TA B. XXX.

The animalculæ in femine mafculino, as they appeared in a microfcope, in a space as fmall as a pin's head.

2 The circulation of the blood in a fish's tail, as it appeared in a microscope.

3 An artery as it is fpread in a membrane. 4 A vein as it is spread in a membrane.

THE

THE

ANATOMY

OF THE

Human Body.

воок IV.

CHAPTER I.

Of the urinary and genital parts of men, together with the glandula renales.

T

HE urinary parts are the kidneys with their veffels and bladder of urine.

THE kidneys of men are like those of hogs, the two weigh about twelve ounces; they are seated towards the upper part of the loins upon the two last ribs; the right under the liver, and a little lower than the other, and the left under the fpleen. Their use is to feparate the urine from the blood, which is brought thither for that purpose

by the emulgent arteries; and what remains from the fecretion, is returned by the emulgent veins, while the urine fecreted is carried off through the ureters to the bladder. I have, in three different fubjects, taken ftones out of the loins, which had made their way from the kidneys through the muscles to the common integuments, where, upon opening the fkin only, the ftones appeared with a quantity of matter and urine. We have heard of operators who have cut for the stone in the kidneys; but I will venture to affirm, that those cases were no other than these, but unfairly related.

THE ureters are tubes about the bignefs of goofequills, and about a foot long; they arise from the hollow fide of the kidneys, and end in the bladder near its neck, running obliquely for the space of an inch between its coats; which manner of entering is to them as valves. ureters in the kidneys are the tubuli urinarii, which joining, form the pelvis in each kidney. Between the tubuli urinarii, authors have remarked small papillæ; and the parts which are distinguished by a clearer colour, they call glandulæ.

The beginning of the

THE bladder of urine is feated in a duplicature of the peritoneum in the lower part of the pelvis of the abdomen; its shape is orbicular, and its coats are the fame with thofe of the guts and other hollow muscles already defcribed; viz. an external membranous, a middle mufcular, which is the mufculus detrufor urinæ, and an inner membranous

coat,