cognized him, notwithstanding his disguise, as he knocked at the door of an inn in Southwark. Lord Capel crossed the Thames, and the watermen tracked him to a house in Lambeth, where he was recaptured. Colonel Middleton,who was a prisoner at Newcastle, broke out of confinement, and fled into Scotland. "Sir Kenelm Digby," says Selden, was several times taken, and let go again, during the civil wars. At last he was imprisoned in Winchester-house. I can compares him to nothing but a great fish, that we catch and let go again, but still he will come to the bait; at last, therefore, we put him into some great pond for store."

CROMWELL.

E. M. A.

THERE is little doubt that the Protector always went privately armed; indeed, we have many strange stories of his having done so. In the year 1655, Cromwell being recommended by his physician (Dr. Bates) to take violent exercise, acted as his own coachman, and drove his carriage in Hyde. Upon one occasion the horses suddenly took fright, and threw the Protector from the coachbox on to the pole, when he was dragged some distance before he could be extricated. A pistol, which he carried in his pocket, went off, but luckily did him no injury. Much wit was exhausted by the cavaliers upon this accident, and songs were made and sung upon the Protector's bad coachmanship.

FEUDAL VIRTUES.

E. M. A.

FEUDAL times are those of gigantic vices, and of no less colossal virtues. Great wrongs are then committed; but great examples of benevolence are, perhaps, from that very circumstance, as common. They present a picture in which the figures are bold and the expression forcible, if the colouring be not harmonious, nor the design possessed of chasteness and unity. The lights are scattered, yet vigorous and dazzling and intense; but the shadowing is proportionably gloomy and sombre, though not unpicturesque. Like the baronial mansions, the relics of these ages, which still brave, in sullen, hoar magnificence the destructive ravages of time, and the sacrilegious hand of "Improvement," they frown, from the lofty height of Antiquity, upon the smiling, but comparatively tame landscape presented by the aspect of modern manners, as contrasted with their barbaric grandeur. Comfort was

not then understood. Security was the paramount object of desire. All the modifications of society and manners, and all the gradations of rank, were coloured by this feeling-this wish and aim. The wind might whistle through the dreary hall unheeded, if the crannies by which it entered were impervious to a foe; and the exhalations of the castle ditch, how pestilential soever, were unnoticed, if that moat was broad and deep enough to set besiegers at defiance. Still, with all their inconveniences, to these ages the imagination turns with fondness:they were rude ;-but they were poetical! B.

CIVILIZATION.

WHAT is Civilization? Is it a relish for learning; a taste for the fine arts; a more refined humanity, or a knowledge of vastly more extended limits to varied enjoyments than uncivilized life admits of? It is all these; for all these are but component parts of the great aggregate of wants and acquirements, which we dignify by the name of Civilization. A definition, to be either clear, striking, or correct, must, however, be no less comprehensive than the above series, but also much more forcible, because much more brief. Let us try to arrive at one for the term in question.

What then contra distinguishes an early from an advanced stage of society; or, in other words, a savage and a civilized period in the history of nations? The substitution of the energy of the mind for the vigour of the body; mental strength for that which is purely corporeal; thought for power, argument for force.-But the intellectual capabilities of foresight, memory, imagination and cunning, or arrangement of plan, are often found developed, in a state of semi-barbarism, in a great, or even greater degree of vigour than we find them ever able to attain under the culture of experience, and the care of study.

-True:-But let us look to the application of these powers, granting that they are sometimes possessed in equal strength in either state of society, or that they are inherent in our nature, and only ask for circumstances of development. Amusement is the pursuit of all. The desire for it can only be reckoned second to the physical appetites of our frame.-" Good, ease, content, whate'er its name," it is the ultimate object at which all aim; for pleasure is but the sensation we receive from amuse

ment. This, then, is our standard of character-the only infallible, because the only universal one. The human sacrifice the captive's torments - an annihilating warfare waged against the brute creation, and perpetual hostilities and deadly combats, are the amusements of uncivilized or savage life-the only ones. Of those of a state of civilization, the latter form but a part: The gratification of taste-the refinement of inteltect, the more tranquil excitation of the senses speaking to the mind, are the predominating ones. Literature-Philosophy Science, though ostensibly pursued from different motives, and cultivated for different ends, yet ultimately verge to this centre, from which they had radiated; for they only furnish, through the medium of utility, the means of enjoying pleasure, or, in other words, amusement. Civilization is, then, it appears to me, best measured by the modifications of our amusements -It is -a taste for refinement in pleasure.

FIRE AND WATER;

A.

A gusty September day was drawing to a close; and the prospect from the little cabin on the sea-coast, where our story opens, was unusually bleak for the season. The house was situated in a nook, at the foot of a range of high hills, which bounded the view on three sides, while on the fourth nothing met the eye but the monotonous ocean, for ever rolling its surges to the shore. The hills, behind the cabin, were sandy and barren, and afforded scanty nourishment to the dwarf pines and cedars which clothed their ridgy sides. Whatever soil of a more fertile kind once covered them, had been washed by many a storm to the area below, which was enclosed and cultivated as a vegetable garden, and yielded hardly enough to pay the labourer for his toil.

The day in question was blustering and cold, and contrasted strongly with the previous one, when not a breath of wind had mitigated the fervor of the sun,

which glared on the burning waters and sparkling sands, till the air quivered like the atmosphere of a furnace, and objects seen through it had a vibratory and dazzling appearance. But with that suddenness of change, so frequent in our climate, this sultry day was succeeded by one uncomfortably cold, and a person might almost fancy he had passed in a night from September to January, or from the torrid to the frigid zone. A dense volume of smoke poured from the chimney of the little cabin, and diffusing itself over the hill in the rear, added to the indistinctness of the dusky landscape. The ocean was roughened by billows, which, at a distance, leaped and tumbled in multitudinous confusion, and as they approached the shore, extended into long curling ridges, which rolled up and broke upon the beach, with a sullen and melancholy roar. The sky was overcast, and a driving scud floated so low, that it seemed to touch the summit of the hills as it hurried by. As night approached, the wind grew more chilly, and it had that damp and clammy feeling which characterizes our easterly storms.

At some distance to the left of the cabin, a group of seamen sat on the beach, under the lee of a spur or projection of one of the hills. At anchor, opposite to them, just beyond the break of the surf, lay a small schooner, the size and model of which, her taunt, raking masts, sharp bows, and general trig appearance, shewed she was one of those fine sea-boats, in which our hardy pilots cruise off for weeks together, and brave all the vicissitudes and perils of the sea. She lay rolling and heaving in the swell with an easy motion, and floated on the surface, as light and buoyant as a cork. A small boat, painted in the same fashion with the schooner, was hauled up, and turned bottom upwards on the beach, furnishing a rest, against which some of the men carelessly leaned, while others trimmed a fire, the smoke of which rolled up from the midst of the circle.

"We shall have a gale to-night," said one of them, as he eyed the weather, and held the back of his skinny hand to the wind, with the knowing air of an experienced seaman; "it will blow great guns before morning."

"Yes, and I'm thinking," said another, turning his eyes seaward, "that yonder black privateer-looking craft in the offing had better stand out for searoom, instead of backing and filling round here, like a cooper round a water-cask. If she don't mind her weather-helm,

she'll be slap ashore before she's much older."

"She's a regular beauty, any how," observed a third. "She's as trim as a lady, and sets the water like a duck. She stays like a top, too, and lays dead up in the wind's eye. Now do but mind her spring her luff."

"She's a suspicious craft, though; d-n my chainplates, if she is n't," said the first speaker, who was a rough, redfaced man, somewhat stricken in years, with small gray eyes, that twinkled deep in their sockets, and a mouth like a mackerel's; "I hauled my wind, and ran under her counter: but she didn't want a pilot-no, not she!-and didn't even tip me a thank'e for my pains." "What thundering short tacks she makes!" said another of the group. "There, she's heaving about again. Ay, that's the way to rub her copper bright, and keep all hands busy, like the devil in a gale of wind."

"They'll have business enough on their hands, if old Chase gets the word I sent up," replied the elderly man. "If the cutter only runs down to take a look at that brig, she'll bring her to in short order, and make her sing small."

"Here's a hulabaloo!" said the one who had before spoken of the beauty of the craft, which furnished the theme of conversation. "Can't a vessel lie offand-on for a day or two, waiting, perhaps, for some word from her owner or consignee, without being suspected as a pirate?"

"Pirate or no pirate, you mind my words," said the old man; "if the cutter comes down, yonder black and rakishlooking chap will be off like a shot off a shovel."

"I wish the honest fellows aboard of her could hear you palaver, Bill Sneering; if they wouldn't clew up your jaw-tacks, I'm mistaken. They'd shew you their papers, and you might n't find it easy to read them, either."

"Honest fellows, do you say?-honest devils! A set of piratical rogues, I'll engage, with fingers like fish-hooks, that hold all they touch. And see, yonder's the fellow that has been staying at Jim Fisher's cabin these three days past just the time when the queer-looking craft has been dodging about. I shouldn't wonder if he had something do with her."

"Small helm, Bill, small helm! What's the use of yawing about in that style? There's no telling which way you'll drive next. What has the young man done, that you must let fly a shot at him?"

"What? why what is he doing here, alone, and without any acknowledged business? Why does he bear away when any one sheers alongside of him, as if he was afraid to shew the cut of his jib? And why does he keep such a bright lookout for that brig from morning to night, tacking when she tacks, and watching all her motions, as close as a shark does a Guinea-ship? I tell you what, that 'mawphrodite yonder is either a smuggler or pirate, and that young fellow has more to do with her than he cares to have known."

"Come, side out for a bend!" said one of the group, rising to his feet. "Avast, Bill Sneering, and take a turn o' that. Come, lads, let's freshen the nip all round, and then be off. It is time we were under way."

So saying, he drew from underneath the boat a bottle and tin cup, poured out a draught, and tossed it off. As he finished, he drew a long breath, and attested the excellence of the beverage with a hearty smack. The others either did not understand the meaning of this eulogium, or were not disposed to trust their comrade's evidence. Every man chose to judge for himself, and that the decision might rest on a proper foundation, they gave the matter a full trial, each helping himself to such a portion of the contents of the bottle as might leave no doubt as to its quality. This grave business duly despatched, they turned their boat upon its keel, ran it into the surf, and returned to their little schooner, the white canvass of which soon glanced at a distance, like a sea-bird on the edge of the horizon.

In the meanwhile, the individual who had been, in part, the subject of conversation among these pilots, continued to walk along the beach, pausing now and then to gaze seaward over the wide waste of billows, which tossed their foaming crests about, like a turbaned host in all the confusion of a slaughterous fight. He was a pale young man, of a slender figure, and rather above the middle size. His mouth had a mingled expression of sweetness and irascibility; the one, probably, the effect of natural temper, and the other of ill health. His brown hair clustered thickly round a high and pallid brow, on which the lines of anxious thought were imprinted.

The vessel to which he occasionally turned his gaze was such a craft as a seaman's eye delights to look upon. Her long and graceful hull, of unmingled blackness, was formed on the best model

of marine symmetry; and her spars ascended to a height which, to an unpractised observer, might seem to threaten continual danger. She was of that description of vessels which combine the character of brig and schooner. Forward, she was a brig; and her sails, gradually decreasing as they rose one above another, dwindled at last almost to a point, and presented an appearance like the surface of a pyramid. Abaft, her mast was formed of one long taper spar, (a noble stick!) which raked so far over that it seemed in danger of falling, and yet supported a sail of such extent that it might have furnished a main-course for a frigate of the largest class.

The motions of this vessel had in truth something in them well calculated to attract attention. At one time, with her yards braced sharp to the wind, she would stretch far out at sea, until the proportions of her figure were lost in the cloudy atmosphere, and she appeared but as a speck on the verge of the ocean. Then squaring away before the breeze, she would thrash along at a furious rate towards the shore, nor haul her wind until she seemed on the very point of plunging among the breakers. Her yards would then swing round, as if by sail magic, and in a moment, with every one braced up, she would again plough her seaward course, her taper spars bending like wands under their pressure, and her keel leaving behind a broad track of snow-white foam to attest the velocity of her motion.

The manœuvres of this vessel strongly attracted the attention of the young man on the beach. It might have been that the abstract beauty of the spectacle won his admiration; for surely there are few objects of more true grace and majesty, or that are connected with more interesting associations, than a stately and well-managed bark, defying the turbulence of the ocean, and compelling even the adverse gale to speed her on her way. Or the interest with which he viewed her, might have been because there was nothing else on which his eyes could repose with pleasure. The hills behind were rough and sterile, and looked dark and gloomy through the heavy air; the shore was sandy and uncultivated, save one little plot; and the sea, in all its wide extent, except that solitary bark, presented nothing to his view but a desolate prospect of black and tumbling waves deep calling unto deep, with a wild and melancholy sound.

Even the one object of interest which his eye dwelt upon, soon faded from sight. The graceful movements of the vessel grew indistinct-her neat proportions were swallowed up in the increasing dusk of evening, and the stranger at length turned, and pursued his way to the little cabin.

A

It was a low-browed building, of rude exterior. Its side and roof were blackened by many an easterly storm, the dampness of which had also caused them to be overgrown by a species of moss. Implements stood about, which denoted the occupation of the inhabitant. net was stretched on poles to dry; a skiff lay bottom upwards near the house; a rake, such as are used in taking oysters, leaned against the eaves; and various rods and other kinds of fishing-tackle were scattered round. Within, however, the aspect of things was more cheery. The furniture was of the simplest sort, and every thing was humble; but the greatest neatness pervaded the cottage, giving to it that air of true comfort without which, neatness can never exist, and shewing that the part under female superintendence, at least, was properly conducted. And thus it always is. There is no condition of which woman is not the better angel. How poor an abiding-place this world would be, were her care withdrawn! Men may manage the business of existence, but its elegancies are her handiwork. He may throw her off in the hours of strife and tumult; but how few would be his intervals of peace and repose, without her smile to enliven his hearth, and her hand to smooth his pillow? The other ingre dients in the cup of life he may mingle himself, but she drops into it its balm.

Soon after reaching the cabin, the stranger joined the fisher and his family at their simple repast, of which he partook with an appetite he had earned by his walk. He then retired to his own apartment, and drawing a little table to the fire, threw fresh fuel on the expiring flames, and sat down before them. The wind roared dismally round the corners of the house, and the roar of the ocean swelled the mournful wail. These sounds, perhaps, gave the tone to his thoughts, the shadows of which mounted to his face, and betrayed their nature. He leaned his head on his hand, and his contracted brow and compressed lip, shewed he was revolving painful subjects. Once or twice, as the casements jarred, or the wind swept in an abrupt and louder gust, he started from his