paradife, beyond the western mountains. Others allow them no reli gion, or very faint notions of these things; but all agree, that they are exceeding fuperftitious, and feem to dread evil fpirits; and that they have their conjurers, whom they confult on their undertaking any enterprise. Others relate, that these pretended conjurers are both priests and phyficians; and what they cannot cure by their medicines, they pretend to do by witchcraft. In order to reconcile thefe different accounts, we must fuppofe, that different tribes may have different notions, and different rites and ceremonies; and fome of the relaters may have obtained better information than others. As to the Chriftians here, they copy exactly after their mother the church of England. Every parifh is provided with its prieft, who has a houfe and glebe, and about the value of fourfcore pounds per annu paid him in tobacco, which the church-wardens collect for him. But there are no Proteftant bishops. An ecclefiaftical commiffary, or fuperintendent, is appointed by the Bishop of London in this colony, as well as in others, who infpects the behaviour of the clergy; and though a full liberty of confcience is allowed to all perfuafions, there are but few diffenters from the established church. A University.] The feat of the government being removed from James-town, to a place called Williamsburgh, in honour of King Wil liam, fituate between James and York river, it was propofed to build a college there, to which their Majesties King William and Queen Mary, in the year 1692, gave about 2000 1, endowing it with 20,000 acres of land, and the revenue of one penny in the pound on all tobacco exported. A power was alfo given to certain gentlemen, and their fucceffors, to build the college, and give it the name of William and Mary college; in which there were appointed a prefident, fix profeffors, and 100 itudents; and the truftees were enabled to take eftates to the value of 2000 1. per annum; and there has been a very large donation by the Hon. Mr Boyle to this college, for the education of Indian children therein. Poor provided for.] Notwithstanding there are not many plantess very rich in this province, there is fear any man fo poor as to be reduced to a state of beggary; but if any one happens to be difabled, by age or fickness, from working, he is quartered upon fome fubftantial planter, where he is plentifully provided for at the public charge, and not in the manner that the poor are provided for on this fide the water, where they are in a manner imprifoned, and juft preferved from pe rifhing. Their county-courts have a power of cenfuring and punishing al!|| mafters that do not provide their fervants good wholefome diet, cloathing. and lodging. And these courts have power to redrefs any grievance fervants may have reafon to complain of. The property of all money and goods fent over to fervants, or carried with them, is referved for them, and remains entirely at their difpofal. Revolution Revolutions and memorable events. HE north-east part of the continent of America was first discoemployed him, in the year 1497, to find out a north-weft paffage to China; which though Cabot was not fo fortunate to accomplith, yet he discovered all the north-eaft coaft of America, from Cape Florida, in 25 degrees of north latitude, to 67 and an half; from whence England claimed a right to that country, prior to the Spaniards, or any other European power. And the reafon no attempt was made to plant, or fend colonies to North America, for a confiderable time, Cabot himfelf informs us, was the wars that happened immediately after: By which, I fuppofe, he means the infurrections in the reign of Henry VII. and the wars with France, Scotland, and Spain, in, the reign of Henry VIII. Queen Elifabeth having equipped several squadrons, under the command of thofe celebrated commanders, Drake, Hawkins, and Raleigh, to cruise upon the Spanish coafts and islands in America, they brought home fuch favourable accounts of the riches and fertility of Florida, that a great many enterprifing gentlemen appeared very zealous of making fettlements in that part of the world, and chofe Mr Raleigh, afterwards Sir Walter, to conduct the enterprife; who obtained a patent or grant from Queen Elifabeth in the year 1584, of all fuch lands as he fhould discover in North America, between 33 and 40 degrees of north latitude, and to difpofe of them in fee-fimple, or otherwife, to any of the fubjects of England; referving to the crown a fifth part of all the gold and filver ore that fhould be acquired in fuch countries, paying the faid fifth part to the crown in lieu of all fervices. Whereupon Mr Raleigh formed a fociety among his friends, who contributed large fums, and provided two thips to go upon the difcovery, the command of them being given to Captain Philip Amidas, and Captain Arthur Burlow; who fet fail from England on the 20th of April 1584, and arrived at the island of Wokoken, on the coaft of Carolina, in 34 degrees odd minutes N. Lat. They vifited another ifland a little to the northward, called Roanoak; and fome of the officers went over to the neighbouring continent; where they were hofpitably entertained by Wingina, the King of that part of the country. However, they returned to the ifland of Wokoken before night, where they bartered fome utenfils of brafs and pewter, axes, hatchets, and knives, with the natives, for fkins and furs; and having difpofed of all their goods, and loaded their fhips with fkins, faffafras, and cedar, and procured fome pearls and tobacco, they parted with the natives in a very friendly manner, returning to England with two Indians who defired to come along with them. The tobacco brought home by thefe adventurers, being the first that was ever seen in England, was then cried up as a moft valuable plant, and a remedy for almost every difeafe. Thefe two fhips having made a profitable voyage, and given out that the country was immenfely rich, Mr Raleigh and his friends fitted out a fleet of feven fhips more, giving the command of it to Sir Rich ard Greenville; who fet fail from Plymouth the 9th of April 1585, and arrived at the island of Wokoken the 26th of June following; where the admiral's fhip was caft away going into the harbour; but he and all the crew were faved. The admiral afterwards conducted the ad venturers to the ifland of Roanoak, from whence he went over to the continent, and took a view of the country; and one of the natives ftealing a filver cup, he took a fevere revenge, burnt and plundered an Indian town, with all the corn growing in their fields; and leaving ro8 men on the island of Roanoak, under the command of Mr Ralph Lane, directed him to make farther difcoveries, and then fet fail for England, promising to return with fuch reinforcements as should enable him to fubdue the neighbouring continent. But Mr Lane marching to the west, found the country deftroyed before him as he advanced, and it was with great difficulty he made his retreat to Roanoak again. And here the colony were in great danger of ftarving, if Admiral Drake had not taken them up as he was returning from a cruise, and brought them to England. Sir Walter fent over feveral other little embarkations; but neglecting to fupport them, all of them perished. The Indians had been exafperated by Sir Richard Greenville's plundering the country, and would never be reconciled to the English afterwards; and this Sir Richard seemed fenfible of, when he determined to bring over fuch a force as was fufficient to make an entire conqueft of the country. But Sir Walter not finding the gold and filver he expected to meet with here, did not think it worth his while to make use of that interest he had at court, to establish fettlements in this part of the country; efpecially after he was informed he might meet with mountains of gold in Guiana, now called New Andalusia, in Terra Firma; in attempting the discovery whereof his fon loft his life; and that attempt was the real occafion of the lofs of his own. No farther attempts were made to fix colonies either in Carolina or Virginia, until the reign of King James I. who by his letters patent, dated the 10th of April 1606, authorised Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Summers, Richard Hackluit, Clerk, prebendary of Westminster, and other adventurers, to plant the coaft of Virginia, between 34 and 45 degrees of north latitude; who thereupon fitted out three fmall fhips, giving the command of them to Captain Christopher Newport; who fet fail from the Downs the 5th of January 1606-7, and on the 26th of April 1607, arrived in the bay of Cheefepeak; and failing up the river Powhaton, now James river, they landed on a peninfula about fifty miles up the river; where they built a fort, and afterwards a town, which they called James-tou, in honour of King James I. from whom they received their patent. This was the first town built by the English on the continent of America. There happened fome fkirmishes between the English and the natives at their landing; but the Indians apprehending they thould not be able to maintain their ground against a people furnished with fire-arms, pretended to be reconciled, waiting however for an opportunity of fulling upon thefe ftrangers when they fhould meet with an advantage. The fort being finished, Captain Newport, on the 22d of June 1607, returned to England, leaving 104 men in the new fettlement. The garrifon foon finding themselves in want of provifions, and the natives refufing to furnith them with any, though they offered to give the full value for them, the English found themielves under a neceflity 1 of plundering the country; upon which an open war commenced be tween them and the natives. However, freth tupplies and reinforcements coming over, commanded by the Lord Delawar, the Indians were glad to enter into a treaty of peace; during which the English finding a great demand for tobacco in Europe, began to encourage the planting of it, in which they fucceeded beyond their expectations; and at the fame time Sir George Yardly, the governor, established a government refembling that of England; and the firft general affembly or parliament met at James-town in May 1620; and negroes were first imported into Virginia the fame year. The Indians, in the mean time, looking upon themselves as a conquered people, entered into a confpiracy to maffacre all the English on the 22d of March 1622, about noon, when the English were abroad at work on their plantations, without arms; and they actually murdered 347 of the English, most of them being killed by their own working tools. But an Indian who had been well ufed by his mafter, difclofing the defign to him a little before this execution, he gave notice to the reft of the planters; who stood upon their defence, and not only faved their own lives, but cut off great numbers of the Indians. The planters not long after falling out among themselves, the Indians took an advantage of their divifions, and made another attempt to recover their country, killing great numbers of the English by furprife. Thefe misfortunes being afcribed to the male-administration of the company, King Charles I. diffolved them in the year 1626, and reduced the government of Virginia under his own immediate direction, appointing the governor and council himself, ordering all patents and procefs to iffue in the King's name, referving a quit rent of two fhillings for every hundred acres of land. The planters, however, falling into factions and parties again, the Indians made a third effort to recover their loft liberties, and cut off near 500 more of the English. But they were at length repulfed, and their king, Oppaconcanough, taken prifoner, and killed by a private foldier, very much against the will of Sir William Berkley, the then governor, who defigned to have brought him over into England, being a man of extraordinary ftature, and uncommon parts. Sir William afterwards made peace with the Indians: which continued a confiderable time; but the civil war commencing in England, he was removed from his government during the ufurpation; when an ordinance of parliament was made, prohibiting the plantations to receive or export any goods but in English thips; which gave birth to the act of navigation in the reign of King Charles II. who reinitated Sir William Berkley in his government at the reitoration. Sir William promoted the manufactures of filk and linen in this plantation, and was efteemed an excellent governor: but the act of navigation, reftraining the planters from fending their merchandife to foreign countries, and from receiving cloathing, furniture, or fupplies, from any nation but England, creating a great deal of difcontent, Mr Bacon, a popular factious gentleman, took the advantage of their difaffection, and fetting up for himfelf, drew the people into rebellion, depofed the governor, and compelled him to fly to the eastern thore of the bay of Cheefepeak; and had not Bacon died in good time, he had probably -probably made himself fovereign of Virginia. But upon his death Sir William returned to his government, and the people to their duty; fince which there has been no material alterations in the state of Virgi nia. But they have neglected the making filk, wine, and every other branch of business, which the foil and climate feemed proper for, and employed themselves folely in the planting and curing of tobacco. See the memorable events of England, p. 325. &c. CAROLINA, comprehending NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, and GEORGIA*. Boundaries.] Ounded by Virginia on the north; by the Atlantic ocean on the eat; by the river of St John on the fouth; and by the river Miffifippi on the weft. It has three divifions, viz. 1. North Carolina; 2. South Carolina; 3. Georgia. Divifions. North Carolina con Counties. Albemarle, ---- Towns. tains the counties Bath county, and Divided into parishes, Clarendon in part, of The middle divifion, or South Carolina, Berkley county, but have no towns. St James. Christ-church. Charlestown, W.Lon. 79. N. Lat. 32-30. Port-Royal. Savannah. Frederica. Purifburgh. Rivers.] The chief rivers are, 1. Albemarle river; 2. Pentaguen, 3. Neufe; 4. Cape Fear, or Clarendon river; 5. Watere; 6. Santee: 7. Afhley river; 8. Cooper river; 9. Colleton; 10. Cambahee ; 11. Savannah; 12. Alatamaha; and 13. That noble river St John's. which divides Georgia from Spanish Florida; all which rivers rife in See the memorable events of England, p. 325. for the ceffions made to us in America by the laft treaty of peace. And fee p. 593. below, his Majesty's procla mation for regulating thofe ceflions. the |