66

neere

with the monogram of H. J. Henry Johnson, has inscribed upon it, "Built Anno 1612, rebuilt 1678." The natural inference from this would be, that the dockyard took its rise in 1612; but MR. S. states that he knows the dock to have been in existence before the house. I for one should take it as a special favour if he would communicate the facts. In preparing some time since a History of Millwall, I endeavoured to obtain information about these premises. A map of 1588 is without the dock; but in 1593, Warden, under the head of Blackwall, says: which is a harbour in the Thamis for shipping; the place taketh name of the blacknes or darkenes of the water bankes or wall at that place." This reference is evidently to the river, and the natural conclusion is, that the dock was originally constructed for the use of the shipping there. Mr. Pepys speaks of the place under date Sept. 22, 1665, at Blackwall: "Here is observable what Johnson tells us, that in digging the late dock," &c. It would appear from this, that a dock was constructed at Blackwall about 1665. The pedigree of Johnson's family will be found in the Harleian MS. 1468, in the Visitation of Middlesex, 1664, by W. Ryley and Henry Dethicke; the latter of whom resided at Poplar, in a house which stood on the ground now occupied by that in which Mr. Westhorpe lives.

On the exterior of the building to which your correspondent refers, there is a coat of arms carved in wood. Mr. Wigram informed me that these were the arms of the old East India Com

pany. In the offices is preserved a painting by Hillman, representing these docks as they ap peared in 1784. I believe there is a coloured engraving of this picture, a copy of which may be seen in the King's Library at the British Museum, vol. xxi. It would not be very difficult to furnish a few particulars of the history of these docks. I shall be happy to assist MR. SINISTER if he will communicate with me. B. H. COWPer.

East India Road,

GREAT EVENTS FROM SMALL CAUSES.

(2nd S. ii. 43.)

"The Mission of Augustine is one of the most striking instances in all history of the vast results which may flow from a very small beginning, of the immense effects produced by a single thought in the heart of a single man, carried out conscientiously, deliberately, and fearlessly. Nothing in itself could seem more trivial than the meeting of Gregory with the three Yorkshire boys in the market-place at Rome: yet this roused a feeling in his mind which he never lost; and through all the obstacles which were thrown first in his own way, and then in that of Augustine, his highest desire concerning it was more than realised. Let any one sit on the hill of the little church of St. Martin and look on the view

which is there spread before his eyes. Immediately below are the towers of the great Abbey of St. Augustine, where Christian learning and civilisation first struck root in the Anglo-Saxon race; and within which now, after a lapse of many centuries, a new institution has arisen, intended to carry far and wide, to countries of which Gregory and Augustine never heard, the blessings which they gave to us. Carry your view on, and there rises high above all the magnificent pile of Canterbury Cathedral, equal in splendour and state to any the noblest temple or church that Augustine could have seen in ancient Rome, rising on the very ground which derives its consecration from him. And still more than the grandeur of outward buildings that rose from the little church of the institutions of all kinds of which these were the Augustine and the little palace of Ethelbert have been earliest cradle. From Canterbury, the first English Christian city-from Kent the first English Christian kingdom has by degrees arisen the whole constitution of Church and State in England, which now binds together the whole British empire. And from the Christianity here established has flowed, by direct consequence, first, the Christianity of Germany, then, after a long interval, of North America, and lastly we may trust, in time, of all India and all Australasia. The view from St. Martin's church is indeed one of the most inspiriting that can be found in the world; there is none to which I would more willingly take any one who doubted whether a small beginning could lead to a great and lasting good,-none which carries us back more vividly into the past, or more hopefully to the future." Stanley's Historical Memorials of Canterbury, p. 33.

PREMATURE INTERMENTS.

(2nd S. ii. 103.)

A. A. D.

To the curious list of works on this subject given by MR. BATES may be added a very singular sermon, preached in the Presbyterian Chapel of Lancaster, July 17, 1803, by the Rev. Duty of the Relations of those who are in DanS. Girle, and subsequently printed, entitled The gerous Illnesses, and the Hazard of hasty Interments. It is dedicated to Dr. Wm. Hawes, by whose encouragement it appeared in print. The preacher quotes the passage that follows from an address issued by Dr. Hawes as a member of the Royal Humane Society:

"The custom of laying out the bodies of persons supposed to be dead, as soon as respiration ceases, and the interment of them before the signs of putrefaction appear, has been frequently opposed by men of learning and humanity in this and other countries. Mons. Bruhier in particular, a physician of great eminence in Paris, published a piece, about 30 years ago, entitled The Uncertainty of the Signs of Death; in which he clearly proved from the testimonies of various authors, and the attestations of unexceptionable witnesses, that many persons who have been buried alive, and were providentially discovered in that state, had been rescued from the grave, and enjoyed the pleasures of society for several years after. But notwithstanding the numerous and well authenticated facts of this kind, the custom above mentioned remains in full force. As soon as the semblance of death appears, the bed clothes are removed, and the body is exposed to the air; which, when cold, must extinguish the little spark of life that may

There is an elegant allusion in the closing words of Dr. Hawes to the motto of the medal given by the Humane Society: "Lateat scintillula forsan." I cannot gather from the sermon that Mr. Girle had been attracted to the subject by any known instance of hasty interment having occurred at Lancaster. The "proofs" that he quotes are the case of Mrs. Godfrey, Mistress of the Jewel Office, and sister of the great Duke of Marlborough, who lay in a trance, apparently dead, for seven days; and was even declared by her medical attendants to be dead. Colonel Godfrey, her husband, would not allow her to be interred, or the body to be treated in the manner of a corpse; and on the eighth day she awoke, without any consciousness of her long insensibility. The authority assigned for this story is Mr. Peckard, Master of Magdalen College, in a work entitled Further Observations on the Doctrine of an Intermediate State.

Stories are also told of a Mr. Holland, improperly treated as dead, who revived, however, only to die from the effects of exposure to cold in the grave dress; and of a Mrs. Chaloner, a lady of Yorkshire, who was buried alive, and who was found, on the re-opening of the vault in which she was interred, to have burst open the lid of her coffin, and to be sitting upright in it. Mr. Girle makes use of the statement, that on his birth Dr. Doddridge showed so little signs of life that he was thrown aside as dead, but one of the attendants perceiving some motion took the infant under her charge, and, under her treatment, the flame of life was gradually kindled. Mr. Girle, in mentioning the Humane Society, states that it was at the outset exposed to much ridicule: it being supposed that it was impossible to recover to life in the case of persons drowned.

Dukinfield.

R. BROOK ASPLAND.

Dr. Graham, who is mentioned by your correspondent C. Mansfield IngleBY, acquired great wealth and an unenviable notoriety by his pretensions to a power of indefinitely extending the length of human life. His boasted remedies were the "Bath of Warm Earth," and an "Elixir of Immortality," to which many wealthy persons became dupes. The history of his career would be amusing, and might be instructive, but would occupy too much of the valuable space of "N. & Q." The following account of one of his proceedings appears in a periodical publication of

1791:

“Aug. 2. — Dr. Graham last week informed the inhabitants of Newcastle-upon-Tyne that he and a young lady intended to be buried on Saturday next for positively the last time!' The Doctor and his fair partner accord

and were each interred up to the chin, their heads beaufine full-grown cauliflowers. These human plants retifully dressed and powdered, appearing not unlike two

mained in this whimsical situation six hours."

Dublin.

THE REV. THOMAS CRANE, M.A. (2nd S. ii. 124.)

ARTERUS.

The following account of the Rev. Thomas Crane, taken from Palmer's Nonconformist Memorial, will probably interest your correspondent G. N.

"Mr. Thomas Crane, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, born at Plymouth, where his father was a merchant. Upon his removal from the university he became assistant to Mr. H. Allein, and at length was put into the living of Hampesham, in Dorsetshire, by Oliver Cromwell, from whence he was ejected at the Restoration. He afterwards settled at Beminster, where he continued till his death, which was a few days after that of Queen Anne, 1714, aged eighty-four. He was indicted in King Charles I.'s time, at the sessions at Bridport, where he was publicly charged with coming to divine service, &c., the word not being omitted; which caused the indictment to be dismissed, so that he escaped. From the known character of the officer concerned, it was plain that this was not the fruit of any design to do him service; it could be imputed to nothing but the interposition of that Providence in his favour, the honour of which he had so earnestly studied and endeavoured to promote. For he was so great an observer of the steps of Divine Providence towards himself and others, and so frequent in his remarks thereon, that he was commonly called Providence. He at length published a treatise upon it which is commended by Mr. Flavel in the PS. to his book upon the same subject. Mr. Crane was an hard student and had a penetrating genius. His composures were remarkably judicious. He was a good textuary, and an excellent casuist, but much inclined to solitude: a mirror of patience, and one of remarkable charity to his bitterest enemies, if he found them in want. He continued the constant exercise of his ministry till within a month of his death."

Works:

"A Prospect of Divine Providence. A Dedication of a posthumous piece of Mr. Lyford's (his father-in-law), upon Conscience." A. S. SMITH.

If your correspondent is right in speaking of the Rev. Thomas Crane as a Puritan, the small contribution I now send cannot relate to the same person. G. N. may have good grounds, in the internal evidence of the volume he mentions, for thus characterising the author; but the dates given in the MS. note quoted would render it more probable that he was ejected as a Nonjuror, at the age of fifty-nine, than as a Nonconformist, at the age of thirty-two.

I have a small 4to. volume, of which the following is the full title:

"Job's Assurance of the Resurrection. A Sermon at Winwick, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, June 25,

1689, at the Funeral of the Reverend Richard Sherlock, D.D., late Rector there. By Tho. Crane, M. A. Licens'd June 2, 1690, Z. Isham. London: Printed for Philip Barton, Bookseller in Warrington, 1690." In the address to the reader the author speaks of the sermon as having been imposed upon him by this pious and good man the reverend the deceased, and it contains abundant evidence of a full coincidence with his religious views.

A portion of the sermon is reprinted (from my copy) in the edition of Sherlock's Practical Christian, published at Oxford, in 1841, by his descendant, the Rev. H. H. Sherlock, Incumbent of Holy Trinity, at Ashton, in the parish of Winwick. The editor speaks of Crane (I know not on what authority) as Dr. Sherlock's friend and curate.

ARMS IN SEVERN STOKE CHURCH.

(2nd S. ii. 112. 159.)

J. F. M.

MR. COOPER HILL asks for authorities showing the Berkeley arms with any other crosses than crosses patée?

The following may assist in coming to a conclusion as to the arms in question:

Before the reign of Edward I. the arms of this family consisted of a chevron only: indeed, all the very ancient arms consist of very simple devices.

In that reign, Thomas Lord Berkeley, who died in 1321, added the ten crosses patée to his arms on the occasion of Edward I.'s Crusade. (Smyth's Lives of the Berk. Fam., edited by the Rev. T. D. Fosbroke, p. 111.)

This portion of the arms appears to have been varied by different members of the family.

Thus, Mr. Smyth states (Id., p. 112. 113.) that Sir Thomas, second son of this lord, and founder of the Wymondam branch of the family, bore at Caerlaverock, Gules, a chevron between ten cinquefoiles.

In the Roll of Arms temp. Hen. III. (edited by Sir Harris Nicolas), p. 15., is "Moris de Barkelæ, goules ung cheveron d'argent." The crosses had not then been added.

In the "Roll of Arms of the Tournament at Stepney," 2 Edw. II. (edited by Mr. Charles Edward Long, and published in the 4th volume of the Collect. Topog. et Geneal.), is ·

No. 178. "Sr Thomas Berkeley. Gu. a chevron between 10 roses arg."

In the Roll of Arms temp. Rich. II. (an illuminated Roll, with all the arms coloured, edited by Mr. Willement), is

six cross croslets in chief and four in base argent." No. 57. "Le Sr de Berkele. Gules, a chevron between No. 380. 66 Monsr. Moris de Berkele. Gules, a chevron ermine between six crosses paton ce in chief and four in base argent."

No. 382. "Monsr. James Berkele. Gules on a chevron between six crosses patonce in chief and four in base argent, a crescent azure."

No. 516. "Monsr. John de Berkele. Gules, a chevron between six cinquefoiles in chief and four in base argent pierced."

And in Gwillim's Heraldry (edit. of 1724), p. 138., a coat is given. A coat, "a chevron between ten cinquefoils, four, two, one, two, and one argent. This coat armour pertaineth to the worshipful family of Barkley of Wymundham, which descended out of the right Noble Progeny of the Lord Barkley."

The arms of the Berkeley family, with the crosses patée, and with the chevron only, as they exist in Bristol Cathedral and on their seals, will be found in Mr. Lysons's Gloucestershire Antiquities.

Mr. Smyth, the historian of the Berkeley family, was M.P. for Midhurst temp. James I. F. A. C.

There can be no doubt but that these are the arms of the Beauchamps, who were a very influential family in the county of Worcester as earls. One branch of the family is now reprewell as that of Warwick, of which they were sented by Lord Beauchamp, who bears a shield of the Beauchamp arms suspended to the collars of his supporters, to perpetuate his descent from

them.

The reason the arms are in the cathedral at Gloucester (as mentioned by MR. COOPER HILL) is, because the Earls of Shrewsbury, one Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, were beneof whom married a daughter and co-heir of factors to Gloucester Cathedral, and the Beauchamp arms will be found there impaled with those of Talbot. Of the Worcestershire Beauchamps was Sir John de B. of Holt, who was created Baron of Kidderminster in 1387 by patent, being the first on record so created. Another branch was of Powyke, in the county of Gloucester. A number of churches in Worcestershire are decorated with these arms, and many of the family lie buried in Worcester Cathedral. The branch of the family represented by Lord Beauchamp

P. 5. Sire Moris de Berkeleye de goules a les crusules pates de argent e un cheveron argent."

P. 77. "Sire Thomas de Berkeleye de goules od les rosettes de argent e un cheveron de argent."

"Sire Johan de Berkeleye de goules a ij crois patées de or e un cheveron de argent."

martlets. Concerning the variations of the Beauchamp coat, vide Lower's Curiosities of Heraldry, p. 44. Vide also for pedigrees, &c. of the Beauchamps Nash's History of Worcestershire. C. J. DOUGLAS.

Th' alluring dessert, and the bright champaign?
Where he, still aiming at his former station,
Gave to Favillia a grand collation.

Braun's was the house where many a favorite toast,
Has found a lover, and her honour lost.
Beware, ye Belles, of Braun's luxurious skill!
Nature's nice store, and Braun's luxurious art,
Conspir'd in vain to captivate my heart."

Henry Carey too, if he wrote the Dissertation on Dumpling, assumes Braun, or Braund, as he calls him, to have been the direct descendant in the male line of his imaginary Brawnd, knighted by King John for his unrivalled skill in making dumplings, and who subsequently resided, as he tells us, at "the ancient manor of Brands alias Braund's, near Kilburn, in Middlesex." Curious the accident that found Beau Brummel's "Aunt Brawn" a resident at Kilburn a century after the Dissertation on Dumpling was written. Carey dedicates to Braund.

"Let mercenary authors," he says, "flatter the great, &c., but

Tu mihi Mecænas Eris!'

"O Braund, my patron! my pleasure! my pride! . suspend a while your momentous cares, and condescend to taste this fricassee of mine. I write not this to bite you by the ear (i. e.) flatter you out of a brace or two of guineas: No, as I am a true dumpling-eater, my views are purely epicurean, and my hopes center'd in partaking of some elegant quelque-chose tost up by your judicious hand. I regard money but as a ticket which admits me to your delicate entertainment. . . The plague and fatigue of dependance and attendance, which calls me so often to the Court-end of the town, were insupportable but for the relief I find at Austin's, your ingenious and grateful disciple, who has adorned New Bond Street with your graceful effigies."

Here then we have not only Braun himself, but his very "effigy," in proof of his celebrity. No wonder that a descendant was celebrated for savoury pies.

Austin must have been an early inhabitant of New Bond Street, the building of which was begun only in 1720-1, and the Dissertation was published in 1726. B. O.

Figure of the Horse in Hieroglyphics (2nd S. ii. 87.)-MR. HACKWOOD may like to see the explanation which Swedenborg has given of the symbolism of the horse, whether occurring in the hieroglyphics, in the mythologies, or in the Scrip

tures.

It may be noted that Swedenborg, in assigning

his symbolisms, does not treat them as being anything arbitrary, but natural and necessary, as is

the case with those universally admitted symbols of the will and the intellect, the head and the heart, or heat and light:

"In the prophetical parts of the WORD, much mention is made of horse and horseman; but heretofore no one

has known that horse signifies the principle of intelligence, and horseman an intelligent person.

"The signification, as denoting the intellectual prin.. ciple, was derived from the ancient church to the wise round about, even into Greece. Hence it was, that in describing the sun, by which is signified love (see n. 2441. 2495.), they placed therein the god of their wisdom and intelligence, and attributed to him a chariot and four fiery horses; and in describing the god of the sea, inasmuch as by seas were signified sciences in general (see n. 28. 2120.) they also allotted horses to him. Hence too, when they described the birth of the sciences from the intellectual principle, they feigned a flying horse, which with his hoof burst open a fountain, where were virgins, who were the Sciences: nor was anything else signified by the Trojan horse but an artful contrivance of the unthe intellectual principle is described, agreeable to the derstanding to destroy walls. At this day, indeed, when

custom received from the ancients, it is usually described by a flying horse, or Pegasus, and erudition by a fountain; but it is known scarce to any one, that horse, in a mystical sense, signifies the understanding; and that a fountain signifies truth. Still less is it known that these significations were derived from the ancient church to the Gentiles.". - Arcana Calestia, vol. iii., numbers 2761, 2762.

A. R.

Can Fish be tamed? (2nd S. ii. 173.) The following extract is from Jesse's Country Life:

"I was ordered to take the cutter I commanded to Port Nessock, near Port Patrick. On landing, was informed of Colonel McDowell's sea fish-pond, and went to look at it. On arriving, I fed the large Cod out of my hand, from some mussels which I had in a basin. . . This fish allowed me to pat it on the back, and rested its head on the stone upon which I was standing, just like a dog. The other fish came to me, and fed on the mussels I threw to them; but would not let me handle them, though I patted some of them.” — P. 62.

I have myself often heard gentlemen in Scotland speak of Colonel McDowell's fish-pond, and

do not believe the above account to be at all exaggerated. I ought to state that Mr. Jesse quotes the above from a correspondent. I do not know if this pond still exists. SIGMA THETA.

I lately saw gold and silver fish at Bordeaux, which regularly come to be fed. I have also observed a similar occurrence at Brussels. I remember to have read in an old book on angling, that fish in ponds could be taught to come at stated times to be fed. This is as much as we can expect fish to do. B. H. C.

Masvicius' Virgil (2nd S. ii. 174.) — Having had occasion, at an early age, to read through the whole of the text, the minor pieces excepted, of that edition of Virgil respecting which OXONI

ENSIS inquires, which was printed in two volumes quarto at Leuwarden, in the Netherlands, in 1717, and goes by the name of Masvicius's, I can assure him that it is both correct and esteemed. It has, amongst others, the valuable notes of Servius (respecting which one of your correspondents, some time since, made many inquiries), with an Index to them, and the Index of Erythræus to Virgil.

The work was handsomely reprinted at Venice in two quarto volumes in 1736, but Brunet says this edition is not so good as the first. To the eye it is by no means inferior. OXONIENSIS ALTER.

Singular Plant (2nd S. ii. 173.) The curious plant alluded to by F. C. H. was probably the socalled "Rose of Jericho" (Anastatica hierochuntica), of which a description will be found in any modern encyclopædia.* It is the subject of an interesting passage in Browne's Vulgar Errors, who, however, can hardly have seen the plant, since after describing it he says, "suitable to this relation in almost all points is that thorn at Glastonbury," &c. The latter, "St. Joseph's Tree," as it was called, was, I believe, a hawthorn. In my copy of Browne's work there is the following marginal note in an old hand:

"The thorn by Glastonbury was no way like this, for it was a great and old tree, and blossomed on Christmas Eve; but by too much conceit of the thornes growing out of it, superstitious folks taking them for toothpickers, it much decayed, and within these few years an humourous

fellow cut it down and carried it into the windmill: but

that it did blossom at that time I know."

D.

The plant that F. C. H. had under his examination was, I have no doubt, from his description, Selaginella lepidophylla of Spring and Lycopodium lepidophyllum of Hooker. It is a native of Mexico, and forms a source of traffic on account of its singular hygrometric property. The first specimen that Mr. Hugh Cuming, the conchological and botanical collector, obtained he gave its weight in gold for. There is an admirable figure of the plant in Hooker's Icones Plantarum, tt. 162, 163. There is another plant that has similar hygrometric properties, the better known Anastatica hierochuntica of Linnæus, or Rose of Jericho, a native of Egypt, of which there is a very good figure, both in a state of flower as well as fruit, in Lindley's Vegetable Kingdom. I have no doubt, however, that the plant F. C. H. describes is the Mexican Selaginella lepidophylla. R. H.

Kensington.

Person referred to by Pascal (2nd S. ii. 58.) — Your correspondent G. N. gives me credit for an amount of ingenuity to which I can lay no claim, I must say that he who can translate the French

[* See also "N. & Q." 1st S. xi. 72. 449., &c.]

of our author into "the person who possessed," &c., displays more ingenuity than I. My conviction that a possible case, and not a real circumstance, is alluded to is founded on no historical or biographical knowledge, but merely on the admitted meaning of a certain form of a verb. And "Qui aurait eu" is not French for "he who had or possessed." The force of the verb is what grammarians call conditional, and the expression, rendered into the idiom of English, should be translated "If a man had possessed," &c. It is perhaps worth adding that while all the annotations on the passage which I have seen name the three sovereigns, not one takes the least notice of the person, who, if real, would have been so re

markable.

C. H. S.

initium cujusvis rei: locus ubi territorium aliquod incipit."

The word Calends is not peculiar to the pathway at Bromyard in Herefordshire; a similar path to that described by MR. PATTISON leads to the church at Bredon in this county, and is called by the same name. Might it not be derived from clergy, so called because formerly held on the Calendæ, rural chapters or conventions of the calends of every month, as being the road to the church or place where these meetings were held? or can it derive its name from calcea, a paved or trodden path? J. M. G.

Worcester.

With reference to MR. PATTISON'S Query respecting "Calends or Kalends," though not able to give a full reply to the inquiry, I can inform him that such use of the word is not peculiar to Bromyard. There is a similar application of it at Ludlow. The footpath, paved with flag-stones, leading from the street to the principal entrance to the church, is so called; or, as I remember when a boy, corrupted into Kallings.

The word Kalends occurs twice in Chaucer, as signifying the "beginning of anything:" and the word Kalender, in the sense of "a guide or director." At least the Glossary so interprets the words. It is possible that this application of the word denotes the beginning of a path consecrated, i. e. set apart from the common street, directly to the house of God? It is at Ludlow, as most likely at Bromyard, a foot-path only. S. S. S.

Nearsightedness (2nd S. ii. 149.)-If BELLISARIUS will go into a national girls' school, when