Fine culture-A thorough pulverization of the soil important.

25-26

Educated labor upon the farm...

26-27

Finances-Interest on money.

27-29

Centennial celebration-Fish-culture.

29, 30

VI.-PROCEEDINGS.....

31-59

EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETINGS..

31-45

REPORT OF SECRETARY FIELD OF HIS VISIT TO THE CHICAGO AND

ST. LOUIS EXPOSITIONS......

34-38

SOCIETY MEETINGS-Election of officers...

45-47

ANNUAL MEETING-TREASURER'S REPORT

WARRANT-ACCOUNT OF THE SECRETARY.

VII. STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION..

Opening Remarks by President Stilson....

How shall we improve the agriculture of Wisconsin.

Uprising of the agricultural classes..

"Natures Noblemen.".

The coming farmer must sift the experience of others, retain the
valuable and cast away the visionary.

He must learn to produce more per acr and at less proportionate

cost.

47-50

51-59

60

The importance and value of growing clover.

Wisconsin should add twenty-five per cent. to her yield per acre.. 61

Soil compensating system..

Improvements in stock-Dairy-product of the state..

Mr. White, of Kenosha, averages 600 pounds of cheese per cow..

Improve the common stock by thoroughbreds.

Value of live-stock in the state-Smithfield cattle-show.

64, 65

Those who plod in the same old rut complain that farming don't

61

62

64

64

65

60-66

60

60

VII-STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION--Continued.

Page.

PEAT-A CHEAP FUEL IN THE NEAR FUTURE. By W. II. Newton. 75, 89

Fuel, like food, is a prominent element in the economy of human

life...

One-third of the population of Wisconsn now using coal for fuel..

Effect of cutting away our forests...

Forests and their products indispensable.

Peat of the state to be utilized...

75

75

76

76

77

78

80

80

80

81

82, 83

84

85

One hundred and fifty tons in the state-Process of manufacture... 85-88

Peat a cheap substitute for wood-fuel-Discussion....

PROTECTION FROM LIGHTNING.

By Professor John W. Sterling..92-106

The importance to farmers and others of understanding the laws

of electrical action.

A moderate degree of study only necessary.

Statical electricity-Distribution of electricity.

Practical directions relative to putting up rods-Discussion...

OBJECTS AND METHODS OF CULTIVATION. By Professor W. W. Dan-

iells....

103-113

.113-121

The soil is the great store-house of the mineral constituents of

plant-food.

113

A soil is rock disintegrated

114

Plowing, harrowing, and cultivating the means which shall bring

the rich harvest

Fertilizers carried into the soil by rain-Benefits of manure.

Better and wiser culture demanded-Discussion.....

118, 119

120-130

Lime-its action upon organic matter-Chinch-bugs..

Winter-wheat--Early varieties of spring-wheat.

Rotation of crops-General co-operation....

SOME OF THE LESSONS OF THE PAST SEASON. By J. W. Wood...130-143

The importance of adapting better and surer methods of culture.. 130

Low prices nothing when compared with the emptiness of our bins 130, 131

Clover, &c., are sure and simple methods of restoring exhausted

soils-Timothy exhausts, while clover improves soils

Experience of seventy-five years with clover fertilization.

Experiments with seed-corn and other grains.

141

Cost of production has no effect upon prices-supply, demand, and

transportation govern

141, 142

The most hopeful sign of the times is the wide-spread discontent

which prevails Discussion....

.142-148

ECONOMY IN FARMING, By John Bascom, LL. D..

.148-159

The prosperity of the nation and of christian society, must depend

very much upon the farmers...

148

They are the peers of everybody and above nobody.

148

Our land-the paradise of the farmer....

149

Saving and wise expenditure-two essential branches of economy

Tools-Farm-buildings—Handling of cattle and lands...

Contrast of the average farmer and the average drayman.

Nature takes the laboring-oar in the West...

Failure in method a great waste-An example.

VII.-STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION-Continued.

Page.

ECONOMY IN FARMING--Continued.

Sacks of gold in a manure-heap

155

A clod-hopper can abuse the world, but a wise man only can woo it 156

Higher education and social economy-University influence...

Few callings that promise so much as intelligent farming.

Discussion....

THE NEED OF ORGANIZATION among ProduceRS, By Hon. M. K.

Young.

160-174

Material wealth of the nation lies with producers..

Physical and organic laws to be studied ́

Breeding-Experiences of past and present to be secured by organ-

ization

Division of farm-production.

Producers of other values organize; hence, farmers should.

Command that capital exercises over labor.

Producers must make themselves felt in public affairs.

A word to the officials-Trust of power-Specie payment.....

"You have doubled my fortune, but you have ruined
your country." 171

A legal basis for money basis enough-How shall we organize. 172, 173

The ballot should be made compulsory-Discussion....

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MACHINERY

IN AGRICULTURE. By E. II. Benton...

161

162

162, 163

164

164, 165

165-168

167,168

.169-171

174-181

181-189

Advantage of machinery-greater amount of work accomplished

in a given time-illustrations..

181, 182

Work more effectively done-Fifty per cent. saved in time...

More dignity in mixing brain and muscle than in the mere use of

brawn-Contrast between machine and hand labor.....

"Knack," or "gumption," necessary to operate machinery.

.182, 183

184, 185

186

Disadvantages of machinery-Machinery must be run by brains. 186, 187

Increase of power involves increase of skill..

187

Farmers must be educated in the principles of mechanics..

Patent laws and their workings...

187

188

The purchase of so much machinery-a doubtful investment.

Discussion...

189

189-196

Discussion of Prof. Daniell's paper continued.

196-200

GYPSUM, OR LAND-PLASTER, AND HOW TO USE IT. By N. E. Allen.201-207

Experiences and observations in its use.

201

Plaster fixes the ammonia in the soil, and aids in the decomposi-

tion of vegetable substances..

202

Will double a crop on new soil-Will do no good on wet soil.....

A simple rule by which to determine the benefits of plaster.....

Discussion.

202

203

.203-207

Labor performed by slaves..

AGRICULTURE-GLIMPSE AT ITS PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. By

J. M. Smith...

Great wants of any people-food and clothing

Glance at agriculture of the more favored of ancient nations..

Egypt the then granary of the world..

Agricultural condition of Europe at that time was wretched.

-208-219

108

209

210

211

212

Wages of laborers fixed by law and ranged from four to six shil-

The farmer of to-day bows in reverence to none except his God.. 216

The west and northwest the only territory of any size in the world

where the masses of the people can afford to have wheat-bread,

butter, and meat as the main articles of daily food

Noble men leading the way in stock-improving.

Experiments of J. B. Lawes, of England...

VII.-STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION-Continued.

AGRICULTURE-GLANCE AT ITS PAST, ETC.-Continued.

Farmers to be better educated in the future..

The profession of farming to be elevated financially, socially, mor-

ally, and intellectually, and the farmer take the front rank of in-

fluence among his fellow men-Discussion....

Page.

218

.218-230

INTEREST ON MONEY-A HIGH RATE RUINOUS TO PRODUCTIVE IN-

DUSTRY. By Secretary W. W. Field...

.230-247

The beauties and benefits of money.

230

By high rate of interest, power of money increased...

231

Interest to be paid by labor, and if too high, labor receives nothing

The effect of paying 10 per cent-Teachings in our schools.

Governor Randall on interest-Annual message, 1859..

237, 238

238

Interest on money should be regulated by the power that creates it 239

Co-operative banks in Germany

239, 240

Interest should be as low as the net profits from the productive in-

dustries-Extract from Kellogg.

.240, 241

Speedy resumption would cripple the labor and industry of the

Senator Windham's report relative to a Department of Industry. 244, 245

Summary conclusions Discussion...

245-274

THE FUTURE OUTLOOK OF THE DAIRY-INTEREST IN WISCONSIN.

No danger that cheese and butter manufacture will be overdone..276–277

Discussion

277-280

280-288

280

281

.282,283

.283, 284

285

.285-288

APICULTURE, OR "LIGHT IN THE BEE-HIVE." By G. W. Maryatt. 288,

The honey-bee the only domesticated insect.

What a colony consists of ....

Economy in extracting the honey and saving the comb to be re-

NATURES METHOD OF SOIL-FORMATION AND THE PROCESS OF

CULTURE WHICH THESE METHODS SUGGEST. By Professor John

Murrish....

.299, 309

The work of organiz tion-Forces of disintegration...

Facts in connection with the formation and disintegration of rocks 301

Absorptive power of the soil-matter of which plants are com-

.299, 300

posed....

302

VII.-STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION--Continued.

NATURE'S METHOD OF SOIL FORMATION, ETC.-Continued.

The soil under certain physical conditions gives birth to vegetable

life-Wonderful power of plants...

Page.

.303, 304

Distribution of one form of matter, and the building up of higher

forms-Amount and kind of matter taken up by plants..

Facts to be observed...

Free circulation of air in the soil important..

305 306

Beautiful process shown by which heat is produced, causing the

animal to grow,
the car to move, and the boat to push its way

across the ocean-Discussion..

306

307

307-309

SOILS OF EASTERN WISCONSIN. By Professor T. C. Chamberlain. 309, 318

Light and heavy soils.....

Soils formed by the decomposition of rocks..

Artificial manipulations of certain soil-substances..

Prairie-loam and clayey-loams-Heavy clayey-loams.

Red marly clayey-soil-Limestone-loam and sandy soils.

Humus and calcareous sandy soils....

Magnesian limestones of great value

LIVE-STOCK ON WISCONSIN FARMS. By Geo. E. Morrow

.309, 310

310

310-312

312, 313

314-316

316, 317

Raising animals tends to higher intelligence and better farming...

Nothing succeeds like success.

Must raise stock well adapted for the purpose designed.

Make use of superior and well-bred males-Discussion..

Resolution of thanks and remarks of Secretary Field..

.319, 320

320-322

HOW SHALL FARMERS IMPROVE THEIR CONDITION-Remarks

Mr. Benton and Mr. Smith....

THE GARDEN AND LAWN-Remarks by H. W. Roby, Milwaukee..324–326

VIII-EXHIBITION OF 1874.....

328

Opening Address. By President Eli Stilson

328-332

Address of Professor W. W. Daniells-Hard times-a cause and

remedy....

..333-346

Address of Gov. Wm. R. Taylor-Industrial development of the

.....346-349

Report of Vice-President Geo. E. Bryant, superintendent cattle de-

partment..

Report of E. J. Cooper, assistant superintendent poultry depart-

state

Report of Vice-President John L. Mitchell, superintendent horse-

department..

.350, 351

Report of Vice-President T. C. Douseman, superintendent sheep

and swine departments

ment.

351

..352-354

.354-356

Report of Dr. C. L. Martin, superintendent agricultural depart-

ment

356, 357

Report of O. S. Willey, superintendent horticultural department. 357-359

Report of H. W. Roby, superintendent floral department..

Report of Vice-President Rufus Cheney, superintendent machin-

ery department..

360, 361

.362-364

Report of special committee on machinery.

364-368

Report of Vice-President Satterlee Clark, superintendent manufac-

turers' department...

....

.369, 370

Report of J. O. Eaton, superintendent fine-art department.

....370-372