheel Barometer, Diagonal Barometer, Horizontal Barometer, P.ndant Barometer, &c.

A marine BAROMETER, being only a double Thermometer for conveniency at fea. See Thermometer.

Obfervations for the use of the Barometer.

1. The motion of the mercury in the tube does not exceed three inches in its rifing and falling.

2. The rifing of the mercury generally prefages fair weather, and its falling foul; as rain, fnow, high winds and forms.

3. The falling of the mercury in very hot weather prefages thunder.

4. The rifing of the mercury in winter, forefhews froit, and if the mercury falls three or four divifions in frofty weather, a thaw will certainly follow, but if the mercury rifes in a continued froft, fnow will follow.

5. If foon after the falling of the mercury foul weather enfues, there will be but little of it; and on the contrary, if the weather proves fair foon after the mercury has rifen, the fame will happen.

6. If the mercury rife much and high in foul weather, and continues fo for two er thice days before the foul weather is over, then continued fair weather will enfue.

7. If the mercury falls much and low in fair weather, and continues fo, for two or three days before the rain comes, then you may expect a great deal of wet, and very probabiy high winds.

8. If the mercury be unfettled in its motion, it denotes uncertain and changeable weather.

9. As to the words that are graved near the divifions of the inftrument, tho' for the most part the alterations of the weather will agree with them, yet they are not so strictly to be minded, as in the rifing and falling of the mercury according to the foregoing obfer. vations;

1 2

vations; for if the mercury ftands at much rain, and rifes up to changeable, it then forefhews fair weather, although not to continue fo long as it would have done if the mercury were higher; fo places which are more northerly have a greater alteration of the rife or fall of the mercury, than thofe that are more foutherly.

the space of three years, or pay into the Ex chequer a fum fufficient to do it, which at eight pence per day, amounts to the fum of 1095 pounds fterling.

This degree of honour is next to a Baron, and takes the precedency of all knights, except knights of the garter, and is the lowest degree of honour that is hereditary.

Wheel BARREL of the ear (with Anatomifts) a BAROME-large cavity behind the tympanum of the ear, TER, is a in depth about three or four lines, covered contrivance with a very fine membrane, on which are sevefor the apply-ral veins and arteries.

ing an index BARRELS of earth (in an Army) a fort
to the com- of half hogfheads filled with earth, which are
mon Barome-ufed as breaft-works for covering the foldiery
ter,
which and alfo to break the gabions made in the
index fhews ditch, and also to roll into breaches.

the variation

of the alti-
tude of the

BARREL of a watch. See Fuzee. Thundering BARRELS (with Gunners) barrels filled with bombs, granadoes, and other mercurial cy-fire-works, to be rolled down a breach. linder, which

at moft does
not exceed

three inches, which neverthelefs may be made as diftinguishable as if it were three feet or three yards, or as much more as is defired, the form of it is as here defcribed.

BAR'ON, is a degree of nobility, next but inferior to a viscount, but fuperior to a gentleman, anciently they were fuch as had the government of provinces committed to them, and are in probability the fame with court barons, and were immediately after the conqueft; they, if they would, might come to parliament, and were probably the fame with our court Barons now, and then fat as Peers in the upper house of parliament, call'd lords; this dignity at the first wholly depended on the king's pleasure ; but afterwards they obtained letters patent of the king, to make the title hereditary to their male iffue, and were called Barons, either by writ or creation. BARONS by Writ, were call'd alfo Barons by prefcription, because they and their ancestors have continued Barons, beyond the memory of man, and have their furnames added to the title of lord; but thofe by their patent are called after the names of their ba

ronies.

BARONS by Tenure, ate fuch as the bishops, who have baronies annexed to their bishopricks, and have the title of lords fpiritual, and take their feats in the houfe of lords.

BAR ONETS, by K. James I. in the year 1611, were created on condition of defending the province of Ulfter in Ireland, which was at that time much haraffed by the rebels, with the arms of which they were allow'd to charge their coat, and for that purpose they were to maintain 30 foldiers for

BARRENNESS (of unberend, Sax.) unfruitfulness, a not bearing.

BARREN SIGNS (with Aftrologers) the figns Gemini, Leo and Virgo, fo called because when the question is afk'd, whether such a person shall have children or not? If one of thofe figns be upon the cufp, or first point of the fifth house, they may take it for granted, that the perfon enquiring fhall have none."

BARRICA'DOES (in regular Fortification) are trees cut with fix faces, and crossed with battoons of the length of half pikes, bound with iron at the feet; to be fet up in paffages or breaches, to keep back either horfe or foot.

BAR'RIERS (in Fortification) are great stakes fet up about 10 feet distance one from another, and about 4 or 5 feet high, having transoms or overthwarth rafters

to flop fuch as would violently force their way in. These are ufually erected in void spaces between a citadel and the town, in half moons and other works.

BARRISTERS (of Bar at which they plead) are pleaders at the bar of a court of judicature, and are of two forts, either outward or utter, or inner.

Outward BARRISTER one who after Utter BARRISTER long study of the law, at least 7 years, is called to publick practice, and admitted to plead, standing without the bar.

Inner BARRISTER, one who being a ferjeant at law, or elfe an attorney of the king or prince, or any of the king's, &c. council, are allow'd out of refpect to plead within the bar.

BARYCOVA (of Bagu, dully, and do,

Gr.

Gr. to hear) a dulnefs, thickness, hardness of hearing.

BARYPHONIA (Bagupavía, Gr.) a difficulty of speaking.

BASAL TES (Baoding, Gr.) a fort of marble of an iron colour, the hardeft black marble.

BASENESS (from bafe.) 1. Meanness, vilenefs, badnefs. 2. Vilenefs of metal. Baftardy. 4. Deepnefs of found.

3.

BASILICK (Baciλinn, Gr.) a large hall, having two ranges of pillars, and two ifles or wings with galleries over them. These Bafilicks were at firft made for the palaces of princes, and afterwards converted into courts of juftice, and at laft into churches; whence a bafilick is generally taken for a magnificent

BASE (with Gunners) the fmalleft piece of ordnance; 4 feet and a half long; the diameter at the bore 1 inch 1 quarter; it weighs 203 pounds, carries a ball 1 inch 1 8th dia-church, as the bafilick of St. Peter at Rome. meter, and 5 or 6 ounces weight.

I

BASE (in Architecture) the foot of a pillar which fupports it, or that part which is under the body, and lies upon the zocle or pedestal.

BASILISK (bafilifco, Ital.) a long piece of ordnance.

BASON (with Anatomifts) a round cavity in the form of a tunnel, fituate betwixt the anterior ventricles of the brain, and ending at the point of the glandula pituitaria.

BASSO Relievo (in Masonry, Carving, Caft

BASE diftin&t (in Opticks) is that precife diftance from the pole of a convex glass, in which the objects, which are beheld throughing, &c.) i. e. Bafs or low Relief, or imbofit, appear distinct, and well defined; and is the fame with what is called the Focus. BASE Ring (of a Cannon) is the large ring next to and juft behind the touch-hole.

BASE Tenure (Law term) is holding by villenage or other cuftomary fervice, in diftinction from the higher tenure in capite, or by military fervice.

BASE, a fish, otherwife called a fea-wolf. BASE (bas, F. basso, Ital. baxo, Span. bassus, low Lat. Bár, Gr.) 1. Mean, vile, worthlefs. 2. Of mean spirit, difingenuous, illiberal, ungenerous, low, without dignity of fentiment. 3. Of low ftation, of mean account, without dignity of rank, without honour. 4. Bafe born, born out of wedlock, and by confequence of no honourable birth. 5. Applied to metals: without value; it is ufed in this fenfe of all meta! except gold and filver. 6. Applied to founds; deep, grave. It is more frequently written bafs, though the comparitive bafer seems to require bafe.

BASE-BORN. Born out of wedlock. BASE-COURT. Lower-court, not the chief court that leads to the house.

fed work, is when only half the bodies or figures are reprefented, or when the work is low, flat, or but a little raised; as when a medal or coin has its figure or imprefs low, thin, and hardly distinguishable from the plane, it is faid that the relief is low and weak; but when it is much raised, the relief is faid to be bold and ftrong.

BAS'TARD (in Law) one born of a woman unmarried, fo that the father is not known by the order of the law,

BASTARDY, an inquiry, examination or trial at law, whether one be a baftard or

not.

BASTILE (in Paris in France) the name of a prifon.

BASTION (in Fortification) a mass of earth, and fometimes faced or lined with ftone or brick, and fometimes with fods, which generally advances towards the campaign, the bounding lines of it being two faces, two flanks, and two demi-gorges, Gr.

Hollow BASTION 2 (Fortification) a Voided BASTIONS baftion having only a rampart and a parapet, ranging about its BASE-MINDED. Mean-fpirited, worth-flanks and faces, fo that a void space is left

leís.

BASE-VIOL (ufually written bafs-viol) an inftrument which is used in concerts for the base found.

towards the center.

BASTON 2 (in Architeflure) the BATTOONS fame as Torus, a round member encompaffing the bafe of a pillar between the Plinth and the Lift.

BATAVIANS, Hollanders or Dutch people, who inhabit the Low Countries called the United Provinces.

BASE (from bas, F. bafis, L.) 1. The bottom of any thing; commonly used for the lower part of a building, or column. 2. The pedeftal of a statue. 3. That part of any ornament that hangs down, as housings. BATCH'ELOR, the original of this word 4. The broad part of any body; as the bot- is much controverted by criticks; fome detom of a cone. 5. Stockings, or perhaps rive it from Bacca laurea, L. i, e. Laurel berthe armour for the legs, from bas, F. 6. ry, in allufion to the ancient custom of crownThe place from which racers or tilters run;ing poets with laurel, baccis lauri; others, the bottom of the field. 7. The firing that gives a bafe found. 8. An old ruftick play; written by Skinner, bays.

To BASE (bafier, F.) To embafe, to make lefs valuable by admixture of meaner metals. BASELY (from bafe.) 1. In a base manner, meanly, dishonourably. 2. In baftardy.

of baculus or bacillus, L. a staff, because (they fay) a ftaff was put into the hand of batchelors at their commencement, as a fymbol of their authority, of their studies being finished, and of the liberty they were reftored Hence the title of Batchelor of Arts, Divinity, Mufick, &c.

to.

BATCHE

« AnteriorContinuar »