BATCHELOR 2 (of Bas chevalier, F.) BACHELOR this title was anciently given to perfons who, ambitious to acquire honour by their valour, were fuperior in quality to efquires; but not in circumstances to raise a company of Gens de arms, and therefore ferved in the army under the standard of Banwerets, being allowed colours of their own, and to lead their vaffals,

In the ancient conftitutions of the admiralty this title was given to all under the dignity of Barons.

BATCHELOR of Arts (in Oxford) is one who has taken the first degree in the liberal arts and sciences, in order to which he is required to be a ftudent there 4 years, and in 7 years to be intitled to that of master of arts, and in 14 to be a batchelor of divinity. BATCHELOR of Arts (at Cambridge) this title there requires only 3 years study, and 6 to be master of arts, and 13 for batchelor of divinity.

BATCHELORS (in Law) the title requires the perfon to study 6 years.

BACHELORS (in War) are young foldiers, who have signalized themselves in the first campaign, and were prefented with the military or gilt fpurs.

BATCH'ELOR, in ancient times, was alfo a title given to a young cavalier, who had made his first campaign, and received the military girdle.

a

BATCHELOR (of baculus, L. a staff) title given to young military men, on account that the young cavaliers exercifed themselves with ftaffs and bucklers; hence they were called Bacculares and Bacularii, in the time of king Richard II. by Odorick and Walfingham, Hence

BATCHELORS of arms, was a title anciently given to those who came off victors in their fir engagement.

BATH'MIS (with Anatomifts) a bone, the fame as Troclea; a cavity in the bone of the arm or fhoulder on each fide one, that receives the process of the undermoft and leffer of the two bones of the cubit, when the whole hand is stretched out and bent.

BATON (in Archit.) a large ring or mouldIng in the bafe of a column, otherwife called the Tore.

To BATTER (battre, to beat, F.) 1. To beat, to beat down; frequently ufed of wails thrown down by artillery, or of the violence of engines of war. 2. To wear with beating. 3. Applied to perfons: to wear out with fer

vice.

with which a town is battered, placed in order for action. 3. The frame or raifed work, upon which cannons are mounted. BATTERY en rouge (Fortification) a battery used to difmount the enemy's cannon. BATTERY (in Law) an act that tends to the breach of the peace of the realm, by violently ftriking or beating a man, who may therefore indict the other perfon to have the action of trespaís, or affault and battery,

BATTERY (in Law) is the wrongful beating of a perfon, upon which the perfon thus injured may lay an indictment against the offender, or he may have an action of trespass; but if the plaintiff made the first affault, the defendant fhall be discharg'd, and the plaintiff fhall be amerced to the king for his falle fuit.

But all beating is not indictable or actionable, for a person may justify the beating of another for an offence, fo as moderately to correct him, as a father his child, a mafter his fervant, a fchoolmaster his pupil; fo likewise if a perfon fhall attempt to take away my goods, I may lay hands upon him; and if he will not defift, may beat him rather than let him carry them away.

Menacing or threatening begins the breach of the peace, affaulting increases it, and battery accomplishes it.

BATTOLOGIST (Balléroy, Gr.) a vain babbler.

To BAULK (Incert. Etym.) to cross, to difappoint.

BAW'DINESS, lewdnefs, obfcene difcourse or action.

BAY of Joifts (Arcbit.) the space betwixt two beams,

BAY, a part of a barn at the end where corn, &c. is laid; thus if a barn confift of a floor and two heads where they lay corn, they fay a barn of two Bays.

BAIZ, a fort of woollen cloth, having a long nap fometimes fuzzed on one fide, and fometimes not.

BAYS, the making of Bays, Says, Serges, &c. was brought into England by the Flemings, who fled hither to avoid the perfecution of the duke of Alva, about the fifth year of queen Elizabeth.

BE, a prepofition common to the Teutonic, German and Saxon, &c. diale&t; also now to the English.

TO BE (beon, Sax.) to exist.

BEAM (beam, Sax.) a ray of light proceeding from the fun or any other luminous body.

BEAN Caper, a fruit.
BEAN Treffil, an herb.

BEAR (bean, beɲa, Sax.) a wild beast.

To BEAR, pret. I bore, or bare; part. paff. bore, or born, (heenan, benan, Sax. bairan. Gothick. It is founded as bure, as the are in care and dare.) 1. This is a word

ufed

| To

11.

12.

13.

used with such latitude, that it is not eafily | explained. But as a matter of curiofity and ufefulcefs, the different fignifications fhall be given; fupported by examples from authonities, too long to be here inferted. We fay, to bear a burden, to bear forrow or reproach, to bear a name, to bear a grudge, to bear fruit, or to bear children. 2. To carry as a burden. 3. To convey or carry. 4. To carry as a mark of authority. 5. To carry as a mark of distinction. 6. To carry as in fhow. 7. To carry as in truft. 8. To fupport, to keep from falling. 9. To keep afloat. 10. To fupport with proportionate ftrength. To carry in the mind, as love, or hate. To endure, as pain, without finking. To fuffer, to undergo. 14. To permit, to faffer without refentment. 15. To be capable of, to admit. 16. To produce, as fruit. 17. To bring forth, as a child. 18. To give birth to. 19. To poffefs, as power or honour. 20. To gain, to win. 21. To maintain, to keep up. 22. To fupport any thing good or bad., 23. To exhibit. 24. To be answerable for. 25. To fupply. 26. To be the object of. 27. To behave, to act in character. 28. To hold, to reftrain. 29. To impel, to urge, to push. 30. To conduct, to manage. 31. To prefs. 32. To incite, to animate. 33. To bear a body; colour in painting. 34. To bear a date; the time when any thing was written. 35. To bear a price; to have a certain value. 36. To bear in hand; to amufe with falfe pretences, to deceive. 37. To bear off; to carry away by force. 38. To bear out; to fupport, to maintain, to defend.

To BEAR. 1. To fuffer pain. 2 To be patient. 3. To be fruitful, or prolifick. 4. To take effect, to fucceed. 5. To act in character, 6. To tend, to be directed to any point. 7. To act as an impellant, or as a reciprocal power; generally with the particles apon or against. 8. To act upon. 9. To be situated with respect to other places. 10. To bear up; to ftand firm without falling. 11. To bear with; to endure an unpleafing thing. BEAR BIER upon. BEARS (in Aftronomy) two conftellations called Urfa major and miner.

(bere, Teut.) a thing made ufe of to carry a dead corpfe

The Ship BEARS (fpoken as to her burden) when the having to lean or fender a quarter, finks too deep into the water, her freight being light, and fo of confequence san carry but a small burden.

To BEAR under anoth r Ship's Lee (Sea Pbrafe) is when a fhip, which was to the windward, comes under another fhip's ftern, and fo gives her wind.

To BEAR up round (Sea Term) is a direction to let the ship go between her two sheets, 4.rectly before the wind.

To BEAR (spoken of places) to be fituate,

as fuch a cape bears off so and sỏ from fuch a cape.

BEAR up the Helm, a direction to the fteerfman to let the fhip go more at large before the wind."

BEARD'ED Creeper, a fort of herb. BEARD'LESS (beaɲdles, Sax.) having no beard.

BEARING (in Geography and Naviga. tion) the fituation of one place from another } that is, with respect to the degrees of the horizon, which by navigators are divided into 32 equal parts, called points of the compaís, therefore when they have found what point of the compass will carry them from one place to another, they call that the bearing of that place with respect to the other.

10. To

To BEAT, preter. beat, part. paff. beat or beaten (battre, F.) 1. To ftrike, to knock, to lay blows upon. 2. To punish with stripes or blows. 3. To ftrike an instrument of mufick. 4. To break to powder, or communi→ cate by blows. 5. To ftrike bushes or ground, or make a motion to rouze game. 6. To thresh, to drive the corn out of the hufk. 7. To mix things by long and frequent agitation. 8. To batter with engines of war. 9. To dash, as water, or brush, as wind. tread a path. 11. To make a path, by mark. ing it with tracks. 12. To conquer, to fubdue, to vanquish. 13. To harrafs, to overlabour. 14. To lay or prefs, as standing corn by hard weather. 15. To deprefs, to crush by repeated oppofition; ufually with the particle down. 16. To drive by violence. To move with fluttering agitation. 18. To beat down; to endeavour by treaty to leffen the price demanded. 19. To beat down s to fink or letfen the value. 20. To beat up to attack fuddenly, to alarm. 21. To beat the hoof; to walk, to go on foot.

17.

TO BEAT. 1. To move in a pulfatory way. 2. To dafh, as a flood or storm. 3. To knock at a door. 4. To move with frequent repetitions of the fame act or stroke. 5. To throb, to be in agitation, as a fore fwelling. 6. To fluctuate, to be in agitation. 7. To try different ways, to fearch. 8. To act upon with violence. 9. To speak frequently, to repeat, to enforce by petition. 10. To beat up, as to beat up for foldiers.

BEAT, part. paff. (from the verb.) BEAT (from the verb.) 1. Stroke. 2. Manner of striking. 3. Manner of being struck; as the beat of the pulfe, or a drum.

BEATEN (from to beat.)

BEATER (from beat.) 1. An inftrument with which any thing is comminuted or mingled. 2. A perfon much given to blows.

To BECOME pret. I became, comp. pret. I have become (from by and come.) 1. To enter into fome state or condition, by a change from fome other. 2. To become of; to he the fate of, to be the end of, to be the final condition of. It is obfervable, that this

word

lieve his neceffity or promote his advantage. The virtue that answers to benefice in the giver, is gratitude in the receiver.

BENGAL (of Bengala in the Eaft-Indies) a fort of filk, &c.

BENIGN NESS (benignitas, L.) fweetness of difpofition, goodness, kindness, courtely.

BENIGHT'ED of be and nihze, Sax.) avertaken by the night or darkness; alfo darkened, blinded.

BEN'NET, an herb.

BENT (of bendan, Sax.) prone, inclined to be refolved upon; alfo bowed, crooked. BENUM'MEDNESS, a being henummed. BE'ORN (beopn, Sax. a prince or other chief man) it is a poetical word, and from it proceeds Beornred, chief in counfel, Beornod, a princely mind.

BEPIST (of be and pisset, Dan.) wetted with pifs.

BEQUEATH'MENT, a legacy. BEREA'VEMENT, a deprivation, of be. ing bereaved or deprived of any thing.

BERG (of rupy, Gr. with the anBORG cient Phrygians régy, according BURG to Mr. Baxter) fignifies a castle BYRG of a city, or a mountain fortifed with a castle, a city, any place of habitation.

BERE NICES bair (Aftron.) a conftellation called coma Berenices in the northern hemifphere, confisting of stars near the lion's

tale.

Sometimes alfo young men armed, to fhew their bravery and dexterity, undertook thefe encounters, and fometimes with those of their own fpecies, and fome again practifed this fort of sport for the fake of money. To BESTREW' of strepian, Sax.) to ftrew, to scatter about.

TO BESTRIDE (of be and rtræden, Sax.) to get up aftride on a horfe, &c. BÉTHOUGHT (of be Bencan, Sax.) did call to mind.

BEVEL angle, fignifies any angle that is neither go nor 45 degrees.

BEVY of Partridges (with Fowlers) 3 in a flock.

BEVY (in a Metaphorical fenfe) is a knot or company of perfons, as a bevy of golfips, of knaves, &c.

To BEWILDER (of be and vildernesse, Sax, a wilderness) to scare, to affright, to put into confufion.

BEY, a governor of a maritime town or country in the Turkish empire.

Oriental BEZO'AR, is that which comes from feveral parts of the East Indies.

Occidental BEZOAR, is what is brought from the Weft Indies from Peru, and is found in the belly of feveral animals peculiar to that country.

German BEZOAR, is found in the ftomach of fome cows, especially in the Chamois and Ifard. Some weigh 18 ounces, but it is not of much efteem in medicine.

BEZOAR'DICK remedies (in Medicine) cordial medicines or remedies or antidotes a gainft poifon or infectious distempers.

BIANGULOUS (biangulus, L.) having

two corners.