A New Geographical and Historical Grammar

received the fubmiffions and homage of Dermod Mac-Carthy King of Corke, Donald O-Brien King of Limerick, Donald Mac-gilla-Phadruig King of Offory, O-Phelan Prince of Defies, and of a great mamy other petty princes. At Lifmore he held a fynod of the clergy, probably to take fubmiflions of that body, and gave directions for building a castle there; which done, he returned to Dublin, where on the 11th of November many petty princes made their fubmiffions, and swore allegiance to him in perfon, as Gillamoholmock, O-Chadefie, O-Carrol King of Uriel, O-Melaghlin King of Meath, O-Roirk King of Brefiny, and many others. But Roderick, monarch of all Ireland, came no nearer to Dublin than the river Shannon, where he made his fubmiffion to the commiffioners fent thither by King Henry, to whom he became nbutary, fwore allegiance, and gave hoftages for his fidelity. Thus Ireland made voluntary fubmiflions to the King of England, except. the princes of Ulfter, and they alfo virtually did fo in the fubmiflion of the fupreme monarch Roderick.

At this time the King granted the laws of England to the people of Ireland, established courts and officers of justice, and held a parlianent, or fomething like a parliament, at Dublin; where he kept the tival of Christmas in as great ftate as the place would allow for there was no houfe there capable of receiving his retinue; and thereore he was under the neceflity of haftily erecting a long pavilion, composed of fmooth wattles, after the fathion of the country, which beng well furnished with plate, houfhold-stuff, and good cheer, made a better appearance than ever had been before feen in Ireland. Many of the Irith princes flocked thither to pay their duty to the King, not without admiring and applauding his magnificence. The greateft part ot his charge was expended in royal entertainments to captivate the Irish; and his time, in the five months he flaid there, was taken up in endeavours fo to fettle matters, as wholly, for the time to come, fratrate his enemies of the utual aids afforded by the Irish against im, when attacked by the arms of France. He had experienced the benefit the crown received without charge by private adventurers, and was refolved by like methods to make the part he had gained, bear the rge of fubduing the whole. To this end he diftributed large types of land to the grandees who attended him; as, to Earl Strongby, (which indeed was his right by marriage), all Leinster, the city Dublin, and the adjoining cantreds, with a few maritime towns and cafties excepted; to flugh de Lacy, the kingdom of Meath; to Jan de Courcy, all Uliter, if he could conquer it; and to Robert FitzStephen and Miles de Cogan, the kingdom of Cork, (which formerly comprehended Definond); and to Philip de Braos, the kingdom of Limerick. but thefe two latter grants were made after the King's return to Eng

4. D. 1173. The rebellion of his fon, the danger of a revolt in Normandy, and a plague and scarcity in Ireland, laid the King under The neceffity of haftening his return; though he was at firit determined to stay the fummer following in Ireland, to fortify it with ftrong holds and castles, and to fettle it in a fate of fecurity. He therefore having provided for the government, and fettled a civil administration in Dublin by a colony from Bristol, marched from Dublin to Wexford, where he embarked on Easter Monday 1173. Thus was bright about this great revolution, with little bloodthed, rather by the opinion of Ling

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King Henry's power, and the terror of his arms, than by any red force.

A. D. 1314. The weak reign of Edward II. his unfuccefsful wa with the Scots, feuds and contentions amongst the English of Irelan and the perpetual rebellions of the Irish, were the caule of a very traordinary revolution, though of a fhort continuance. The King a Scotland, for a diverfion to the English arms, this year fent his brothe Edward Bruce with a small force to invade Ireland; who landed in the north, and was joined by great numbers of the Irish. He marched the to Dundalk, which he took and burnt down in the year 1315, and drove most of the English out of Ulfter. The Earl of Ulfter fought with the enemy near Coleraine, and was routed; which was followed by the fiege of Carrickfergus; and Roger Mortimer was the fame year defeated in Meath. From thence Bruce ravaged the whole kingdom from fa to fea, and defeated Sir Edmund Butler, Lord Justice, on the 26th of January; which caused all the Irish in Munster and Leinster to rise rebellion. But for want of provifions the Scots were obliged to march back to Ulfter, where Bruce fat down in his quarters, to that degree of quietness, that he kept court, and held pleas, as in times of procand peace. Bruce paffed into Scotland in 1316 for fresh supplies, and upon his return was crowned King of Ireland at Dundalk. From thence he marched with an intention of befieging Dublin, took Castle-Knock, and Sir Hugh Tyrrel in it. The citizens burnt down the fuburbs to cure the town, and erected an outward fortification close to the river aJong Merchant-Kay, with the ftones of the Dominican abbey, which they demolished for that purpofe. Bruce finding the refolution of the citizens, decamped from Cattle-Knock, and marched weftward as far as Limerick, ravaging the whole country through which he patied. Roger Mortimer, appointed Lord Juftice in 1317, arrived at Waterford with thirty-eight men at arms only, and would not fuffer the Eng lith to fight Bruce till he joined them. But Bruce, upon his arrival. marched back to Uliter, and the Lord Juftice was recalled to England Archbishop Bicknor being made Lord Juftice in 1318, appointed the Lord John Birmingham general against Bruce, who in a fharp enco ter flew Bruce at Dundalk, with 2000 of his men. John Maupas, a valiant officer in Birmingham's troops, rushed into the battle with a refolution to destroy the ufurping prince, and was found dead after the conflict, ftretched on the body of Bruce. Thus an end was put to th. revolution, and the Scotch government in Ireland. Buchanan report that Robert King of Scotland came over to Ireland in aid of his brothe and was within a day's march of him when the battle was fought; be. that Bruce precipitated the fight, that his brother should have no thart in the glory.

The Irith who had fubmitted to King Henry all along bore with m patience the reftraint of the Englith government, and in every re there was a perpetual bordering war maintained between fome of ther and the Englith, which occafioned King Richard II. to make two reva voyages to Ireland in perfon, refolving to make an entire conquer e that illand. In the firit voyage, made in 1394, he was attended by a roval army, confilting of 4000 men at arms, and 30,000 archers. Ter ritied with thele forces, the Irish had recourfe to a policy they ha Pre than once practifed with fuccefs, to diffolve the English army. which they were not able to refiit, namely, by light fubmitlions, an!

feigned acknowledgements of their past errors. As foon therefore as the King had landed, all the powerful heads of the Irifhry made humble offers of fubmiffion. Whereupon the Lord Mowbray, Earl Marthal of England, was authorised by special commiffion to receive the homages and oaths of fidelity of all the Irifhry of Leinfter, namely, of Mac-Murrough, O-Byrne, O-More, O-Nolan, and the chief of the Kinfhelaghs, who falling down at his feet, upon their knees performed their homages, and made their oaths of fidelity; which done, the Earl admitted each of them to the kifs of peace. The King himfelf having received humble letters from O-Neil, (wherein he ftyled himself Prince of the Irifhry of Ulfter, and yet acknowledged the King to be his Sovereign, and the perpetual Lord of Ireland), removed to Drogheda, and received the like fubmiffions from the Irifhry of Ulfter, namely, from O-Neil, O-Hanlon, O-Donnell, Mac-Mahon, and others. They were bound alfo in great penalties to the Apoftolical chamber, not only to continue loyal fubjects, but that they and their fwordmen fhould, on a certain day, furrender to the King and his fucceffors all their lands and poffeffions, and fhould ferve him in his wars againft his other rebels; in confideration whereof they were to receive pay and penfions from the King, and have the inheritance of fuch land as they fhould recover from the rebels. Thus they avoided the prefent ftorm, and diffolved that army, which was prepared to break them. As the Pope was interested in thefe fubmiffions, it might be thought they would have had fome effect; but the King was no fooner returned to England, but these Irish Lords laid afide their mafks of humility, and infefted the English borders anew, in defence whereof the Lord Roger Mortimer, then Lord Lieutenant, and heir-apparent to the crown, was flain. Moved with a juft indignation, the King paffed over again into Ireland in 1399, with as powerful an army as he had before, purpofing to make a full conqueft of it; but in his paffage through the wafte countries of the Murroughs, Kinfhelaghs, Kavanaghs, Byrnes, and Tools, his great army was much diftreffed for want of provifions and carriages; md he did nothing memorable, unless cutting down and clearing the paffes in the Kavanagh's country may be termed an action of fervice. But all thefe preparations and refolutions came to nought by the arrival of the Duke of Lancaster in England against the King, who was obliged thereby to leave Ireland, and he foon after loft his crown and life.

From the time of the first reduction of Ireland there were commotions and rebellions in every reign, but none more formidable than in the reign of Queen Elifabeth, when the Irish were fupported by forces from Spain, who poffeffed themselves of Kinfale, to whofe affiftance the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel marched from the north, at the head of a great army; but they being engaged and routed by the Lord Deputy Mountjoy before Kinfale, the Spaniards fubmitted upon the terms of leaving the kingdom. The Earl of Tyrone foon after fubmitted to the Lord Deputy upon his knees, and was received to mercy.

The power of the north was much broken by this battle; but Tyrone and others being received to mercy, and King James iffuing a commiffion of grace in 1606, for confirming the poffeffions of the Irish against all claims of the crown, it might have been expected that a perfect fettlement of the kingdom would have enfued: but at this very time the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel, Maguir, O-Cahan, and al moft all the Irish of Ulfter, entered into a confpiracy to furprise the

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caftle of Dublin, murder the Lord Deputy and council, and fet on fart a new rebellion; and for this end had folicited foreign aids. As ×E as they had notice that their plot was difcovered, Tyrone, Tyrconne and Maguir, fled beyond the feas, where they made loud clamour that they withdrew themselves for matters of religion and injustice as a their rights and claims; both which points the King cleared by a po blic declaration fpread through Europe, which may be feen in the oa tome of Rymer's Collections, p. 664. Upon the flight of these coura-| tors, indictments were found against them, upon which all that fied”, were outlawed.

A. D. 1608. Sir Cahir O-Dogharty, proprietor of the barcay of Inifowen, in the county of Donnegal, urged by the intrigues of the tgitive Earls, and by aifurance of ipeedy aids from Spain, broke out into rebellion, which he maintained for five months with various succes; whereunto an accidental fhot put an end, and to his life; and tome of ars adherents were taken and executed. Befides inquifitions and outlawries found and had against the actors in these two rebellions, and that of the lait of Queen Elifabeth, they were all attainted by the statute of the 11th of King James, and their lands velted in the crown, amount 12 to 511,465 acres in the feveral counties of Donnegal, Tyrone, Culeraite, Fermanagh, Cavan, and Armagh, This enabled the King to make that Protestant plantation in Uliter, which now, from the moit rebel province of the kingdom, is the moit quiet and reformned.

The rebellion and mailacres of 1641, exceed all the cruelties that ever were perpetrated in the world, unlets thote of the Spaniards upon the conquest of Mexico and Peru may be excepted. The reitoration or tas Popith religion to its ancient splendor, and the hopes of repoticing the Irith in the fix efcheated counties before mentioned, were made the pretences to this infamous action, which was maintained for twelve years with an obitinacy not to be matched. But at length the Irih rebocia were totally fubdued by Oliver Cromwell, and an end put to the war by the contifcation of numbers of their eftates in 1653.

The favours of King James II, to thote of his own religion in Ireland, once more exalted the Papiits of that kingdom, and put them upes, the foot of domineering over their Proteftant neighbours. All the citatis,

foricited by former rebellions, were rettored by the repeal of the act of fettlement, and many other laws made to the destruction of the citablithed religion there. But the kingdom was again reduced by the arms of the glorious King William, in two fuccesful battles, and the ettates of great numbers of the Irita nobility and gentry were adjudged to be forfeited: And to perpetuate the lation, that gocat King took care, as h in the luitious Pouie that row Wee' ver remain, are the players e, ai