religion of Arminius, his parishioners, who still retained the faith of Calvin, thought proper to dismiss him about the year 1737. From Eastham he removed to Boston, where he kept a private grammar-school. He died aged between ninety and a hundred." Mr. Osborn was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Crocker, who was ordained in 1739. Mr. Crocker died in 1772, and was succeeded by Rev. Jonathan Crocker the same year. Orleans is of very irregular form, the lines being deeply indented with coves and creeks. There are several islands in Pleasant Bay which belong to this town, the largest of which is Pochet, and is perhaps the best land in the township. The face of the land is uneven; but the hills are not very high, and the soil is generally barren and sandy, and the roads here, as in most towns in this vicinity, are, on account of the sand, tedious and heavy. There are 4 churches in the town, 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. Population 1,936. Distance 20 miles easterly from Barnstable and 85 S. E. from Boston. The e were in 1837 fifty establishments for the manufacture of salt, which manufactured 21,780 bushels; 33 vessels were employed in the cod and mackerel fishery; 20,000 quintals of cod-fish and 6000 barrels of mackerel were taken. In the fishery, 264 hands were employed. The following is from an account of Orleans in the Collections of the Mass. Hist. Soc. Sept. 1802 : "Clams are found on many parts of the shores of New England, but nowhere in greater abundance than at Orleans. Formerly five hundred barrels were dug here for bait; but the present year 1000 barrels have been collected. Between one and two hun dred of the poorest of the inhabitants are employed in this business; and they receive from their employers three dollars a barrel for digging the clams, opening, salting them, and filling the casks. From 12 to 18 bushels of clams in the shell must be dug, to fill, when opened, a barrel. A man by this labor can earn seventy-five cents a day; and women and children are also engaged in it. A barrel or clams are worth six dollars; the employers, therefore, after deducting the expense of salt and the casks, which they supply, still obtain a handsome profit. A thousand barrels of clams are equal in value to six thousand bushels of Indian corn, and are procured with no more labor and expense. When therefore the fishes, with which the coves of Orleans abound, are also taken into consideration, they may justly be regarded as more beneficial to the inhabitants, than if the space which they occupy was covered with the most fertile soil." PROVINCETOWN. "CAPE COD, now Provincetown, was originally a part of Truro. In 1714 it was made a district or precinct, and put under the constablerick of that town." It was incorporated into a township, by. the name of Provincetown, in 1727, and invested with peculiar privileges the inhabitants being exempted from taxation. At that time, and for 10 or 12 years after, it was a flourishing place, containing a number of dwelling-houses and stores. Not long after this period the inhabitants began to forsake the town; and before the year 1748 it was reduced to two or three families. In 1755 it contained about ten dwelling-houses. In 1776 there were in it 36 families, 205 souls, and about 20 dwelling-houses. It remain ed in a state of depression during the revolutionary war, but after 1 its close it gradually rose to a state of prosperity. Mr. Spear was the first minister at Provincetown, but he was compelled to follow the removal of his congregation. In 1774, Rev. Samuel Parker was ordained here, and for twelve years received annually fortyfive pounds from the government. After that period the pastor has been supported entirely by the inhabitants. Provincetown is situated on the end of the peninsula of Cape Cod, and lies in the form of a hook. It averages about three miles and a half in length and two and a half in breadth. The township consists of beaches and hills of sand, eight shallow ponds, and a great number of swamps. Cape Harbor, in Cape Cod Bay, is formed by the bending of the land nearly round every point of the compass, and is completely landlocked and safe. It is of sufficient depth for ships of any size, and it will contain more than three thousand vessels at once, and is a place of great importance to navigation in this quarter. This was the first harbor the Mayflower touched at on her passage to Plymouth in 1620. This place has about 6000, tons of fishing and 400 tons of coasting vessels. The fares of fish in 1834 amounted to about 45,000 quintals of cod, and 17,000 barrels of mackerel. This place gives employment to about one thousand men and boys. There are three houses of worship: 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, and 1 Congregationalist. Population 2,049. In 1837 there were 78 establishments for making salt, 48,960 bushels manufactured; 98 vessels were employed in the cod and mackerel fishery; 51,400 quintals of cod-fish and 18,000 barrels of mackerel were taken, and one thousand one hundred and thirteen hands were employed in the fisheries. Thirty-five of this number went out in the two whale ships sent from this place. Provincetown stands on the north-western side of the harbor, on the margin of a beach of loose sand. The houses are mostly situated on a single street, about two miles in length, passing round near the water's edge. A chain of sand hills rise immediately back from the houses. These hills are in some places partially covered with tufts of grass or shrubs, which appear to hold their existence by a frail tenure on these masses of loose sand, the light color of which strongly contrasts with few spots of deep verdure upon them. These hills, with the numerous wind or salt mills, by which the salt water is raised for evaporation, thickly studding the shore throughout the whole extent of the village, gives this place a most singular and novel appearance. The following cut is from a sketch taken in the village street, and shows its characteristic appearance. The houses are mostly one story in height, and, with their out-buildings, stand along on the street, apparently without much of an effort at order or regularity. Interspersed among the houses and by the side of the street are seen the numerous flakes or frames on which the cod-fish are dried. These frames are about two or three feet in breadth, and stand up from the ground about two feet, having sticks or slats laid across them, on which the fish are laid. The street is narrow, irregular, and has scarcely the appearance of being a carriage road.* Upon stepping from the houses the foot sinks in the sand, which is so light that it drifts about the houses, fences, &c., very similar to snow in a driving storm. Although near the ocean on every side, the inhabitants obtain good water by digging a moderate depth a few feet from the shore. Provincetown is 10 leagues or 30 miles N. E. of Barnstable, about 9 leagues or 27 miles across to Plymouth, and about 116 miles by land and 50 by water to Boston. [From the Boston Post Boy, Feb. 19, 1739.] We have advice from Province-Town on Cape Cod, that the whaling season is now over with them, in which there has been taken in that Harbor six small whales, and one of a larger size about six foot bone: beside which 'tis said two small whales have been killed at Sandwich, which is all that has been done in that business in the whole Bay. 'Tis added, that seven or eight families in Province-Town, among whom are the principal inhabitants, design to remove from that place to Casco-Bay in the spring of the year. [Boston Post Boy, July 27, 1741.] "Province-Torn, July 14.-On the 4th of this month one of the town discovered a considerable quantity of Ice on the north side of a Swamp, in this place, who broke off a Piece, and carried it several miles undissolved to the Tavern keeper, who for his pains treated him with a bowl of punch for his pains." The following inscription is copied from a monument standing in a deep depression among the sand hills in the village grave-yard. It is probably the oldest in the place, and stands in one of the few verdant spots in the vicinity : Here lies interred the remains of Capt. John Tallcott of Glausenbury in Connecticut, son to Deacon Benjamin Tallcott who died here in his return after the victory obtained at Cape Breton, A. D. 1745, in the 41st year of his age. SANDWICH. THE settlement of this town was commenced by quite a number of families, from Saugus or Lynn, in 1637. The original grant of *So rarely are wheel carriages seen in the place that they are a matter of some curiosity to the younger part of the community. A lad, who understood navigating the ocean much better than land carriage, on seeing a man driving a wagon in the place, expressed his surprise at his being able to drive so straight without the assistance of a rudder. the township was from the Old Colony of Plymouth the same year. "It is ordered" [say the Plymouth Records]" that these ten men of Saugus, namely, Edmund Freeman, Henry Feake, Thomas. Dexter, Edward Dillingham, William Wood, John Carman, Richard Chadwell, William Almy, Thomas Tupper, and George Knott, shall have liberty to view a place to sit down on, and have sufficient land for three score families, upon the conditions propounded to them by the governor and Mr. Winslow. The other proprietors were, George Allen, Thomas Armitage, Anthony Besse, Mr. Blackmore, George Bliss, Thomas Boardman, Robert Bootefish, William Braybrook, John Briggs, Thomas Burge, Richard Burne, George Burt, Thomas Butler, Thomas Chillingworth, Edmund Clarke, George Cole, John Dingley, Henry Ewer, John Friend, John Fish, Nathaniel Fish, Jonathan Fish, Peter Gaunt, Andrew Hallet, William Harlow, William Hedge, Joseph Holway, William Hurst, John Joyce, Richard Kirby, Thomas Lander, John Miller, William Newland, Benjamin Noye, Mr. Potter, James Skippe, George Slawson, Michael Turner, John Vincent, Peter Wright, Nicholas Wright, Richard Wade, John King, John Win Mr. Wollaston, and Thomas Willis. Their minister was the Rev. William Leveridge. Mr. Dexter and Mr. Willis did not remove at this time." The records of the first Congregational church in this town previous to the ordination of Rev. Roland Cotton, in 1694, are lost. Mr. Cotton was succeeded by Rev. Benjamin Fessenden, who was ordained in 1722, and died in 1746. Rev. Abraham Williams, the next minister, was ordained in 1749; he was succeeded by Rev. Jonathan Burr, who was ordained in 1787. According to tradition there were among the first settlers of Sandwich two persons somewhat distinguished for their religious turn of mind, Mr. Richard Bourne and Mr. Thomas Tupper. These men took the lead in the religious exercises, and officiated publicly on the Lord's day, each of them having his party; but, as they were in all a small company, they did not separate, but agreed that the officer who had the most adherents at meeting for the time being, should be the minister for the day. In process of time the congregation settled Mr. Smith, a minister who for a time had officiated at Barnstable. Religious matters being settled at Sandwich, Mr. Bourne and Mr. Tupper directed their attention towards christianizing the Indians in the vicinity. Mr. Tupper founded a church near Herring river, which was supplied with a succession of ministers of his name till the decease of his great-grandson, Rev. Elisha Tupper, who died at Pokessett, in 1787. Mr. Bourne turned his attention towards the Marshpee Indians to the south and east. Sandwich is the most agricultural town in the county; the lands however in the extreme part of the township are light and unproductive. There are numerous ponds, some of which are very large, which afford fine fishing and fowling: deer are also found in this vicinity. There are in the town 1 cotton mill, 1 woollen factory, a furnace, a nail factory, a number of carding-machines, &c., with an extensive manufactory of glass. There are 15 or 20 sail of coasting or fishing vessels belonging here, and a considerable quantity of salt manufactured. Population 3,579. Sandwich village, containing about 100 houses, is situated on ris. ing ground in the northern section of the town, near the waters of Cape Cod Bay, 12 miles north-westerly of Barnstable, 30 east of New Bedford, and 53 miles south-east of Boston. The engraving shows the two Congregational churches, town-house, and in the distance some of the buildings connected with the glass works. It contains 4 churches: 1 Orthodox, 1 Unitarian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic. There are in other parts of the town 6 churches more: 4 Methodist, 1 for Friends or Quakers, and 1 Congregational. It has been in contemplation for a long period to unite Cape Cod and Buzzard's Bay by a ship canal across this town. The distance is five miles, and the land level. The following is from the statistics published by the state in 1837. "Nail factory, 1; nails manufactured, 500 tons; value of the same, $57,500; hands employed, 20; capital invested, $13,500; glass manufactory, 1; value of glass manufactured, $300,000; hands employed, 250; capital invested, $250,000. Dr. John Osborn, who was a physician in Middletown, in Connecticut, was born in this town, in 1713. His father, an educated Scotchman, was then a schoolmaster, but afterwards settled in the ministry at Eastham. At the age of nineteen, young Osborn entered Harvard College, where he was noticed as a lively and eccentric genius. The following whaling song of his has obtained some celebrity: A WHALING SONG. When spring returns with western gales, And gentle breezes sweep The ruffling seas, we spread our mails To plough the wat'ry deep. For killing northern whales prepared, With craft and rum, (our chief regard,) |