delphia is to be preferred to all others. The head of this firm is himself a famous entomologist, and he has given us in the forceps which is illustrated in Fig. 74 an instrument which comes as near perfection as the art of the maker of instruments can proThe small forceps represented in Fig. 75 is very useful in pinning small specimens. In handling mounted specimens it FIG. 75.-Insect-forceps. is well always to take hold of the pin below the specimen with the forceps, and insert it into the cork by the pressure of the forceps. If the attempt is made to pin down a specimen with the naked fingers holding the pin by the head, the finger is apt to slip and the specimen to be ruined. IMMORTALITY A butterfly basked on a baby's grave, Then it lightly soared thro' the sunny air, "I was a worm till I won my wings, And she, whom thou mourn'st, like a seraph sings; SIGOURNEY. CHAPTER III THE CLASSIFICATION OF BUTTERFLIES 'Winged flowers, or flying gems." AT the base of all truly scientific knowledge lies the principle. of order. There have been some who have gone so far as to say that science is merely the orderly arrangement of facts. While such a definition is defective, it is nevertheless true that no real knowledge of any branch of science is attained until its relationship to other branches of human knowledge is learned, and until a classification of the facts of which it treats has been made. When a science treats of things, it is necessary that these things should become the subject of investigation, until at last their relation to one another, and the whole class of things to which they belong, has been discovered. Men who devote themselves to the discovery of the relation of things and to their orderly classification are known as systematists. The great leader in this work was the immortal Linnæus, the "Father of Natural History," as he has been called. Upon the foundation laid by him in his work entitled "Systema Naturæ," or "The System of Nature," all who have followed after him have labored, and the result has been the rise of the great modern sciences of botany and zoology, which treat respectively of the vegetable and animal kingdoms. The Place of Butterflies in the Animal Kingdom. - The animal kingdom, for purposes of classification, has been subdivided into various groups known as subkingdoms. One of these subkingdoms contains those animals which, being without vertebræ, or an internal skeleton, have an external skeleton, composed of a series of horny rings, attached to which are various organs. This EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI Reproduced with the kind permission of Dr. S. H. Scudder, from "The Butterflies of New England," vol. iii, Plate 85. CHRYSALIDS IN COLOR AND IN OUTLINE-PAPILIONINA AND HESPERIIDA 23. budamus proteus. From the original by Abbot in the British Museum. 24. Thorybes bathyllus. From the original by Abbot in the British Museum 25. Fargyreus lityrus. 26 Epargyreus tityrus. 27. Thanaos reclus, 28. Thorybes prlades. 30. Thanaos lucilius. 31. Thanaos lucilius, Dorsal view. 32. Thanaos lucilius. 33. Thanaos juvenalis. 34. Thanaos persius, 35. Hesperia montiraga. From the original by Abbot in the British Mu seum. 30 Pholisora catullus, 37. Thanaos martialis From the original by Abbot in the British Mu seum. 38. Thanaos brizo. From the original by Abbot in Dr. Boisduval's library 30. Hrlephila phylarus. From the original by Abbot in Dr. Boisduval, library. 40. Amblyscules vialis. 41. Pholisora cotullus. 42. Thymelicus alia. From the original by Abbot in Dr. Boisduval's library. 43. Atalopedes buron 44. Limochores taumas. 45. Amblyscirtes samosel. After the original by Abbot in the British Mu seum. 46 Levemo accius. After the original by Abbot in Boston Society of Natural History. 29. Pholisora catullus. From the origi- 47. Atalopedes buron mal by Abbot in the British Museum. 48. Calpodes etblius. |