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THE

New Univerfal Etymological

ENGLISH

DICTIONARY:

CONTAINING

An Additional Collection of Words (not in the First Volume) with their Explications and Etymologies from the Original Languages, each in its proper Character.

ALSO

An Explication of Hard and Technical Words, or Terms, in all ARTS and SCIENCES, properly Accented.

ILLUSTRATED

With Two Hundred and Sixty CUTS.

To which is added,

A DICTIONARY of CANT WORDS

By N. BAILEY.

VOL. II.

The FIFTH EDITION,

Corrected, and much improved throughout, by the Addition of Great Variety of Examples, explaining the true Significations of the Words, taken from the beft Authors.

By Mr. BUCHANAN.

LONDON:

Printed for W. JOHNSTON, in Ludgate-Street.
M DCC LX.

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A NEW

Etymological and Explanatory

ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

A

A

a Roman Character, Aa Italick, Aa Old English, A a Greek, Hebrew, are the first letters of the alphabet; and in all languages, ancient and modern, the character appropriated to the fame found, is the first letter, except in the Abyffine, i. e. a people of Ethiopia.

This letter has in the English language, three different founds, the broad, open, and flender; the broad resembling the German a in our monofyllables all, wall, malt, falt; in which a is pronounced as au in cause, or ew in law; many of which words were anciently written with an, as fault, walk; which happens to be ftill retained in fault.

A open, not unlike the a of the Italians, is found in father, rather, and more obfcurely in fancy, faßt, &c.

A flender or clofe is the peculiar a of the English language, refembling the found of the French e mafculine, or diphthong ai in pari, or perhaps a middle found between them, or between the a and e, as in the words place, face, wafte, and all those that terminate in ation; as relation, nation, generation.

A is fhort, as grafs, glass; or long, as graze, glaze; it is marked long, generally, by an e final, as plane, or by an i added, as plain.

A is fometimes redundant; as arife, aroufe, awake, the fame with rife, roufe, wake. A [among Logicians] is used to denote an univerfal affirmative propofition; according to the verfe,

Afferit A, negat E, verum generaliter amba.

Thus in the first mood, a fyllogifm confifting of three univerfal affirmative propofitions, is faid to be in Bar-ba-ra. The A thrice repeated denoting fo many of the propofitions to be univerfal.

A B

A or AA or Æ (with Physicians) ia used in prescriptions, and denotes fimply equal parts of the ingredients therein mentioned.

to fignify Amalgama or Amalgamation.
AAA (with Chymifts) is fometimes used

names, is generally a contraction of Abboz,
AB, at the beginning of English Saxon
i. e. an Abbot or Abby; fo that as to the
cluded, that the place belonged to a monaftery
names of places, it may be generally con-
elfewhere, or that there was one there.

AB (of N, a father, Heb.) according month of their civil, and the 5th of their to the Jewish computation, is the 11th ecclefiaftical year, which latter begins with the month Nifan, and the former answering to part of our July.

The Jews obferve the first day of this month as a faft, on account of the death of ing of Solomon's temple by the Chaldeans; Aaron, and the 9th on account the burnand alfo of the building of the second temple, after the captivity by the Romans: and allo in remembrance of the edict of the emperor Adrian, whereby they were banished out of towards Jerufalem, tho' at a diftance, with Judea, and forbid fo much as to look back defign to lament the ruin of it.

They have also a notion, that on this day, from the camp, returned to the camp and the perfons who were fent as fpies by Joshua engaged the people in rebellion.

month as a faft, on account of the going out
They likewife obferve the 18th of this
the time of king Abaz.
of the lamp in the Sanctuary that night, in

table, anciently used in calculations: this was
ABACUS (Abaxos, Gr.) a counting
fometimes a board covered with fand, duft,
&c. fifted evenly upon it, on which Geome
tricians, &c. used to draw their schemes.

B

ABACUS

· ABACUS (in Architecture) is the uppermoft member or capital of a column, which ferves as a fort of crowning both to the capital and column, tho' fome erroneoufly make it to be the capital itself.

The ABACUS is fomething different, in different orders. It is a flat fquare member in the Tufcan, Dorick, and ancient Ionick orders. In the richer orders, the Corinthian and Compofit, it lofes its native form, having its four fides or faces, arch'd or cut inward with fome ornament, as a rofe, fome other flower, a fifh's tail, c.

But there are other liberties taken in the Abacus, by feveral architects. Some make it a perfect Ogee in the Ionick, and crown it with a fillet. In the Dorick, fome place a Cymatium over it, and fo do not make it the uppermost member. In the Tuscan order, where it is the largest and most maifive, and takes up one third part of the whole capital, they fometimes call it the Die of the capital: and Scamozzi ufes the name Abacus for a concave moulding in the capital of the Tufcan pedestal.

To ABANDON (F. abandonner, derived, according to Menage, from the Italian abandonare; which fignifies to forfake his colours; bandum (vexillum) deferere. Palquier thinks it a coalition of a ban donner, to give up to a profcription: in which fenfe we at this day mention the Ban of the empire. Ban, in our old dialect, fignifies a curfe; and to abandon, if confidered as a compound between French and Saxon, is exactly equivalent to diris devovere) fignifies, according to the different authors, 1. To give up, refign, or quit to. 2. To defert. 3. To forfake, generally with a tendency to an ill fense.

To ABANDON over, to give up to, to refign.'

ABANDONED, given up, forfaken, deferted; corrupted in the highest degree, given up to wickedness.

ABANDONMENT (abandonnement, F.) 1. The act of abandoning. 2. The flate of being abandoned.

To ABA'SE (Sea term) to lower or take in, as to lower or take in a flag.

ABA'SED (in Heraldry) is a term ufed of the vol or wing of eagles, &c. when the top or angle looks downwards towards the point of the fhield; or when the wings are thut: the natural way of bearing them being fpread with the tip pointing to the chief or the angles.

A Bend, a Cheveron, a Pale, &c. are faid to be abafed, when their points terminate in or below the centre of the fhield.

An Ordinary is faid to be abafed, when below its due fituation.

To ABATE (from the F. abbatre, to beat down.) 1. To leffen, to diminish. 2. To deject, or deprefs the mind. 3. In commerce, to let down the price in felling, fome

times to beat down the price in buying.

To ABATE, to grow lefs; as, his paffion abates; the storm abates. It is used fometimes with the particle of before the thing leffened; a difeafe abates of its virulence.

To ABATE (in common Law) it is in law used both actively and neuterly, as to abate a caftle, to beat it down. To abate a writ, s by fome exception to defeat or overthrow it. A ftranger abateth, that is, entereth upon a houfe or land, void by the death of him, that laft poffeffed it, before the heir take his poffeffion, and fo keepeth him out. Wherefore, as he who putteth out him in poffeffion, is faid to diffife; fo he that steppeth in between the former poffeffor and his heir, is faid to abate. In the neuter fignification thus the writ of the demandant faall abate; that is, fhall be difabled, frustrated, or overthrown.

ABATEMENT of bonour (with Heralds) is fometimes an abfolute reverfion or overturning of the whole efcutcheon, or else only a mark of diminution, as a Point dexter parted tenne, a Goar finifter, a Delf, &c. Thefe marks must be either tawney, or murrey; otherwife instead of diminutions, they become additions of honour.

AB'BESS (of 'Abaleia, Gr. Abutesse, Sax.) a Governess of nuns.

ABBEY (of baltia, Gr. Abbornice, ABBY Sax. a government or kingdom) a convent or monaftery, a house for religious perfons.

AB'BOT (of Abos, Sax.) the chief ruler of an abbey of monks and friars, who were at first lay perfons, and fubject to the bishop and ordinary priefts of the diocefe, in which the monastery or abby was built; and these being for the most part in remote and folitary places, they had no concern in the affairs of the church; but like other lay men were used to attend divine fervice in their refpective parish churches on Sundays and holy-days; and if the abby was at too great a distance from the parish church, then a priest was sent to them to adminifter the Sacrament.

Bishop ABBOTS, abbots, whofe abbies have been erected into bishopricks.

Cardinal ABBOTS, abbots, who are also called cardinals.

Commendatory ABBOTS, or abbots in Commendam, are feculars, and do not perform any fpiritual offices, nor have any fpiritual jurifdiction over their monks, altho' they have undergone the tonfure, and are obliged by their bulls to take the orders, when they come of age.

Crozier'd ABBOTS, are fuch as bear the crofier or paftoral staff.

Mitred ABBOTS, are fo called, because they wear a mitre when they officiate, and are independent upon any perfon but the pope, being free from the bishops's jurifdiction, and having the fame authority within their bounds,

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ABBUTTALS (of aboutire, F. to limit er bound, or of butan or onbutan, Sax.) the bettings and boundings of lands, highways, E. either towards the east, weft, north, or fourh

ABDICA'TIVE (abdicativus, L.) belonging to abdication; also negative. ABDOMEN (of abdo, L. to hide, and ementum, the caul.)

ABDO'MEN (with Anatomifts) the lowermoft of the three Ventres, or great cavities, which contains the ftomach, liver, bladder, pleen, guts, &c.

A BELE-tree (with Botanists) a finer kind of white poplar.

A'BER (Old British) the fall of a leffer water into a greater, as of a brook into a river, a river into a lake or fea. The mouth of a river; as Aberconway, &c.

ABERE-MURDER (of abeɲe appareat, and moɲs murder, Sax.) plain or downright murder, in diftinétion from manslaughter and chance medley.

ABETITORS (in Law) are alfo those perfans, who without caufe procure others to fue out falfe appeals of felony or murder against perfons, that they may thereby render them infamous.

ABGATORIA (of abgbittin, Irish) the alphabet A B C, &c.

obedience or the affiftance of a subject to any other perfon claiming a right to the crown in prejudice of the king then reigning

To AB'LEGATE ablegatum, L.) to fend abroad upon fome employment; alfo to fend a perfon out of the way that one is weary of, AB'LENESS (of bibilitas, L.) capablenefs to perform.

AB'LUENT (abluens, L.) washing away cleanfing.

ABLU'TION, a cleanfing or purifying by

washing.

This ceremony was firft ufed by the Jewish priefts before the offering of facrifice; for which purpose king Solomon made a great laver or sca of brass, into which the priests having first thrown the afhes of the facrifice, they wash'd themselves.

The ancient Romans likewife, in imitation of this ceremony, were wont to wash their head, hands, feet, or whole body, before they began the office of Lacrififing.

The modern Roman Catbolicks apply it to what the priest, who confecrates the water or host, washes his hands with; and also to that fmall quantity of vine and water that they drink after fwallowing the wafer or host to wash it down.

ABNEGATION, a denying a matter point

blank.

ABOMINABLE (abominari, according to the native fenfe of the word, from ab and omen, L. fignifies to account a thing for an ill omen, or an unlucky fign, and therefore to pray against it by certain forms of speech) fit or deferving to be abhorred, loathed or hated.

To ABOM'INATE (abominari, of ab and To ABHOR (abborrco, L.) to hate with omen) properly fignifies to take a thing for an acrimony; to deteft to extremity; to loath.ill fign or unlucky omen; to pray against it, ABHORRENCE (from abbor) 1. The or with the contrary, by certain forms and aft of abborring, deteftation, 2. The dif- fpeeches; we ufe it for to abhor, hate or pofition to abbor, hatred. loath.

ABHORRENCY. The fame with ab

barrence.

ABHORRENT (from abbor) 1. Struck with abborrence. 2. Contrary to, foreign, inconfiftent with; it is ufed with the particles free or to, but more properly with from. ABHORRER (from abbor) the perfon that abbors, a hater, detefter.

ABILITY (babileté, F.) 1. The power to do any thing, whether depending upon fkill, or riches, or strength, or any other quality. 2. Capacity. 3. When in the plural number, Abilities frequently fignify the faculties or powers of the mind, and fometimes the force of understanding given by nature, as diftinguifhed from acquired qualifications. To AB JUGATE (abjugatum, L.) to unyoke, to uncouple.

ABJURATION (in our Old Cuftoms) fignified a voluntary banishment of a man's felf from his native country or kingdom for ever. ABJURATION (in a Law Senfe) fignifies a folemn promising, never to yield or give

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ABON (with the ancient Britains) A'VONS fignified a river, and was a general name for all rivers.

To ABORT (aborto, L.) to bring forth before the time; to mifcarry.

ABORTION (abortio, L.) 1. The act of bringing forth untimely. a. The produce of an untimely birth.

ABORTIVE, that which is born before the due time.

ABORTIVE (abortivus, L.) 1. That which is brought forth before the due time of birth. 2. Figuratively, that which fails for want of time. 3. That which brings forth nothing.

ABORTIVELY (from abortive) born without the due time; immaturely; untimely. ABORTIVENESS (from abortive) the ftate of abortion.

ABORTMENT (from abort) the thing brought forth out of time; an untimely birth. ABORTION (with Gardeners) a term used of fruits that are produced too early before their time, as trees happening to be blasted by

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