14 eh. 23 10, 14, 16: Deu. 2. 2 And if thou offer a meat offering of thy firstfruits1 unto the LORD, thou shalt offer for the meat offering of thy firstfruits green ears of corn dried by the fire, 15 even corn beaten out of full ears. And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay Ki. 4. 42. 16 frankincense thereon: it is a meat offering. And the priest shall burn the memorial of it, part of the beaten corn thereof, and part of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD. 3 The law of the peace-offering. T 9 ver. 1. rver. 2 eh. 7.11-21, 29-34; 22. 21: Ps. 66 15; I see refs, eh. 1. 3. AND if his oblation be a 'sacrifice of peace offering, 3 if he offer it of the herd;4 whether it be a male or female, he shall offer it' without blemish before the LORD. 2 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron's sons the priests shall sprinkle 3 the blood upon the altar round about. And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the ch. 4. 8, 9; Ex. 29. 4 inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the 13. 22. 5 kidneys, it shall he take away. 6 And Aaron's sons shall burn it on the altar ch. 6. 12; Ex. 29. 13 upon the burnt sacrifice, which is upon the wood that is on the fire: it is an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. 6 And if his offering for a sacrifice of peace offering unto the LORD be of the flock; 7 male or female, he shall offer it without blemish. If he offer a lamb for his 8 offering, then shall he offer it before the LORD. And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it before the tabernacle of the congregation: and 9 Aaron's sons shall sprinkle the blood thereof round about upon the altar. And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat thereof, and the whole rump, it shall he take off hard by the backbone; and the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the 10 inwards, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away. 11 And the priest shall burn it upon the altar: it is "the food of the offering made by fire unto the LORD. 12 * ver. 1, etc. aver. 16: ch. 21. 6. 8, 17. 21, 22: 22. 25: Num. 28. 2; Fre 44.7; Mal. 1. 7, 12 And if his offering be a goat, then he shall offer it before the LORD. And her, etc. 13 shall lay his hand upon the head of it, and kill it before the tabernacle of the congregation and the sons of Aaron shall sprinkle the blood thereof upon the 14 altar round about. And he shall offer thereof his offering, even an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is 15 upon the inwards, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take 16 away. And the priest shall burn them upon the altar: it is the food of the 17 offering made by fire for a sweet savour: all the fat is the LORD's. It shall be a "perpetual statute for your generations throughout all your dwellings, that ye eat neither fat nor blood.8 4 The law of the sin-offering. AND the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, 2 saying, If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to be done, and shall do against ch. 7. 23-25; 17.6; 1 Sam. 2. 15; 2 Chr. 7.7. d ch. 6. 18; 7. 36; 17. 7:23 14 ver. 16, comp, with Den. 32.14; Ne. 8. 10. eh. 7. 23. 26; 17. 10, 14; Ge. 9. 4; Den 12, 16; 1 Sam. 14. 33; Eze. 44. 7, 15 #ch. 5 15, 17; Num. 15 29-79; 1 Sam. 14. 27; Ps. 19. 12—16 3 any of them: if the priest that is anointed do sin according to the sin of thech. & 12; Heb. 7. 28 people; then let him bring for his sin which he hath sinned, 'a 1 These offerings differ from those in ver. 12, being of ears of corn, not flour. 2 In this as in other cases, what was offered to God was to be the best of its kind. 3 The peace-offering was the only sacrifice of which the people were permitted to eat the flesh. God was supposed to partake of the feast with the offerer and his friends; thus giving a religious character to social festivities, and indicating the completeness of the Divine reconciliation. The need of an atoning sacrifice, in order to such friendship, is kept prominently in view in these offerings. The feelings of a true worshipper in presenting the sacrifices and offerings prescribed in this and the two preceding chapters are beautifully set forth in Psa. lxvi. 13-20. 4 Here we see the same gradation in the offerings, adapted to the means of different classes of persons, as in the burnt-offering and the meat-offering: viz., the bullock or heifer (ver. 1), and the lamb (ver. 7) or goat (ver. 12). 5 Representing the transference of the guilt of the offerer to the sacrifice. bullock young i ch. 9. 2. 6 The part in this case consumed upon the altar was not very valuable. 7 The tail of many eastern sheep is broad and fat, and is reckoned the finest part. 8 That is, neither the fat or suet within, nor the blood of the larger vessels. The heathen sometimes drank the blood of their sacrifices. See Psa. xvi. 4. 9 As distinguished from sins of presumption (Numb. xv. 22, 28); that is, deliberately and wilfully committed, for which there was no atonement. The word 'ignorance' allows us to include sins of thoughtlessness, and urgent or plausible temptation, as well as of absolute ignorance. On account of the scarcity of books and of public instructors, this class of sins would probably be very numerous. The penalty is proportioned to the supposed advantages of the offender; and consequently falls most heavily upon the high priest, whose victim was to be as costly as that of the whole congregation; and was, like that, to be offered with the peculiar solemnity of the sevenfold sprinkling, and to be wholly consumed without the camp, as if he required a new consecration. * ch. 1. 3, 4. ch. 16. 14; Num. 19. 4. 16. 18. 4 without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering. And he shall bring the bullock 13 ch. 3. 3-5 9. 9; comp with ch. 7. 7.8; 10. 16, 17: Ex. 29. 14; Num. 19. 5. 9 Jer. 31.40; Mt. 27.60. eh. 6. 11. Heb. 13. 11. Num. 15. 24-26; ch. 5. 2-4, 17. eh. 1.4 ver. 5; Heb. 9. 12 -14 And if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, "and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which should not be done, 14 and are guilty; when the sin, which they have sinned against it, is known, then the congregation shall offer a young bullock for the sin, and bring him before the 15 tabernacle of the congregation. And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock before the LORD: and the bullock shall 16 be killed before the LORD. And the priest that is anointed shall bring of the 17 bullock's blood to the tabernacle of the congregation: and the priest shall dip his finger in some of the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD, even 18 before the vail. And he shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar which is before the LORD, that is in the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall pour out all the blood at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at 19 the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And he shall take all his fat from 20 him, and burn it upon the altar. And he shall do with the bullock as he did 'with the bullock for a sin offering; so shall he do with this: "and the priest ver. 3. 21 shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them. And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn him as he burned the first bullock it is a sin offering for the congregation. 22 4 ch. 1. 4; Num. 15. 25; Dan. 9. 24; Ro. 5. 11; Heb. 2. 17; 10. 10-12; 1 John 1.7; 2. 2. b vers. 2, 13. ⚫ ver. 14. When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD his God concerning things which should not 23 be done, and is guilty; or if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish: 24 and he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where d ver. 4, etc. 25 they kill the burnt offering before the LORD: it is a sin offering. And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out his blood at the bottom 26 of the altar of burnt offering. And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall make an atone-ch. 35. ment for him as concerning his sin, and it shall be forgiven him. 27 • ver. 30. & ver. 20; Num. 15, 28. ver. 2; Num 15. 27. i ver. 23. And if any one of the common people sin through ignorance, while he doeth somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which 28 ought not to be done, and be guilty; or if his sin which he hath sinned, come to his knowledge: then he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a female1 29 without blemish, for his sin which he hath sinned. And he shall lay his hand ver. 4. 24. upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt 30 offering. And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood 31 thereof at the bottom of the altar. And 'he shall take away all the fat thereof, ch. 3. 14. "as the fat is taken away from off the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest ch. 3. 3. shall burn it upon the altar for a "sweet savour unto the LORD; and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him. 1 Seven was regarded as a perfect number; and was therefore used to express a perfect and complete action. 2 The life-blood of the victim was accepted by God in the stead of the transgressor's. "ch. 1. 9; Ex. 29. 18. ver. 26. 3 Or, are suffering the penalty;' and so in ver. 22: as in Psa. xxxiv. 22; Isa. xxiv. 6, where the same word is rendered are desolate.' 4 As being less costly than a ruler's sin-offering (ver. 23). ver. 28. 32 And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering, he shall bring it a female without 5 The laws of trespass-offerings. 4 . AND if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his 2 iniquity. Or "if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean creeping 3 things, and if it be hidden from him; he also shall be unclean, and guilty. Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him;3 when he knoweth of it, then 4 he shall be guilty. Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of 5 these. And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he 6 shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing: and he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin. 7 с And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the LORD; 8 one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering. And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring 9 off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder: and he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest of the 10 blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering. And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the manner [or, ordinance]: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him. 11 ✓ vers. 26, 31. Num. 5. 15 mch. 2. 2. *But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then hever. 7. that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; 'he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankin12 cense thereon: for it is a sin offering. Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the altar," according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: it is a sin 13 offering. And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of these, and it shall be forgiven him: and the remnant ch. 2. 3. shall be the priest's as a meat offering. 14 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, "If a soul commit a trespass, and 15 sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the LORD; then he shall bring for his trespass unto the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, with thy estimation by shekels of silver, after 'the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass 16 offering: and he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest: "and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him. 17 y ch. 4. 35. • ch. 4. 25. 9 ch. 22. 14: Ex. 34 26; Den 15. 19. Era 10. 19. 'ch. 27. 25; Ex. 30.13 tch. 6. 5: 22. 14; 27. 13, 15, 27, 31; Num 37. ch. 4. 26. y ver. 15; eh. 4. 2, 13, 22, 27; Ps. 19. 17; LÉ. 12. 48 And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to bech. 4. 2. done by the commandments of the LORD; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, 18 and shall bear his iniquity. "And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the 1 Or, upon the offerings.' 2 That is, if a person hear the judge utter an oath of adjuration requiring witnesses to come forward, and be able to give testimony, and refuse or neglect to do so, he shall be reckoned guilty. 3 That is, hid from him at the time, though it afterwards come to his knowledge. 4 This would tend to prevent inconsiderate oaths, which are soon forgotten and broken, and thus the habit of truthfulness impaired. 5 About five pints. The expense was so small that no man's poverty would be a bar to his pardon. 6 The word trespass,' as distinguished from 'sin' (ch. iv. 2), is probably intended to imply some default or injury, either in withholding what should have been offered to God, through carelessness (ver. 15) or through ignorance (ver. 17); or in defrauding a neighbour (ch. vi. 1-7). |